Global remapping emerges as the mechanism for renewal of context-dependent behavior in a reinforcement learning model by David Kappel, Sen Cheng

“…A significant proportion of neurons in deeper layers of the network are tuned to a specific spatial position of the agent in the environment—similar to place cells in the hippocampus. …”
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A follow-up study of effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential by Suman Chalotra, Chandrahas Chandanshive, Nikhil Bhagwat

“…It is known to impact neuronal function and lead to generalized neuropathy. …”
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Dynamic localization of glucokinase and its regulatory protein in hypothalamic tanycytes. by Magdiel Salgado, Estefanía Tarifeño-Saldivia, Patricio Ordenes, Carola Millán, María José Yañez, Paula Llanos, Marcos Villagra, Roberto Elizondo-Vega, Fernando Martínez, Francisco Nualart, Elena Uribe, María de Los Angeles García-Robles

“…Glucokinase (GK), the hexokinase involved in glucose sensing in pancreatic β cells, is also expressed in hypothalamic tanycytes, which cover the ventricular walls of the basal hypothalamus and are implicated in an indirect control of neuronal activity by glucose. Previously, we demonstrated that GK was preferentially localized in tanycyte nuclei in euglycemic rats, which has been reported in hepatocytes and is suggestive of the presence of the GK regulatory protein, GKRP. …”
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Cortical direction selectivity increases from the input to the output layers of visual cortex. by Weifeng Dai, Tian Wang, Yang Li, Yi Yang, Yange Zhang, Yujie Wu, Tingting Zhou, Hongbo Yu, Liang Li, Yizheng Wang, Gang Wang, Dajun Xing

“…Sensitivity to motion direction is a feature of visual neurons that is essential for motion perception. Recent studies have suggested that direction selectivity is re-established at multiple stages throughout the visual hierarchy, which contradicts the traditional assumption that direction selectivity in later stages largely derives from that in earlier stages. …”
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Cortical and Subcortical Contributions to Neuroplasticity after Repetitive Transspinal Stimulation in Humans by Lynda M. Murray, Md. Anamul Islam, Maria Knikou

“…These findings support the notion that repetitive transspinal stimulation decreases corticocortical inputs onto corticospinal neurons and promotes a surround inhibition in the spinal cord and nerve axons. …”
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Dynamic development of microglia and macrophages after spinal cord injury by Hu-Yao Zhou, Xia Wang, Yi Li, Duan Wang, Xuan-Zi Zhou, Nong Xiao, Guo-Xing Li, Gang Li

“…Regarding macrophages, our findings highlighted abundant communication with other cells, including fibroblasts and neurons. Both pro-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of macrophages were also identified; the pro-inflammatory effect may be related to integrin β2 (Itgb2) and the neuroprotective effect may be related to the oncostatin M pathway. …”
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AReLU: Agile Rectified Linear Unit for Improving Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks by Fu Chen, Yepeng Guan

“…Furthermore, a specific initialization method for neurons in PLCFI is proposed to facilitate model convergence, called imitative initialization. …”
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The Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase2 (PMCA2) Is Involved in the Regulation of Purkinje Cell Dendritic Growth in Cerebellar Organotypic Slice Cultures by Pradeep Sherkhane, Josef P. Kapfhammer

“…Purkinje cells are the principal neurons of the cerebellar cortex and have an extensive and elaborate dendritic tree. …”
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Forecasting Stock Prices of Companies Producing Solar Panels Using Machine Learning Methods by Zaffar A. Shaikh, Andrey Kraikin, Alexey Mikhaylov, Gabor Pinter

“…Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions were made: 20 neurons of the network is not enough to make an accurate forecast, but the level of confidence in such a forecast is high enough, neural network forecasts are applicable in investing and are accurate enough to determine medium- and long-term trends, but these forecasts are not applicable for traders. …”
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Why It Is Not Always Anxiety: A Tough Diagnosis of Stiff Person Syndrome by Carmen Elena Cervantes, Hsien Lee Lau, Tina Ataian Binazir, Keith O. O’Brien, Jonathan S. Cross

“…In SPS, antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) most commonly target the GAD antigen on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. The goal of treatment is to ameliorate symptoms and improve quality of life. …”
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Structural Predictive Model of Presenilin-2 Protein and Analysis of Structural Effects of Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Mutations by Alejandro Soto-Ospina, Pedronel Araque Marín, Gabriel de Jesús Bedoya, Andrés Villegas Lanau

“…Alzheimer’s disease manifests itself in brain tissue by neuronal death, due to aggregation of β-amyloid, produced by senile plaques, and hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, which produces neurofibrillary tangles. …”
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Mechanisms and Consequences of Dopamine Depletion-Induced Attenuation of the Spinophilin/Neurofilament Medium Interaction by Andrew C. Hiday, Michael C. Edler, Asma B. Salek, Cameron W. Morris, Morrent Thang, Tyler J. Rentz, Kristie L. Rose, Lisa M. Jones, Anthony J. Baucum

“…Signaling changes that occur in the striatum following the loss of dopamine neurons in the Parkinson disease (PD) are poorly understood. …”
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Large and Small Dendritic Spines Serve Different Interacting Functions in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Homeostasis by Joshua J. W. Paulin, Peter Haslehurst, Alexander D. Fellows, Wenfei Liu, Joshua D. Jackson, Zelah Joel, Damian M. Cummings, Frances A. Edwards

“…Using confocal microscopy in organotypic slices from mice expressing green fluorescent protein in hippocampal neurones, the size of individual spines along sections of dendrite has been tracked in response to application of tetraethylammonium. …”
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Visual Features in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Overview by María Alejandra Cerquera-Jaramillo, Mauricio O. Nava-Mesa, Rodrigo E. González-Reyes, Carlos Tellez-Conti, Alejandra de-la-Torre

“…AD is characterized by brain atrophy due to neuronal and synaptic loss, extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. …”
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Gene Set Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies on 49 Quantitative Traits Measured in a Single Genetic Epidemiology Dataset by Jihye Kim, Ji-sun Kwon, Sangsoo Kim

“…A literature survey implies that these traits may be regulated partly by common pathways that involve neuronal or nerve systems.…”
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Biological properties of Moringa oleifera: A systematic review of the last decade [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] by Andrea Catalina Gómez, Javier Andrés Soto, C. A. Zuniga-Gonzalez, Karen Shirley Molina, Andrea Natalia Barreto, Maryeli Vásquez

“…Results Moringa oleifera extracts showed antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and cytoprotective properties at neuronal, hepatic, renal and cardiac levels. Besides, cytotoxic effects, apoptotic and antiploriferative activity against several cancer cell lines has been demonstrated. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory Strategy for M2 Microglial Polarization Using Retinoic Acid-Loaded Nanoparticles by Marta Machado-Pereira, Tiago Santos, Lino Ferreira, Liliana Bernardino, Raquel Ferreira

“…Additionally, RA-NP induced a ramified microglia morphology (indicative of M2 state), promoting tissue viability, particularly neuronal survival, and restored the expression of postsynaptic protein-95 in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures exposed to an inflammatory challenge. …”
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Learning Processes to Predict the Hourly Global, Direct, and Diffuse Solar Irradiance from Daily Global Radiation with Artificial Neural Networks by Hanae Loutfi, Ahmed Bernatchou, Younès Raoui, Rachid Tadili

“…For each solar component’s prediction, different combinations of inputs as well as different numbers of hidden neurons were considered. To evaluate these models, the regression coefficient (R2) and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) were used. …”
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Bases neurobiológicas de la adicción al alcohol by Milagros Lisset León Regal, Lázaro Hermes González Otero, Alain León Valdés, José Omar de Armas García, Alexis Urquiza Hurtado, Gerardo Rodríguez Caña

“…La interacción del etanol con diversas estructuras de la membrana neuronal, afecta la citoarquitectura y función cerebral asociadas al sistema de gratificación, el procesamiento motor, el aprendizaje y la memoria; lo que re-percute en el establecimiento de la dependencia. …”
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Hyaluronan Synthesis, Catabolism, and Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Larry S. Sherman, Steven Matsumoto, Weiping Su, Taasin Srivastava, Stephen A. Back

“…HA is found throughout the CNS as a constituent of proteoglycans, especially within perineuronal nets that have been implicated in regulating neuronal activity. HA is also found in the white matter where it is diffusely distributed around astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. …”
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