Nonapoptotic caspase-3 guides C1q-dependent synaptic phagocytosis by microglia by Megumi Andoh, Natsuki Shinoda, Yusuke Taira, Tasuku Araki, Yuka Kasahara, Haruki Takeuchi, Masayuki Miura, Yuji Ikegaya, Ryuta Koyama

“…Abstract Caspases are known to mediate neuronal apoptosis during brain development. However, here we show that nonapoptotic activation of caspase-3 at presynapses drives microglial synaptic phagocytosis. …”
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Diversity in the Regulation of Autophagy and Mitophagy: Lessons from Parkinson's Disease by Charleen T. Chu

“…Complete clearance of mitochondria can be observed during normal maturation of certain mammalian cell types, and during certain forms of neuronal cell death. In recent years, autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in toxin-injured dopaminergic neurons as well as in major genetic models of Parkinson's disease (PD), including α-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and DJ-1. …”
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Association of p53 with Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease by Qiang Luo, Wei Sun, Yi-Fan Wang, Ji Li, Da-Wei Li

“…Recent studies have revealed that p53 levels and activity are substantially increased in affected neurons in cellular and animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as in the brains of PD patients. p53 activation in response to neurodegenerative stress is closely associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, abnormal protein aggregation, and impairment of autophagy, and these pathogenic events have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. …”
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Disruption of the Serotonergic System after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in a Rodent Model by Kathryn M. Buller, Julie A. Wixey, Hanna E. Reinebrant

“…Identifying which specific neuronal phenotypes are vulnerable to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, where in the brain they are damaged, and the mechanisms that produce neuronal losses are critical to determine the anatomical substrates responsible for neurological impairments in hypoxic-ischemic brain-injured neonates. …”
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ARM-Cortex M3-Based Two-Wheel Robot for Assessing Grid Cell Model of Medial Entorhinal Cortex: Progress towards Building Robots with Biologically Inspired Navigation-Cognitive Maps by J. Cuneo, L. Barboni, N. Blanco, M. del Castillo, J. Quagliotti

“…Position coordinate neural maps are achieved as mathematically predicted although for a reduced number of implemented neurons (i.e., 200 neurons). However, this type of computational embedded system (robot’s microcontroller) is found to be insufficient for simulating huge numbers of neurons in real time (as in the medial entorhinal cortex). …”
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A high-protein diet-responsive gut hormone regulates behavioral and metabolic optimization in Drosophila melanogaster by Yuto Yoshinari, Takashi Nishimura, Taishi Yoshii, Shu Kondo, Hiromu Tanimoto, Tomoe Kobayashi, Makoto Matsuyama, Ryusuke Niwa

“…Gut-derived CCHa1 is received by a small subset of enteric neurons that produce short neuropeptide F, thereby modulating protein-specific satiety. …”
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Nutrigenomic regulation of sensory plasticity by Hayeon Sung, Anoumid Vaziri, Daniel Wilinski, Riley KR Woerner, Lydia Freddolino, Monica Dus

“…This integration of nutritional and activity information changes the taste neurons’ responses to sugar and the flies’ ability to sense sweetness. …”
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Cholecystokinin facilitates the formation of long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in the distal subiculum by Fengwen Huang, Abdul Baset, Stephen Temitayo Bello, Xi Chen, Jufang He

“…Light activation of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) derived CCK-positive neurons triggers the CCK release in the SUB. Neuronal activities of SUB-projecting MECCCK neurons are necessary for conveying and processing of navigation-related information. …”
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Remodeling of Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Accompanies LUHMES Differentiation by Emad Norouzi Esfahani, Tomas Knedlik, Sang Hun Shin, Ana Paula Magalhães Rebelo, Agnese De Mario, Caterina Vianello, Luca Persano, Elena Rampazzo, Paolo Edomi, Camilla Bean, Dario Brunetti, Luca Scorrano, Samuele Greco, Marco Gerdol, Marta Giacomello

“…Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are often used to study the subcellular mechanisms underlying differentiation into neurons in vitro. Works published to date have focused on the pathways that distinguish undifferentiated NPCs from mature neurons, neglecting the earlier and intermediate stages of this process. …”
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Neural circuits underlying context-dependent competition between defensive actions in Drosophila larvae by Maxime Lehman, Chloé Barré, Md Amit Hasan, Benjamin Flament, Sandra Autran, Neena Dhiman, Peter Soba, Jean-Baptiste Masson, Tihana Jovanic

“…Finally, we identify a pair of descending neurons that promote startle behaviors and could modulate the escape sequence. …”
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An Indole Alkaloid Extracted from Evodia rutaecarpa Inhibits Colonic Motility of Rats In Vitro by Guo-xiang Wang, Yan-li Xiang, Hong-gang Wang, Yang-de Miu, Guang Yu

“…CCK1R was observed in SMCs, intermuscular neurons, and mucosa of rat colon. Evo could inhibit spontaneous muscle contractions; NO synthase, inhibitor L-NAME CCK1R antagonist, could partly block this effect, while the enteric neurons may not play a major role. …”
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Non-apical plateau potentials and persistent firing induced by metabotropic cholinergic modulation in layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in the rat prefrontal cortex. by Nicholas Hagger-Vaughan, Daniel Kolnier, Johan F Storm

“…In particular, unlike previously described plateau potentials that originate in the large apical dendrite of L5 cortical pyramidal neurons, these L2/3PC PPs are generated independently of the apical dendrite. …”
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Parkinson’s Disease in a Dish: What Patient Specific-Reprogrammed Somatic Cells Can Tell Us about Parkinson’s Disease, If Anything? by J. Drouin-Ouellet, R. A. Barker

“…Technologies allowing for the derivation of patient-specific neurons from somatic cells are emerging as powerful in vitro tools to investigate the intrinsic cellular pathological behaviours of the diseases that affect these patients. …”
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Reducing maladaptive behavior in neuropsychiatric disorders using network modification by Nicholas M. Timme

“…Despite this great variance in causes and resulting behavior, we believe the maladaptive behaviors that characterize neuropsychiatric disorders are most proximally determined by networks of neurons and that this forms a common conceptual link between these disorders. …”
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Microglia and Synapse: Interactions in Health and Neurodegeneration by Zuzana Šišková, Marie-Ève Tremblay

“…The surveillance of neuronal circuits executed by each microglial cell overseeing its territory occurs in the form of regular, dynamic interactions. …”
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Mechanism and Therapeutic Prospect of miRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Ya-Min Ma, Lan Zhao

“…They can also increase or reduce neuronal damage by regulating the body’s signaling pathways, immune system, stem cells, gut microbiota, etc. …”
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P-Body Components, microRNA Regulation, and Synaptic Plasticity by Jens Hillebrand, Scott A. Barbee, Mani Ramaswami

“…What is the protein apparatus required for microRNA (miRNA) function and translational repression in neurons? This article reviews our recent work on Me31B, a conserved P-body protein present on Staufen-containing neuronal and maternal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles, which is required for dendrite morphogenesis and miRNA function in vivo. …”
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Spines, Plasticity, and Cognition in Alzheimer's Model Mice by Tara Spires-Jones, Shira Knafo

“…Together, these data support a model of AD pathogenesis in which soluble Aβ initiates synaptic dysfunction and loss, as well as pathological changes in tau, which contribute to both synaptic and neuronal loss. These changes in synapse structure and function as well as frank synapse and neuronal loss contribute to the neural system dysfunction which causes cognitive deficits. …”
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Application of Purified Botulinum Type A Neurotoxin to Treat Experimental Trigeminal Neuropathy in Rats and Patients with Urinary Incontinence and Prostatic Hyperplasia by Yoshizo Matsuka, Teruhiko Yokoyama, Yumiko Yamamoto, Tomonori Suzuki, Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati, Atsushi Nishikawa, Tohru Ohyama, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuo Kuboki, Atsushi Nagai, Keiji Oguma

“…The effects of NTX on trigeminal neuralgia induced by infraorbital nerve constriction (IoNC) in rats were also studied. Trigeminal ganglion neurons from ipsilateral to IoNC exhibited significantly faster onset of FM4-64 release than sham-operated contralateral neurons. …”
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Hijacking of the nervous system in cancer: mechanism and therapeutic targets by Yu Zhang, Qili Liao, Xuyang Wen, Jiayan Fan, Tifei Yuan, Xuemei Tong, Renbing Jia, Peiwei Chai, Xianqun Fan

“…Abstract The activity of neurons in the vicinity of tumors is linked to a spectrum of cellular mechanisms, including the facilitation of tumor cell proliferation, synapse formation, angiogenesis, and macrophage polarization. …”
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