Select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulates vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling by Kelly G. Jameson, Sabeen A. Kazmi, Takahiro E. Ohara, Celine Son, Kristie B. Yu, Donya Mazdeyasnan, Emma Leshan, Helen E. Vuong, Jorge Paramo, Arlene Lopez-Romero, Long Yang, Felix E. Schweizer, Elaine Y. Hsiao

“…Serial perfusion of each metabolite class activates both shared and distinct neuronal subsets with varied response kinetics. Metabolite-induced and receptor-dependent increases in vagal activity correspond with the activation of brainstem neurons. …”
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Use of Acupuncture in the Rehabilitation Treatment of Patients with Parkinson's Disease by Julio López Argüelles, Omar Morejón Barroso

“…The practice of this technique has among its benefits: reducing signs and symptoms, improving motor functions, reducing the need for medication, minimizing medication side effects, slowing the progression of the disease, increasing dopamine levels, decreasing neuronal damage and death, increase cyclophilin levels, increase the number of stem cells and the number of neurons transformed from them, and enhance antioxidant systems. …”
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Nervous System of Periplaneta americana Cockroach as a Model in Toxinological Studies: A Short Historical and Actual View by Maria Stankiewicz, Marcin Dąbrowski, Maria Elena de Lima

“…This paper presents its role as a preparation in the development of toxinological studies in the following electrophysiological methods: double-oil-gap technique on isolated giant axon, patch-clamp on DUM (dorsal unpaired median) neurons, microelectrode technique in situ conditions on axon in connective and DUM neurons in ganglion, and single-fiber oil-gap technique on last abdominal ganglion synapse. …”
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Substantia nigra alterations in mice modeling Parkinson’s disease by I. N. Rozhkova, S. V. Okotrub, E. Yu. Brusentsev, T. A. Rakhmanova, D. A. Lebedeva, V. S. Kozeneva, N. A. Shavshaeva, N. V. Khotskin, S. Ya. Amstislavsky

“…However, accumulation of alpha-synuclein and a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra were found in the B6.Cg-Tg mouse strain. …”
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Presynaptic CRF1 Receptors Mediate the Ethanol Enhancement of GABAergic Transmission in the Mouse Central Amygdala by Zhiguo Nie, Eric P. Zorrilla, Samuel G. Madamba, Kenner C. Rice, Marissa Roberto, George Robert Siggins

“…The PPF effect of ethanol was abolished in CeA neurons of CRF1 KO mice. The CRF1 antagonist NIH-3 blocked the CRF- and ethanol-induced enhancement of mIPSC frequency in CeA neurons. …”
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The edge of chaos is that where consciousness manifests itself through intermittent dynamics by Valeriy Sbitnev

“…The memristive neural model considers two types of neurons, excitatory and inhibitory, and current leakage at body temperature (T = 310 K). …”
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Glia and TRPM2 Channels in Plasticity of Central Nervous System and Alzheimer’s Diseases by Jing Wang, Michael F. Jackson, Yu-Feng Xie

“…Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of neurons to strengthen or weaken synaptic efficacy in response to activity and is the basis for learning and memory. …”
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Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Human and Animal Studies with Implications for Therapeutic Perspectives Aimed at Memory Recovery by Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli, Valentina Ricci, Silvia Middei

“…The mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus is a niche for adult neurogenesis from neural stem cells. Newborn neurons integrate into existing neuronal networks, where they play a key role in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory. …”
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Outcomes of dietary interventions in the prevention and progression of Parkinson's disease: A literature review by Ubaid Ansari, Alexi Omid, Dawnica Nadora, Jimmy Wen, Arman Omid, Forshing Lui

“…Factors contributing to this neuronal degeneration include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal excitotoxicity. …”
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From Abnormal Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Down Syndrome Mouse Models to Cognitive Disability in Down Syndrome by Nathan Cramer, Zygmunt Galdzicki

“…In this review, we will highlight some of the neurophysiological changes that we believe reduce the ability of trisomic neurons to undergo neuroplasticity-related adaptations. …”
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Studying Cortical Plasticity in Ophthalmic and Neurological Disorders: From Stimulus-Driven to Cortical Circuitry Modeling Approaches by Joana Carvalho, Remco J. Renken, Frans W. Cornelissen

“…Unsolved questions in computational visual neuroscience research are whether and how neurons and their connecting cortical networks can adapt when normal vision is compromised by a neurodevelopmental disorder or damage to the visual system. …”
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The Extracellular Environment of the CNS: Influence on Plasticity, Sprouting, and Axonal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury by Shmma Quraishe, Lindsey H. Forbes, Melissa R. Andrews

“…PNNs associate with the neuronal cell body and proximal dendrites of predominantly parvalbumin-positive interneurons, forming a robust lattice-like structure. …”
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HIV-Associated Neurotoxicity: The Interplay of Host and Viral Proteins by Sushama Jadhav, Vijay Nema

“…In-depth research in the pathogenesis of HIV has focused on various mechanisms involved in neuronal dysfunction and associated toxicities ultimately showcasing the involvement of various pathways. …”
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Understanding the Functional Plasticity in Neural Networks of the Basal Ganglia in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Role for Allosteric Receptor-Receptor Interactions in A2A-D2 Heterorecept... by Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Karolina Wydra, Julia Pintsuk, Manuel Narvaez, Fidel Corrales, Magdalena Zaniewska, Luigi F. Agnati, Rafael Franco, Sergio Tanganelli, Luca Ferraro, Malgorzata Filip, Kjell Fuxe

“…Anticocaine actions of A2AR agonists can also be produced at A2AR homocomplexes in these antireward neurons, actions in which are independent of D2R signaling. …”
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Roles for Prlhr/GPR10 and Npffr2/GPR74 in feeding responses to PrRP by Yi Wang, Weiwei Qiu, Stace Kernodle, Carly Parker, Marc-Antonio Padilla, Jiaao Su, Abigail J. Tomlinson, Stephanie Oldham, Joss Field, Elise Bernard, David Hornigold, Christopher J. Rhodes, David P. Olson, Randy J. Seeley, Martin G. Myers, Jr

“…Objective: Several groups of neurons in the NTS suppress food intake, including Prlh-expressing neurons (NTSPrlh cells). …”
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Imaging the large‐scale and cellular response to focal traumatic brain injury in mouse neocortex by Yelena Bibineyshvili, Thomas J. Vajtay, Shiva Salsabilian, Nicholas Fliss, Aastha Suvarnakar, Jennifer Fang, Shavonne Teng, Janet Alder, Laleh Najafizadeh, David J. Margolis

“…Correspondingly, two‐photon calcium imaging in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) found strong activation of neuropil and neuronal populations during the CCI‐induced travelling wave. …”
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The effect of interspike interval statistics on the information gainunder the rate coding hypothesis by Shinsuke Koyama, Lubomir Kostal

“…The question, how much information can be theoreticallygained from variable neuronal firing rate with respect to constantaverage firing rate is investigated.We employ the statistical concept of information based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence,and assume rate-modulated renewal processes as a model of spike trains.We show thatif the firing rate variation is sufficiently small and slow(with respect to the mean interspike interval), the information gaincan be expressed by the Fisher information.Furthermore, under certain assumptions, the smallestpossible information gain is provided by gamma-distributed interspikeintervals.The methodology is illustrated and discussed on severaldifferent statistical models of neuronal activity.…”
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Rifaximin Improves Visceral Hyperalgesia via TRPV1 by Modulating Intestinal Flora in the Water Avoidance Stressed Rat by Chang-qing Yang, Xiao-shu Guo, Ji-Li, Zi-bai Wei, Li Zhao, Gan-ting Zhao, Shu-ting Sheng

“…The changes of TRPV1 in peripheral and central neurons of rats were detected by immunofluorescence, western blot method, and RT-PCR. …”
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Acupuncture for Parkinson’s Disease: Efficacy Evaluation and Mechanisms in the Dopaminergic Neural Circuit by Yadan Zhao, Zichen Zhang, Siru Qin, Wen Fan, Wei Li, Jingyi Liu, Songtao Wang, Zhifang Xu, Meidan Zhao

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Existing pharmaceutical treatments offer alleviation of symptoms but cannot delay disease progression and are often associated with significant side effects. …”
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Single- versus Multiobjective Optimization for Evolution of Neural Controllers in Ms. Pac-Man by Tse Guan Tan, Jason Teo, Kim On Chin

“…Three different architectures of PAESNet were investigated, namely, PAESNet with fixed number of hidden neurons (PAESNet_F), PAESNet with varied number of hidden neurons (PAESNet_V), and the PAESNet with multiobjective techniques (PAESNet_M). …”
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