Regulated microbe vaccines: from concept to (pre-clinical) reduction to practice by Richard Voellmy, David C Bloom, Nuria Vilaboa

“…Without activation, the RCCVs are incapable of replicating in the nervous system and elsewhere. The RCCVs were found to induce potent anti-herpetic immune responses in mice. …”
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Cytokines and Chemokines at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain by Geeta Ramesh, Andrew G. MacLean, Mario T. Philipp

“…The dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and demyelination both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in conditions of neuropathic pain. …”
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Neuron-Glia Interactions in Neural Plasticity: Contributions of Neural Extracellular Matrix and Perineuronal Nets by Egor Dzyubenko, Christine Gottschling, Andreas Faissner

“…Astrocytes develop an intimate association with synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to the regulation of ion and neurotransmitter concentrations. …”
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Paired Stimulation to Promote Lasting Augmentation of Corticospinal Circuits by Noam Y. Harel, Jason B. Carmel

“…After injury, electrical stimulation of the nervous system can augment plasticity of spared or latent circuits through focal modulation. …”
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Primary intracranial malignant melanoma in an adolescent: case report and literature review by Nyoman Golden, I Gusti Ketut Agung Surya Kencana, Christopher Lauren, Angky Saputra, Denny Japardi

“…Primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) is an exceedingly rare central nervous system tumor, accounting for only 1% of melanoma cases and 0.07% of primary CNS tumors, with limited documentation in adolescents. …”
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The Rise of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Glia Models of Neuroinflammation by Srishti Kala, Andrew G. Strutz, Moriah E. Katt

“…Neuroinflammation is a blanket term that describes the body’s complex inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). It encompasses a phenotype shift to a proinflammatory state, the release of cytokines, the recruitment of peripheral immune cells, and a wide variety of other processes. …”
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Chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis: classification, terminology, and clinical significance by Assunta Dal-Bianco, Jiwon Oh, Pascal Sati, Martina Absinta

“…In multiple sclerosis (MS), increasing disability is considered to occur due to persistent, chronic inflammation trapped within the central nervous system (CNS). This condition, known as smoldering neuroinflammation, is present across the clinical spectrum of MS and is currently understood to be relatively resistant to treatment with existing disease-modifying therapies. …”
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Expression of the cellular prion protein by mast cells in white-tailed deer carotid body, cervical lymph nodes and ganglia by Anthony E. Kincaid, Nathaniel D. Denkers, Erin E. McNulty, Caitlyn N. Kraft, Jason C. Bartz, Candace K. Mathiason

“…While both oral and nasal routes of exposure to prions cause disease, the spatial and temporal details of how prions enter the central nervous system (CNS) are unknown. Carotid bodies (CBs) are structures that are exposed to blood-borne prions and are densely innervated by nerves that are directly connected to brainstem nuclei, known to be early sites of prion neuroinvasion. …”
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Advances in Gene Therapy for Neurologic Disorders: An Overview by Pallavi Chand, K. Trideva Sastri, Ashish Singh Chauhan, Souvik Chakraborty, Vikash Jakhmola

“…Neurologic disorders most often occur due to inherent genetic mutations, which lead to numerous types of functional disruptions in nervous system development. Neurologic disease-related events, such as genetic and epigenetic changes, cause inflammatory processes in the area which may enhance the disease cycle. …”
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Activating the Antitumor Immune Response in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Maansi Joshi, Stephen M. Ansell

“…Some lymphoma histologies, such as primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBL), central nervous system, and testicular lymphomas and gray zone lymphoma, respond favorably to PD-1 blockade, but the response rates in most lymphoma subtypes are low. …”
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Synaptic Plasticity and Neurological Disorders in Neurotropic Viral Infections by Venkata Subba Rao Atluri, Melissa Hidalgo, Thangavel Samikkannu, Kesava Rao Venkata Kurapati, Madhavan Nair

“…Although these neurotropic viruses are able to be harbored in or infect the nervous system, not all the neurotropic viruses have been reported to cause disrupted synaptic plasticity and impaired cognitive functions. …”
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Epigenetic Research of Neurodegenerative Disorders Using Patient iPSC-Based Models by Rubén Fernández-Santiago, Mario Ezquerra

“…Epigenetic mechanisms play a role in human disease but their involvement in pathologies from the central nervous system has been hampered by the complexity of the brain together with its unique cellular architecture and diversity. …”
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The Optimal Management of Acute Febrile Encephalopathy in the Aged Patient: A Systematic Review by Fereshte Sheybani, HamidReza Naderi, Sareh Sajjadi

“…Acute change in mental status from baseline is commonly seen among the elderly even when the main process does not involve the central nervous system. The term “geriatric syndrome” is used to capture those clinical conditions in older people that do not fit into discrete disease categories, including delirium, falls, frailty, dizziness, syncope, and urinary incontinence. …”
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Spinal NGF Restores Opioid Sensitivity in Neuropathic Rats: Possible Role of NGF as a Regulator of CCK-Induced Anti-Opioid Effects by Catherine M Cahill, Terence J Coderre

“…The effect of NGF on the nervous system is dependent on the developmental stage. …”
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HIV-Associated Neurotoxicity: The Interplay of Host and Viral Proteins by Sushama Jadhav, Vijay Nema

“…HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is being observed since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic due to a change in the functional integrity of cells from the central nervous system (CNS). Even with the presence of antiretroviral therapy, there is a decline in the functioning of the brain especially movement skills, noticeable swings in mood, and routine performance activities. …”
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Cerebral Wegener’s Granuloma: Surgery Mandatory for Diagnosis and Treatment by Federico Nicolosi, Giovanni Nodari, Giannantonio Spena, Elena Roca, Karol Migliorati, Giacomo Esposito, Roberto Stefini, Marco Fontanella, Pier Paolo Panciani

“…The involvement of the central nervous system in case of Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is infrequent and usually leads to cranial nerve abnormalities, cerebrovascular events, and seizures. …”
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Mimicking Neural Stem Cell Niche by Biocompatible Substrates by Citlalli Regalado-Santiago, Enrique Juárez-Aguilar, Juan David Olivares-Hernández, Elisa Tamariz

“…Neural stem cells (NSCs) participate in the maintenance, repair, and regeneration of the central nervous system. During development, the primary NSCs are distributed along the ventricular zone of the neural tube, while, in adults, NSCs are mainly restricted to the subependymal layer of the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. …”
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Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS: Adult Neurogenesis by Sukla Ghosh, Subhra Prakash Hui

“…Unlike mammals, zebrafish retains radial glia, a nonneuronal cell type in their adult central nervous system. Injury induced proliferation involves radial glia which proliferate, transcribe embryonic genes, and can give rise to new neurons. …”
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Gut microbiota on anxiety and depression in primary Sjogren's syndrome: A novel insight by Ying Zhu, Kaiyuan Zhang, Ziyue Luo, Yu Song, Xinchang Wang

“…Recent theories on the gut-brain axis have elucidated that the gut microbiota considered the second brain of humans, can modulate the central nervous system and behavior by mediating bidirectional response systems, including immunity, vagus nerve, and neuroendocrine pathways. …”
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Mercury and its Associated Impacts on Environment and Human Health: A Review by Alex, Saturday

“…MeHg toxicity is associated with nervous system damage in adults and impaired neurological development in infants and children. …”
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