Opposing roles of p38α-mediated phosphorylation and PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation in driving TDP-43 proteinopathy by Mari Aikio, Hana M. Odeh, Heike J. Wobst, Bo Lim Lee, Úna Chan, Jocelyn C. Mauna, Korrie L. Mack, Bradley Class, Thomas A. Ollerhead, Alice F. Ford, Edward M. Barbieri, Ryan R. Cupo, Lauren E. Drake, Joshua L. Smalley, Yuan-Ta Lin, Stephanie Lam, Reuben Thomas, Nicholas Castello, Ashmita Baral, Jenna N. Beyer, Mohd A. Najar, John Dunlop, Aaron D. Gitler, Ashkan Javaherian, Julia A. Kaye, George M. Burslem, Dean G. Brown, Christopher J. Donnelly, Steven Finkbeiner, Stephen J. Moss, Nicholas J. Brandon, James Shorter

“…Remarkably, p38α MAPK inhibition mitigates aberrant TDP-43 phenotypes in diverse ALS patient-derived motor neurons. p38α MAPK phosphorylates TDP-43 at pathological S409/S410 and S292, which reduces TDP-43 liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) but allows pathological TDP-43 aggregation. …”
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Early life psychosocial stress increases binge-like ethanol consumption and CSF1R inhibition prevents stress-induced alterations in microglia and brain macrophage population densit... by Stephen C. Gironda, Samuel W. Centanni, Jeffrey L. Weiner

“…During ELS, microglia and brain macrophages alter their engagement with synapses leading to changes in neuronal excitability. Further, ELS can induce innate immune memory formation in microglia and brain macrophages resulting in altered responsivity to future environmental stimuli. …”
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Role of insulin-like growth factor-2 in Alzheimer’s disease induced memory impairment and underlying mechanisms by Ruiqi Chen, Xing Lu, Anqi Xiao, Junpeng Ma, Junpeng Ma

“…These effects are primarily caused by the IGF2 receptor, which is widely expressed in neurons and controls protein trafficking, synthesis, and degradation. …”
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Procoagulant Phospholipids and Tissue Factor Activity in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Intracerebral Haemorrhage by Patrick Van Dreden, Guy Hue, Jean-François Dreyfus, Barry Woodhams, Marc Vasse

“…Brain contains large amounts of tissue factor, the major initiator of the coagulation cascade. Neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) leads to the shedding of procoagulant phospholipids (PPLs). …”
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RETRACTED: Associations of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with risk of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analy... by Yanjun Du, Peizhen Geng, Qunqun Chen, Laixi Han, Lu Liu, Maoquan Yang, Mingzhu Tan, Jun Meng, Xiaojuan Sun, Lidan Feng

“…Vitamin D is a lipid soluble steroid hormone, which plays a critical role in the calcium homeostasis, neuronal development, cellular differentiation, and growth by binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). …”
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Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids Induces Unexpected Deleterious Effects on Astrocyte Survival and Intracellular Metabolism with or without Hyperammonemia: A Prelimin... by Ting Wang, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Toshimi Chiba, Keisuke Kakisaka, Yasuhiro Takikawa

“…We performed cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests on astrocytes following BCAA treatment with and without ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and then compared the results with the effects of BCAA on hepatocytes and neurons. Subsequently, we used metabolomic analysis to investigate intracellular metabolite levels in astrocytes with and without BCAA treatment. …”
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Impacts of hexafluoropropylene oxide tetrameric acid (HFPO-TeA) on neurodevelopment and GABAergic signaling in zebrafish larvae by Linlin Wu, Jian Wang, Heyong Ye, Yiyang Yao, Miaoyang Hu, Jie Cheng, Lingcan Kong, Wenwei Liu, Feng Ge

“…Simultaneously, transgenic zebrafish exhibited that exposure to HFPO-TeA impedes the growth of GABAergic neurons. Moreover, the molecular docking analysis indicated that GABAA receptors might be the potential targets of HFPO-TeA. …”
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Neuroligin-3 R451C induces gain-of-function gene expression in astroglia in an astroglia-enriched brain organoid model by Rui Dang, Mridul Dalmia, Ziyuan Ma, Mengmeng Jin, Kushal Aluru, Vincent R. Mirabella, Ava V. Papetti, Li Cai, Peng Jiang

“…Cell adhesion molecules, such as NRXN and NLGN, are essential in regulating interactions between astroglia and neurons. We further discovered that brain organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) harboring the autism-associated NLGN3 R451C mutation exhibit increased astrogliogenesis. …”
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FGF2 Attenuates Neural Cell Death via Suppressing Autophagy after Rat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by Chonghui Tang, Yudong Shan, Yilan Hu, Zhanjian Fang, Yun Tong, Mengdan Chen, Xiaojie Wei, Xiaojun Fu, Xinlong Xu

“…Our results indicated that pretreatment of FGF2 played a neuroprotective role in the early stage of rat mild TBI through alleviating brain edema, reducing neurological deficits, preventing tissue loss, and increasing the number of surviving neurons in injured cortex and the ipsilateral hippocampus. …”
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Molecular Mechanisms Linking Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Gut–Brain Axis by Anna Zinkow, Wojciech Grodzicki, Malwina Czerwińska, Katarzyna Dziendzikowska

“…The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS) through neuronal, endocrine, metabolic, and immune pathways. …”
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Consumption of a High-Fat Diet Alters Perineuronal Nets in the Prefrontal Cortex by P. M. Dingess, J. H. Harkness, M. Slaker, Z. Zhang, S. S. Wulff, B. A. Sorg, T. E. Brown

“…A key factor in the development of obesity is the overconsumption of fatty foods, which, in addition to facilitating weight gain, alters neuronal structures within brain reward circuitry. …”
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Adaptive Evolutionary Optimization of Deep Learning Architectures for Focused Liver Ultrasound Image Segmentation by Ali Zifan, Katelyn Zhao, Madilyn Lee, Zihan Peng, Laura J. Roney, Sarayu Pai, Jake T. Weeks, Michael S. Middleton, Ahmed El Kaffas, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Claude B. Sirlin

“…The algorithm simultaneously adjusts the depth (number of layers) and width (neurons per layer) of the network, dropout, and skip connections. …”
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Hepatic encephalopathy: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment by Ch. S. Pavlov, I. V. Damulin, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Some believe, that the leading part is played by the effect of hyperammoniemia on neuronal functions; the others give major importance to the change in aminoacid spectrum and neurotransmitter disorders; the third give the most attention to elevation of mercaptan concentration and level of shortchain fatty acids, change of GABA-benzodiazepine complex function. …”
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Research Progress of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Therapy for Cognitive Impairment after Stroke by LIU Yuanchen, ZHANG Lixin

“…The stimulation site is usually the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, but researchers have also confirmed the effectiveness of other stimulation sites, such as the bilateral M1 area and right parietal cortex. tDCS improves cognitive function by affecting neurotransmitters (such as calcium ions and γ-aminobutyric acid in astrocytes), the state of neurons, cerebral blood flow, and the connectivity of functional areas of the brain. tDCS not only produces an immediate boosting effect and an after-effect that is effective about 1 hour after stimulation, but also has long-term enhancement (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) effects. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting on Learning and Memory of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injuried Rats Via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy by Congkuai ZHAO, Weilin LIU, Ruhui LIN, Jing TAO

“…The ratio of left content to right content of N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) and Choline-containing compounds (Cho) was improved respectively, and the change of Glutamate (Glu) was not significant (<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05).Conclusion:EA at DU20 and DU24 acupoints can improve the ability of learning and memory after FCIR by enhancing NAA and Cho metabolism of hippocampus and protecting neurons in rats.…”
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Behavioral phenotyping of Kaiso-deficient mice by V. S. Korostina, A. V. Kulikov

“…The Kaiso-deficient strain is a new and promising model of the genetic, molecular, and neuronal mechanisms mediating the epigenetic regulation of brain functions and behavior.…”
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Quantifying spectral information about source separation in multisource odour plumes. by Sina Tootoonian, Aaron C True, Elle Stark, John P Crimaldi, Andreas T Schaefer

“…For example, mice are able to distinguish correlated and anti-correlated odour fluctuations at frequencies up to 40 Hz, while insect olfactory receptor neurons can resolve fluctuations exceeding 100 Hz. …”
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Kisspeptin is elevated in the brain after intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke by Saumya Maheshwari, In Hwa Um, Struan Donachie, Nafeesa Asghar, Karina McDade, Tracey Millar, David J. Harrison, Javier A. Tello

“…Machine learning and artificial intelligence-enabled image analysis of multiplexed immunolabeled brain tissues demonstrated that kisspeptin immunoreactivity was higher in cells of the microvasculature (CD105+), but not in neurons or astrocytes when compared to controls. Further spatial analysis indicated that kisspeptin immunoreactivity was concentrated to the region of haemorrhage. …”
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Scutellarin combined with lidocaine exerts antineoplastic effect in human glioma associated with repression of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. by Xiu-Ying He, Yui-Si Yang, Yue-Xiang Zheng, Qing-Jie Xia, Hong-Zhou Yu, Xiao-Ming Zhao, Ting-Hua Wang

“…Above all, the toxicity of SCU and its combination with lidocaine was low to normal astrocytes and neurons. Mechanistically, the effect of SCU and its combination with lidocaine on glioma cells was partially associated with the repression of EGFR signaling.…”
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miR-223 Inhibits the Polarization and Recruitment of Macrophages via NLRP3/IL-1β Pathway to Meliorate Neuropathic Pain by Junsong Zhu, Jinmei Yang, Jianguo Xu

“…Flow cytometry was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis and the proportion of M1/M2 macrophages in each group. …”
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