The Contribution of Thalamocortical Core and Matrix Pathways to Sleep Spindles by Giovanni Piantoni, Eric Halgren, Sydney S. Cash

“…Sleep spindles arise from the interaction of thalamic and cortical neurons. Neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) inhibit thalamocortical neurons, which in turn excite the TRN and cortical neurons. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture at Auricular Vagus Nerve on Depression and Anxiety-Like Behaviours of Mice with Preweaning Maternal Separation by WU Nan, WANG Qiang, LI Yongfeng, WU Yuwei, QIAO Haifa, LI Guohui, YUAN Wei

“…Compared with the model group, the number of c-fos neurons in the DRN and PFC brain regions of the EA group was significantly higher, and the number of 5-HT neurons in the DRN brain region of the EA group was significantly higher (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).ConclusionElectroacupuncture at auricular vagus nerve can improve depression and anxiety-like behaviours of PMS mice, and the specific mechanism may be related to the regulation of c-fos expression in DRN and PFC brain regions and the number of 5-HT neurons in DRN brain regions.…”
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Hippocampal dendritic spines store-operated calcium entry and endoplasmic reticulum content is dynamic microtubule dependent by Anastasiya Rakovskaya, Ekaterina Volkova, Ilya Bezprozvanny, Ekaterina Pchitskaya

“…In addition, overexpression of the mutant variant leads to ER reorganization in neuronal soma and reduction of ER presence in spines. …”
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Decoding the molecular, cellular, and functional heterogeneity of zebrafish intracardiac nervous system by Andrea Pedroni, Elanur Yilmaz, Lisa Del Vecchio, Prabesh Bhattarai, Inés Talaya Vidal, Yu-Wen E. Dai, Konstantinos Koutsogiannis, Caghan Kizil, Konstantinos Ampatzis

“…We identify a subset of neurons exhibiting characteristics akin to pacemaker/rhythmogenic neurons similar to those found in Central Pattern Generator networks of the central nervous system. …”
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Plastic Change in the Auditory Minimum Threshold Induced by Intercollicular Effects in Mice by Hui-Xian Mei, Jia Tang, Zi-Ying Fu, Liang Cheng, Qi-Cai Chen

“…The MT shift is larger in IC neurons with BF differences ≤2 kHz than in those with BF differences >2 kHz. …”
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New concept for the value function of prospect theory by Kazuo Sano

“…The neural system responds differently to losses and gains. Five new studies on neurons related to this issue have examined neuronal responses to losses, gains, and reference points. …”
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Impaired Autophagy of GABAergic Interneurons in Neuropathic Pain by Yuhua Yin, Min-Hee Yi, Dong Woon Kim

“…Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by lesions of the peripheral fibers and central neurons in the somatosensory nervous system and affects 7–10% of the general population. …”
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Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics by Gum Hwa Lee, Sang Seong Kim

“…Chronic pain originating from neuronal damage remains an incurable symptom debilitating patients. …”
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Microiontophoretic Application of Dynorphin in Dental Pain: Excitatory or Inhibitory Effects by Choi SH, Kim YM, Son JY, Ahn DK

“…Specifically, dynorphin A attenuated NMDA-evoked responses in 16 out of 32 neurons by 61 ± 6%, facilitated NMDA-evoked responses in 10 out of 32 neurons by 69 ± 17%, and elicited mixed inhibitory and facilitatory responses in six out of 32 neurons. …”
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Neuroplasticity and Neuroprotective Effect of Treadmill Training in the Chronic Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease by Ewelina Palasz, Wiktor Niewiadomski, Anna Gasiorowska, Anna Mietelska-Porowska, Grazyna Niewiadomska

“…Physical training confers protection to dopaminergic neurons in rodent models of parkinsonism produced by neurotoxins. …”
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Functions of Fasciculation and Elongation Protein Zeta-1 (FEZ1) in the Brain by Andrés D. Maturana, Toshitsugu Fujita, Shun'ichi Kuroda

“…Suppression of FEZ1 expression in cultured embryonic neurons causes deficiency of neuronal differentiation. …”
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Neurobiology of Vascular Dementia by Ana-Maria Enciu, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Laurenţiu M. Popescu, Dafin F. Mureşanu, Bogdan O. Popescu

“…The cell signaling defects and molecular dyshomeostasis might lead to neuronal malfunction prior to the death of neurons and the alteration of neuronal networks. …”
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Social Experience-Dependent Myelination: An Implication for Psychiatric Disorders by Michihiro Toritsuka, Manabu Makinodan, Toshifumi Kishimoto

“…It has been shown that myelin formation depends on genetic programing and experience, including multiple factors, intracellular and extracellular molecules, and neuronal activities. Recently, accumulating studies have shown that myelination in the central nervous system changes more dynamically in response to neuronal activities and experience than expected. …”
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Peripheral mitochondrial transplantation alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by suppressing cuproptosis by Juan Hu, Qiao Li, Shiqiu Jiang, Yingying Deng, Lan Yang, Mengyu Du, Shuxuan He, Fuxing Xu, Chaoying Yan, Wei Gao, Yansong Li, Yaomin Zhu

“…Mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal impairment are hallmark features of Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction (DACD), mitochondrial transplantation is also a therapeutic intervention for DACD. …”
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Time-lapse imaging of identified granule cells in the mouse dentate gyrus after entorhinal lesion in vitro reveals heterogeneous cellular responses to denervation by Davide Greco, Alexander Drakew, Nina Rößler, Nina Rößler, Tassilo Jungenitz, Peter Jedlicka, Peter Jedlicka, Thomas Deller

“…Denervation of neurons is a network consequence of brain injury. …”
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Lactoferrin alleviates the adverse effects of early-life inflammation on depression in adults by regulating the activation of microglia by Wenli Wang, Qin An, Yunxia Zou, Yunping Dai, Qingyong Meng, Yali Zhang

“…In contrast, recombinant human lactoferrin promotes neuronal proliferation by upregulating ERK 1 and 2 phosphorylation and attenuates LPS-induced neuronal injury and microglial activation by inhibiting the activation of Toll-like receptor 4—nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in vitro. …”
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Tau mediates the reshaping of the transcriptional landscape toward intermediate Alzheimer’s disease stages by Giacomo Siano, Giacomo Siano, Martina Varisco, Marco Terrigno, Congwei Wang, Arianna Scarlatti, Vincenzo Iannone, Marco Groth, Marie-Christine Galas, Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans, Alessandro Cellerino, Alessandro Cellerino, Antonino Cattaneo, Cristina Di Primio

“…IntroductionRecent research revealed that Tau plays critical roles in various neuronal functions. We previously demonstrated that destabilization and nuclear delocalization of Tau alter the expression of glutamatergic genes, mediating early neuronal damage.MethodsIn this study, we discovered that changes in Tau availability are linked to global alterations in gene expression that affect multiple neuronal pathways. …”
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Multi-level encoding of reward, effort, and choice across the frontal cortex and basal ganglia during cost-benefit decision-making by Oliver Härmson, Isaac Grennan, Brook Perry, Robert Toth, Colin G. McNamara, Timothy Denison, Hayriye Cagnan, Sanjay G. Manohar, Mark E. Walton, Andrew Sharott

“…Summary: Adaptive value-guided decision-making requires weighing up the costs and benefits of pursuing an available opportunity. Though neurons across frontal cortical-basal ganglia circuits have been repeatedly shown to represent decision-related parameters, it is unclear whether and how this information is coordinated. …”
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Downregulation of an Evolutionary Young miR-1290 in an iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cell Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Dalia Moore, Brittney M. Meays, Lepakshe S. V. Madduri, Farah Shahjin, Subhash Chand, Meng Niu, Abrar Albahrani, Chittibabu Guda, Gurudutt Pendyala, Howard S. Fox, Sowmya V. Yelamanchili

“…We previously have identified an evolutionary young miRNA, miR-1290, to be essential in neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Here, we show that miR-1290 is significantly downregulated during neuronal differentiation in reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cell- (iPSC-) derived neurons obtained from idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. …”
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Targeting Adult Neurogenesis for Poststroke Therapy by Jianfei Lu, Anatol Manaenko, Qin Hu

“…However, the majority of newborn neurons undergo programmed cell death (PCD) during the period of proliferation, migration, and integration. …”
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