A Case Report of Leptomeningeal Myelomatosis and Rapid Improvement with Regimen Consisting of Daratumumab, Pomalidomide, Vincristine, Procarbazine, and Dexamethasone by Jew Win Kuan, Sing Ling Chai, Pathmanathan Rajadurai, Lee Gong Lau, Joseph Uchang, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Husain

“…Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) (MM-CNS) in the form of leptomeningeal myelomatosis or brain parenchyma plasmacytoma is rare, causing challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. …”
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Rheumatoid Meningoencephalitis: A Feared Condition in the Era of TNF Blockers by Fernando Figueroa Rodriguez, Kwon Minkyung, Sruthi Jinna, Sohail Farshad, Francisco Davila

“…Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is uncommon, and most of the times, it is secondary to vasculitic processes or extra-articular rheumatoid nodules. …”
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Biomarkers of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Some Recent Progress, More Still to Be Explored by Ying Wang, Shuang Sun, Jie Zhu, Li Cui, Hong-Liang Zhang

“…Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the axonal subtype of which is mainly triggered by C. jejuni with ganglioside-mimicking lipooligosaccharides (LOS), is an immune-mediated disorder in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) accompanied by the disruption of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B). …”
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Combined Cerebellar and Spinal Cord Deficits Caused by an Underlying Gynecologic Malignancy by Tamer Othman, Moshe-Samuel Hendizadeh, Ritika Vankina, Susan Park, Phyllis Kim

“…Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is an uncommon autoimmune disorder targeting antigens within the nervous system and is usually associated with an underlying malignancy. …”
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Immune Privilege as an Intrinsic CNS Property: Astrocytes Protect the CNS against T-Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation by Ulrike Gimsa, N. Avrion Mitchison, Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl

“…Astrocytes have many functions in the central nervous system (CNS). They support differentiation and homeostasis of neurons and influence synaptic activity. …”
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Erdheim-Chester Disease and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Collision Tumour Presenting as a Perirenal Mass by Antonio Maietta, Maryam Razmpoosh

“…Disease manifestation is variable often involving many different organs, mainly bone, retroperitoneum, the heart, and the central nervous system. Histological findings include foamy histiocytes in a fibrous stroma with scattered inflammatory infiltrate. …”
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Biological Functions and Health Benefits of Flavonoids in Fruits and Vegetables: A Contemporary Review by Xiaoyuan Zheng, Xuejiao Zhang, Fankui Zeng

“…In relation to human health, flavonoids are recognized for their ability to combat aging, mitigate inflammation, safeguard the nervous system, and promote overall well-being. Additionally, this review proposes avenues for future research in the domain of flavonoids, underscoring the necessity for ongoing exploration of their potential applications and benefits.…”
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MicroRNAs in the Neural Retina by Kalina Andreeva, Nigel G. F. Cooper

“…The retina, as a part of the central nervous system, is a well-established model for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal and glial functions. …”
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A Case of Cerebral Vasculitis Associated with Ulcerative Colitis by Naveen Raj, Matthew Arkebauer, Barry Waters, Brucha Dickinson

“…It is regarded as a systemic inflammatory disorder that can affect a number of organ systems. Central nervous system disease associated with UC is a rare sequela of inflammatory bowel disease, occurring in less than 5% of cases. …”
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The Pain System in Oesophageal Disorders: Mechanisms, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment by Christian Lottrup, Søren Schou Olesen, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes

“…Painful stimuli are encoded by nociceptors and communicated via afferent nerves to the central nervous system. The pain stimulus is further processed and modulated in specific pain centres in the brain, which may undergo plastic alterations. …”
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Progress on neuromodulation for treatment of central pain by GAN Yu, WAN Jun⁃ge, LI Zhong⁃hua, LI Shuai, HAN Shuai

“…Central pain often arises as a sequela of lesions in the central somatosensory nervous system, and the intensity of pain is generally severe, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. …”
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Burkitt Lymphoma of the Duodenum: An Uncommon Phenomenon by Fahad Malik, Manuel Gonzalez, Wahib Zafar

“…Most non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumors involve extra nodal sites like the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. A rare variant of this type of lymphoma is found in immunocompromised patients specifically in the gastrointestinal tract with accompanying gastrointestinal symptoms. …”
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Dandy-Walker Syndrome. Case Report and Literature Review by William Ernesto González Águila, Osiris Intento García, Nilda Beatriz Cortizo Martínez

“…The case is presented because it is a rare malformation of the central nervous system.…”
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A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health by Rui Tian, Gonglin Hou, Dan Li, Ti-Fei Yuan

“…At the early stage of stress, the activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) axis can upregulate the levels of glucocorticoid (GCs) and catecholamines (CAs), respectively, and then they in turn inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. …”
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Central Mechanisms of Abnormal Sympathoexcitation in Chronic Heart Failure by Takuya Kishi, Yoshitaka Hirooka

“…It has been recognized that the sympathetic nervous system is abnormally activated in chronic heart failure, and leads to further worsening chronic heart failure. …”
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A Pharmacological and Toxicological Profile of Silver as an Antimicrobial Agent in Medical Devices by Alan B. G. Lansdown

“…Ag+ binds strongly to metallothionein, albumins, and macroglobulins and is metabolised to all tissues other than the brain and the central nervous system. Silver sulphide or silver selenide precipitates, bound lysosomally in soft tissues, are inert and not associated with an irreversible toxic change. …”
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Signalling in Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and after Injury by Alistair E. Cole, Simon S. Murray, Junhua Xiao

“…Substantial progress has been made in identifying the extracellular signalling pathways that regulate neural stem and precursor cell biology in the central nervous system (CNS). The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), in particular BMP4, are key players regulating neuronal and glial cell development from neural precursor cells in the embryonic, postnatal, and injured CNS. …”
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Sensory-Motor Polyneuropathy and Digital Ischemia: A Rare Presentation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis by Wasundara Wathurapatha, B. G. A. Rathnamali, Upul Dissanayake

“…Although it can affect the peripheral nervous system frequently, with mononeuritis multiplex being the most common pattern, the occurrence of peripheral sensory-motor polyneuropathy as a presenting manifestation is distinctly rare. …”
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Nearly Complete Response of Brain Metastases from HER2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer with Lapatinib and Capecitabine after Whole Brain Irradiation by Esin Oktay, Özlem Yersal, Nezih Meydan, Mehmet Sağıroğlu, Ömer Uyanık, Sabri Barutca

“…Trastuzumab treatment does not prevent intracranial seeding and is largely ineffective for established central nervous system metastasis in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer patients. …”
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INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN NEURONAL FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS by A. L. Proskura, I. A. Malachin, T. A. Zapara, I. I. Turnaev, V. V. Suslov, A. S. Ratuschnyak

“…Neuronal synaptic contacts are among the basic elements that determine the plasticity of the nervous system. Changes in the efficiency of synaptic transmission mediate sensation, conduction of excitation, learning, and memory. …”
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