EFFECT OF Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC EXTRACT ON THE INCREASE OF BRAIN CELLS IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA OF WISTAR RATS THAT ARE ROTENONE-INDUCED by Shalli hafizha, Binarwan Halim, Linda Chiuman

“… Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to the decline of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, with motor and non-motor symptoms. …”
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A systematic review of progenitor survival and maturation in Parkinsonian models by Giulia Comini, Eilís Dowd

“…The ultimate clinical success of stem cell–derived brain repair will depend on both the safety and efficacy of the approach and the latter is dependent on the ability of the transplanted cells to survive and differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinsonian brain. Because the pre-clinical literature suggests that there is considerable variability in survival and differentiation between studies, the aim of this systematic review was to assess these parameters in human stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor transplant studies in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. …”
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MRI-guided focused ultrasound for treating Parkinson’s disease with human mesenchymal stem cells by Sheng-Kai Wu, Chia-Lin Tsai, Aisha Mir, Kullervo Hynynen

“…In the quantification analysis of the TH stain, a significant reservation of dopamine neurons was seen in the MSCs + FUS group as compared with the MSCs group (ST: p = 0.03; SN: p = 0.0005). …”
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Trigonelline exerts its neuroprotective effects in experimental spinal cord injury through modulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and neurotrophic factors by Zhi-Lan Ye, Yuan Cao

“…Histological examination of spinal cord tissue indicated that trigonelline significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated the histological damage caused by SCI, thereby improving neuronal degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, and necrosis. …”
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The Cul3 ubiquitin ligase engages Insomniac as an adaptor to impact sleep and synaptic homeostasis. by Qiuling Li, Kayla Y Lim, Raad Altawell, Faith Verderose, Xiling Li, Wanying Dong, Joshua Martinez, Dion Dickman, Nicholas Stavropoulos

“…Inc levels are negatively regulated by Cul3 in neurons, consistent with Inc degradation by autocatalytic ubiquitination, a hallmark of Cullin adaptors. …”
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Opicapone, a Novel Catechol-O-methyl Transferase Inhibitor, for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease "Off" Episodes by Amnon A. Berger, Ariel Winnick, Jonathan Izygon, Binil M. Jacob, Jessica S. Kaye, Rachel J. Kaye, Elisa E. Neuchat, Adam M. Kaye, Edward S. Alpaugh, Elyse M. Cornett, Andrew H. Han, Alan D. Kaye

“…The traditional pathogenesis theory of PD involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Classically, treatment is pursued with an assortment of medications that are directed at overcoming this deficiency with levodopa being central to most treatment plans. …”
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Do cytokines play a role in the transition from acute to chronic musculoskeletal pain? by Andrea Ebersberger, Hans-Georg Schaible

“…In numerous experimental non-human studies, cytokines have been shown to alter neuronal sensitivity in the peripheral and central nociceptive systems. …”
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The impact of apolipoprotein E, type ∊4 allele on Alzheimer's disease pathological biomarkers: a comprehensive post-mortem pilot-analysis. by Ziyu Wan, Tao Ma

“…Furthermore, our analysis does not observe dramatic neuronal changes in grey matter across the span of AD pathology. …”
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Comparison of 3 T and 1.5 T MRI in the evaluation of epilepsy by D. Runkauskaitė, T. Liakina, R. Mameniškienė

“…Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder characterized by a long-term tendency to generate epileptic seizures due to excessive or synchronous activity in the neurons in brains. Most patients achieve adequate seizure control by taking antiepileptic drugs and have a good medication effect, however 20–30% of patients continue suffering from recurrent epileptic seizures. …”
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An overview of methods for the treatment and diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical case analysis by M. Š. Markevičiūtė, M. Karnickas, A. Bagdonaitė

“…A distinctive pathological feature of DLB is the multiple Lewy bodies – eosinophilic hyaline inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons that are detected in the brain at autopsy. …”
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Recursive seed amplification detects distinct α-synuclein strains in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson’s disease by Stefan Bräuer, Iñaki Schniewind, Elisabeth Dinter, Björn H. Falkenburger

“…Pathologically, it is characterized by neuronal inclusions containing misfolded, fibrillar alpha-synuclein (aSyn). …”
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Tau phosphorylation suppresses oxidative stress-induced mitophagy via FKBP8 receptor modulation. by Michael O Isei, Meredith Crockett, Emily Chen, Joel Rodwell-Bullock, Trae Carroll, Peter A Girardi, Keith Nehrke, Gail V W Johnson

“…Here, we use immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell lines to extend that result into mammalian cells. …”
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Decreased Hsp90 activity protects against TDP-43 neurotoxicity in a C. elegans model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. by Laura Garcia-Toscano, Heather N Currey, Joshua C Hincks, Jade G Stair, Nicolas J Lehrbach, Nicole F Liachko

“…Neuronal inclusions of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 are hallmarks of disease for most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). …”
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Optimizing photovoltaic power plant forecasting with dynamic neural network structure refinement by Dácil Díaz-Bello, Carlos Vargas-Salgado, Manuel Alcazar-Ortega, David Alfonso-Solar

“…This methodology dynamically adjusts the neural network parameters during training, including the number of neurons, transfer functions, weights, and biases, to minimize the root mean square error. …”
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Feasibility study of PET/CT for the detection and localization of nervous system damage caused by trimethyltin chloride by Anqing Liu, Qingqiang Tu, Ming Huang

“…Moreover, TMT induced neuronal damage within the cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG regions as well as the cerebellum while also promoting gliosis surrounding the hippocampus. …”
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Acute β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine Toxicity in a Mouse Model by Maitham Ahmed Al-Sammak, Douglas G. Rogers, Kyle D. Hoagland

“…The cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is considered to be an “excitotoxin,” and its suggested mechanism of action is killing neurons. Long-term exposure to L-BMAA is believed to lead to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). …”
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Application of Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia on Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Shaheen E. Lakhan, Fabricio Pamplona

“…Stroke occurs due to an interruption in cerebral blood supply affecting neuronal function. Body temperature on hospital admission is an important predictor of clinical outcome. …”
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Minimal presynaptic protein machinery governing diverse kinetics of calcium-evoked neurotransmitter release by Dipayan Bose, Manindra Bera, Christopher A. Norman, Yulia Timofeeva, Kirill E. Volynski, Shyam S. Krishnakumar

“…Under conditions mimicking sustained neuronal activity, the Synaptotagmin-7 fusion clamp is destabilized by the elevated basal calcium concentration, thereby enhancing the synchronous component of fusion. …”
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High-Affinity Detection of Alpha-Synuclein by Aptamer-Gold Conjugates on an Amine-Modified Dielectric Surface by Xuemei You, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Thangavel Lakshmipriya, Dingan Li

“…Alpha-synuclein is a biomarker closely correlated with the CNS and PD. The loss of neuronal cells in the substantia nigra leads to the aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies, and Lewy neuritis is a neuropathological hallmark. …”
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Adenosine A2A Receptors Modulate Acute Injury and Neuroinflammation in Brain Ischemia by Felicita Pedata, Anna Maria Pugliese, Elisabetta Coppi, Ilaria Dettori, Giovanna Maraula, Lucrezia Cellai, Alessia Melani

“…Adenosine A2A receptor is expressed in neurons and glial cells and in inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and granulocytes). …”
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