tDCS cranial nerve Co-stimulation: Unveiling brainstem pathways involved in trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation in rats by Alireza Majdi, Liyi Chen, Lars E. Larsen, Robrecht Raedt, Myles Mc Laughlin

“…Background: The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are generally thought to result from the polarization of cortical neurons by the weak electric fields it creates. However, recent evidence suggests that some tDCS effects may be mediated through co-stimulation of peripheral or cranial nerves, particularly the trigeminal nerve (TN). …”
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Cerebellar lipid dysregulation in SCA3: A comparative study in patients and mice by Alexandra F. Putka, Varshasnata Mohanty, Stephanie M. Cologna, Hayley S. McLoughlin

“…In SCA3, a polyglutamine expansion in ATXN3 causes neuron loss in disease-vulnerable brain regions, resulting in progressive loss of coordination and ultimately death. …”
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麝香组分诱导成年大鼠骨髓间质干细胞体外定向分化为神经元样细胞的能力 by 肖庆忠, 李浩威, 黄少华

“…【方法】分别采用含麝香多肽或麝香酮的L-DMEM 培养基体外定向诱导第5 代至10 代的rBMMSCs , 并分别应用相差显微镜观察神经元样细胞和免疫细胞组化检测神经元样细胞所表达的神经干细胞特异性标 志(nestin)、神经元特异性标志[ 神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase , NSE)和神经丝蛋白(neurofilament , NF)] 及星 形胶质细胞特异性标志[ 胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glia fiber acid pro tein , GFAP)] , 并进行神经元样细胞记数分析。…”
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810-nm Photobiomodulation Evokes Glutamate Release in Normal and Rotenone-Dysfunctional Cortical Nerve Terminals by Modulating Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism by Silvia Ravera, Elisa Farsetti, Guido Maura, Manuela Marcoli, Matteo Bozzo, Chiara Cervetto, Andrea Amaroli

“…This evidence suggests that PBM, acting on mitochondria, could facilitate physiological communication within the neuron-astrocyte network through vesicular glutamate release, potentially regulating healthy brain function and brain dysfunction.…”
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Shuyu Capsules Relieve Premenstrual Syndrome Depression by Reducing 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR Expression in the Rat Brain by Fang Li, Jizhen Feng, Dongmei Gao, Jieqiong Wang, Chunhong Song, Sheng Wei, Mingqi Qiao

“…The effects of the Shuyu capsule on 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR expression in a rat model of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) depression and on 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR expression and hippocampal neuron 5-HT3 channel current were investigated, to elucidate its mechanism of action against PMS depression. …”
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Magnetic susceptibility components reveal different aspects of neurodegeneration in alpha-synucleinopathies by Oliver C. Kiersnowski, Pietro Mattioli, Lucia Argenti, Laura Avanzino, Francesco Calizzano, Andrea Diociasi, Laura Falcitano, Chunlei Liu, Mattia Losa, Federico Massa, Silvia Morbelli, Beatrice Orso, Elisa Pelosin, Stefano Raffa, Matteo Pardini, Dario Arnaldi, Luca Roccatagliata, Mauro Costagli

“…SBR Z-scores in the putamen correlated with increased PCS in the substantia nigra and reduced |DCS| in the putamen, which may reflect dopaminergic degeneration ascribable to iron accumulation and nigrostriatal neuron axonal loss, respectively.…”
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UDP-Induced Phagocytosis and ATP-Stimulated Chemotactic Migration Are Impaired in STIM1−/− Microglia In Vitro and In Vivo by Hye Min Lim, Heo Woon, Jung Woo Han, Yoshihiro Baba, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Min Goo Lee, Joo Young Kim

“…Their chemotactic migration defect was reproduced in vivo in embryonic brain; the aggregated number of STIM1−/− microglia in LPS- (lipopolysaccharide-) injected lesions was much smaller than that in wild-type microglia. Furthermore, the neuron phagoptosis activities of activated microglia were significantly diminished in the STIM1−/− microglia. …”
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Klasifikasi Pola Pergerakan Bola Mata Menggunakan Metode Multilayer Backpropagation by Karina Amadea, Fitra A. Bachtiar, Gusti Pangestu

“…Arsitektur Backpropagation yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan 1 hidden layer dengan 11 neuron pada hidden layer. Sedangkan untuk parameter-parameter yang digunakan yaitu learning rate sebesar 0,7 dan iterasi sebanyak 100 iterasi. …”
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Driver lines for studying associative learning in Drosophila by Yichun Shuai, Megan Sammons, Gabriella R Sterne, Karen L Hibbard, He Yang, Ching-Po Yang, Claire Managan, Igor Siwanowicz, Tzumin Lee, Gerald M Rubin, Glenn C Turner, Yoshinori Aso

“…Here we describe a new collection of over 800 split-GAL4 and split-LexA drivers that cover approximately 300 cell types, including sugar sensory neurons, putative nociceptive ascending neurons, olfactory and thermo-/hygro-sensory projection neurons, interneurons connected with the MB-extrinsic neurons, and various other cell types. …”
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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury by Jennifer M. Colón-Mercado, Aranza I. Torrado-Tapias, Iris K. Salgado, José M. Santiago, Samuel E. Ocasio Rivera, Dina P. Bracho-Rincon, Luis H. Pagan Rivera, Jorge D. Miranda

“…The excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and excitotoxicity. Our previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen. …”
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Evaluation of transcriptomic changes after photobiomodulation in spinal cord injury by Andrew R. Stevens, Mohammed Hadis, Hannah Alldrit, Michael R. Milward, Valentina Di Pietro, Deena M. A. Gendoo, Antonio Belli, William Palin, David J. Davies, Zubair Ahmed

“…Key pathways were significantly enriched, including 8.6-fold enrichment of “neuron projection morphogenesis” (adjusted p = 8.10 × 10− 14), with upregulation of Notch3, Slit1/Robo2 and Sema3g pathways. …”
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Mechanistic insights into “Three Methods and Three Acupoints” Tuina therapy for improving spinal microcirculation and motor function in sciatic nerve injury model rats by Hanyu Zhang, Yingqi Zhang, Hourong Wang, Jiayue Liu, Jiawei Sun, Jinping Chen, Zhifeng Liu, Tianyuan Yu, Jian Shu

“…CD31 and α-SMA in the ventral horn of SNI model rats were detected using immunofluorescence. Motor neurons in the ventral horn were detected by Nissl staining. …”
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HDAC6 inhibitor-loaded brain-targeted nanocarrier-mediated neuroprotection in methamphetamine-driven Parkinson's disease by Khang-Yen Pham, Shristi Khanal, Ganesh Bohara, Nikesh Rimal, Sang-Hoon Song, Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen, In-Sun Hong, Jinkyung Cho, Jong-Sun Kang, Sooyeun Lee, Dong-Young Choi, Simmyung Yook

“…Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder marked by α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation and dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra, is associated with a disruption of this balance. …”
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The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) by Jun Sun, Jian Wu, Sheng-Yuan Sun, Zhi-Dong Chen, Guy Smagghe, Jin-Jun Wang, Dan-Dan Wei

“…Result Using HMMER method and manual annotation, we have identified common gene families associated with olfactory processes, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Specifically, we identified 94, 118, 26, 47, and 34 olfactory-related genes in L. bostrychophila, L. tricolor, L. entomophila, L. decolor, and L. yangi, respectively. …”
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GENI as an AMPK Activator Binds α and γ Subunits and Improves the Memory Dysfunction of Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models via Autophagy and Neuroprotection by Ying Wang, Lanjie Li, Danni Chen, Jiaheng Shan, Meijuan Yi, Hiroyuki Osada, Minoru Yoshida, Lan Xiang, Jianhua Qi

“…GENI exerts anti-AD efficacy in galactose-induced AD mice and naturally aging mice with AD through neuroprotection and modification of autophagy and neuron inflammation. Moreover, AMPK as the target protein of GENI to produce an anti-AD effect is identified and the ASP148, ASP157, and ASP166 of the AMPK α subunit and lysine (LYS)148, aspartic acid (ASP)156, LYS309, and ASP316 in the AMPK γ subunit as binding sites are confirmed. …”
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A variant in GRN of Spanish origin presenting with heterogeneous phenotypes by M. Menéndez-González, A. García-Martínez, I. Fernández-Vega, A. Pitiot, V. Álvarez

“…Results: Phenotypes were strikingly different, including cases presenting with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, rapidly progressive motor neuron disease (pathologically documented), and tremor-dominant parkinsonism. …”
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Corneal Reinnervation and Sensitivity Recovery after Pterygium Excision by ZhanLin Zhao, JiaYing Zhang, Hong Liang, SiYi Zhang, ChunYi Shao, XianQun Fan, Yao Fu

“…Subbasal nerve density and other nerve parameters were analyzed using NeuronJ. Nerve tortuosity was evaluated and graded in individual IVCM scans. …”
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Mechanism of Swimming Exercise Intervention on Rats with Vascular Dementia Based on PERK/ATF4/CHOP Pathway by LIU Fang, LI Mengxing, WANG Yu, TANG Wei

“…After four weeks of intervention, Morris water maze experiment was used to observe behavioral changes of rats; transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the relative expression levels of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA and protein.Results(1) Behavioral changes: compared with the sham operation group, the average escape latency in the model group was significantly prolonged, and the number of platform crossing significantly reduced, and the differences were statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). …”
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Unraveling the genetic mysteries of spinal muscular atrophy in Chinese families by Shanshan Gao, Duo Chen, Qianqian Li, Xuechao Zhao, Chen Chen, Lina Liu, Miao Jiang, Zhenhua Zhao, Yanhua Wang, Xiangdong Kong

“…Abstract Objective Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disorder encompassing 5q and non-5q forms, causing muscle weakness and atrophy due to spinal cord cell degeneration. …”
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Impacts of home-based physical exercises on the health of people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review by José Igor Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Lúcia Inês Guedes Leite de Oliveira, Manoel da Cunha Costa, Raphael José Perrier-Melo, Mário Antônio de Moura Simim, Saulo Fernandes Melo de Oliveira

“…We observed that the focus of the interventions was the morphological, motor neuron, quality of life and functional aspects. The studies showed improvements in muscle strength and morphology, in the ability to perform daily activities, in quality of life and in functional capacities, with no reported adverse situations. …”
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