Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Recent Advancements by Andrea Gomez Palacio Schjetnan, Jamshid Faraji, Gerlinde A. Metz, Masami Tatsuno, Artur Luczak

“…The pathological processes following stroke may provide an exemplary system to investigate how tDCS promotes neuronal plasticity and functional recovery. Changes in synaptic function after stroke, such as reduced excitability, formation of aberrant connections, and deregulated plastic modifications, have been postulated to impede recovery from stroke. …”
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Stem Cell: Pathophysiology and Update on Recent Treatment Modalities by Cesar Reis, Vadim Gospodarev, Haley Reis, Michael Wilkinson, Josileide Gaio, Camila Araujo, Sheng Chen, John H. Zhang

“…In the acute phase, brain tissue destroyed upon impact includes neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, the latter of which makes up the blood-brain barrier. …”
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Effect of Carboxymethyl chitosan-sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with Astragalus membranaceus-Panax notoginseng on wound healing in rats by Jing Li, Jing Li, Linai Li, Yue Yu, Ruixin Qin, Chaoyan Yu, Chen Chen, Youming Dong, Yadong Tan, Yunen Liu, Xuanli Liu

“…Increased expression of catalase, VEGF, and PGP9.5 of wound tissue indicated that APCS hydrogels inhibited oxidative stress and promoted vascular and neuronal regeneration. In summary, the APCS hydrogel displayed great potential as a dressing for achieving satisfactory healing of full-thickness wounds.…”
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Materials and devices for high‐density, high‐throughput micro‐electrocorticography arrays by Yang Xie, Yanxiu Peng, Jinhong Guo, Muyang Liu, Bozhen Zhang, Lan Yin, He Ding, Xing Sheng

“…First, we summarize the challenges associated with accurately recording single or multiple neurons using existing µECoG devices, including passive multielectrode and active transistor arrays. …”
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Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Neuropathy: Futuristic Strategies Based on These Targets by Reddemma Sandireddy, Veera Ganesh Yerra, Aparna Areti, Prashanth Komirishetty, Ashutosh Kumar

“…Several theories of etiologies surfaced down the lane, amongst which the oxidative stress mediated damage in neurons and surrounding glial cell has gained attention as one of the vital mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neuropathy. …”
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5 (CDKL5): Possible Cellular Signalling Targets and Involvement in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder by Syouichi Katayama, Noriyuki Sueyoshi, Tetsuya Inazu, Isamu Kameshita

“…Thereafter, a mutation in CDKL5 was reported in individuals with the atypical Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder, suggesting that CDKL5 plays an important regulatory role in neuronal function. The disease associated with CDKL5 mutation has recently been recognised as CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) and has been distinguished from the Rett syndrome owing to its symptomatic manifestation. …”
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MicroRNAs-Proteomic Networks Characterizing Human Medulloblastoma-SLCs by Giuseppina Catanzaro, Zein Mersini Besharat, Neha Garg, Maurizio Ronci, Luisa Pieroni, Evelina Miele, Angela Mastronuzzi, Andrea Carai, Vincenzo Alfano, Agnese Po, Isabella Screpanti, Franco Locatelli, Andrea Urbani, Elisabetta Ferretti

“…Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor of pediatric age and is characterized by cells expressing stem, astroglial, and neuronal markers. Among them, stem-like cells (hMB-SLCs) represent a fraction of the tumor cell population with the potential of self-renewal and proliferation and have been associated with tumor poor prognosis. …”
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Integrative multiomics reveals common endotypes across PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP mutations in familial Alzheimer’s disease by Phoebe Valdes, Andrew B. Caldwell, Qing Liu, Michael Q. Fitzgerald, Srinivasan Ramachandran, Celeste M. Karch, Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), Douglas R. Galasko, Shauna H. Yuan, Steven L. Wagner, Shankar Subramaniam

“…Methods We examined whether common disease endotypes exist across these mutations with a later AAO (~ 55 years) using hiPSC-derived neurons from familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) patients harboring mutations in PSEN1 A79V , PSEN2 N141I , and APP V717I and mechanistically characterized by integrating RNA-seq and ATAC-seq. …”
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Virally-initiated pain states: phenotypes, mechanisms, and future directions by Sara A. Dochnal, Steven P. Cohen, Mark R. Hutchinson, Mark R. Hutchinson, Mark R. Hutchinson, Yury I. Miller, Tony L. Yaksh

“…These virally induced pain states can arise through direct viral replication within neurons, or indirectly, via immune responses to infection in both the contexts of afferent signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or subsequent higher order integration in intracranial systems. …”
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Current Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Technology for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review by Lei Lu, Ying Jiang, Ravindran Jaganathan, Yanli Hao

“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is classically defined by its vascular lesions and damage in the neurons of the retina. The cellular and clinical elements of DR have many features of chronic inflammation. …”
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Efficient Hardware Implementation of a Multi-Layer Gradient-Free Online-Trainable Spiking Neural Network on FPGA by Ali Mehrabi, Yeshwanth Bethi, Andre van Schaik, Andrew Wabnitz, Saeed Afshar

“…By using simple local adaptive selection thresholds, a Winner-Take-All (WTA) constraint on each layer, and a modified weight update rule that is more amenable to hardware, the trainer module allocates neuronal resources optimally at each layer without having to pass high-precision error measurements across layers. …”
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ClearFinder: a Python GUI for annotating cells in cleared mouse brain by Stefan Pastore, Philipp Hillenbrand, Nils Molnar, Irina Kovlyagina, Monika Chanu Chongtham, Stanislav Sys, Beat Lutz, Margarita Tevosian, Susanne Gerber

“…ClearMap and CellFinder are tools for analyzing neuronal activity maps in an intact volume of cleared mouse brains. …”
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Human APP Gene Expression Alters Active Zone Distribution and Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction by Ekaterina A. Saburova, Alexander N. Vasiliev, Violetta V. Kravtsova, Elena V. Ryabova, Andrey L. Zefirov, Olga I. Bolshakova, Svetlana V. Sarantseva, Igor I. Krivoi

“…To express human genes in motor neurons of Drosophila, the UAS-GAL4 system was used. …”
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Biological properties of Moringa oleifera: A systematic review of the last decade [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] by Andrea Catalina Gómez, Javier Andrés Soto, C. A. Zuniga-Gonzalez, Karen Shirley Molina, Andrea Natalia Barreto, Maryeli Vásquez

“…Results Moringa oleifera extracts showed antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and cytoprotective properties at neuronal, hepatic, renal and cardiac levels. Besides, cytotoxic effects, apoptotic and antiploriferative activity against several cancer cell lines has been demonstrated. …”
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Mechanism of Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting Alleviating Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury via Regulating BNIP3L-Mediated Mitophagy by ZHONG Xiaoyong, LI Cheng, WANG Fang, CHEN Bin, LIANG Hui, RUAN Su

“…In the model group, neurons shrank, the cytoplasmic structure was unclear, cytoplasmic eosinophilic staining was enhanced, Nissl bodies gathered or disappeared, nuclear pyknosis, and some cell bodies deformed and shrunk to triangles and the spaces around the cells widened. …”
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The Effect of long-term rapamycin administration on intracellular calcium quantification and RhoA activity in kainic acid epilepsy model by Machlusil Husna, Kusworini Handono, Hidayat Sujuti, Aulanni’am Aulanni’am, Rumman Karimah, Afiyfah Kiysa Waafi, Alya Satira

“…Among the several effects of seizures on neurons is an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and activation of RhoA. …”
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Nanoparticle Therapy Is a Promising Approach in the Management and Prevention of Many Diseases: Does It Help in Curing Alzheimer Disease? by Lamyaa M. Kassem, Nada A. Ibrahim, S. Ayesha Farhana

“…Gene delivery vehicles and nanocarriers including neurotrophic factors are promising therapeutics for many NDDs, and they can modulate neuronal survival and synaptic connectivity. Neurotrophic factors when integrated with the nanotechnological approaches can pass the BBB merely, representing a significant challenging track. …”
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Too Aggressive Drop in Blood Pressure in a Hypertensive Male Leading to “Man-in-the-Barrel Syndrome” by Chamara Dalugama, Achila Jayasinghe, Udaya Ralapanawa, Shamali Abeygunawardena, Thilak Jayalath

“…It has been described in various neuropathological conditions affecting the cerebral hemispheres, pons, upper spinal cord, and peripheral neurons. Severe hypotension leading to watershed infarctions leading to this phenotype has been reported. …”
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Epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response in stroke by Jingyi Liang, Fei Yang, Zixiao Li, Qian Li

“…Immunologic mechanisms play a critical role in secondary brain injury following a stroke, which manifests as cytokine release, blood–brain barrier disruption, neuronal cell death, and ultimately behavioral impairment. …”
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The effect of culture media and seeding densities on the human malignant testicular germ cell line (NT2/D1) growth pattern by Rawabi S. Altuwayjiri, Ibtesam S. Almami

“…The NT2/D1 cell line, a pluripotent embryonal carcinoma, is valuable in cancer and developmental biology research due to its differentiation potential into neurons and glial cells. Although Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is often used to promote cell growth, its limitations necessitate optimized culture conditions. …”
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