Codon usage patterns and genomic variation analysis of chloroplast genomes provides new insights into the evolution of Aroideae by Xinbi Jia, Jiaqi Wei, Yuewen Chen, Chenghong Zeng, Chan Deng, Pengchen Zeng, Yufei Tang, Qinghong Zhou, Yingjin Huang, Qianglong Zhu

“…The ENC-plot and PR2-plot revealed that the codon usage bias of Aroideae was influenced by multiple factors, with natural selection as the dominant factor. Thirteen to twenty optimal codons ending in A/T were identified in 61 Aroideae species. …”
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Hotspots of genetic change in Yersinia pestis by Yarong Wu, Youquan Xin, Xiaoyan Yang, Kai Song, Qingwen Zhang, Haihong Zhao, Cunxiang Li, Yong Jin, Yan Guo, Yafang Tan, Yajun Song, Huaiyu Tian, Zhizhen Qi, Ruifu Yang, Yujun Cui

“…We explore various factors contributing to the shaping and maintenance of HRs, including genomic context, homologous recombination, mutation rate variation and natural selection. Our findings suggest that positive selection is likely the primary driver behind the emergence of HRs, but not the sole force, as evidenced by the pronounced trend of variation purging within these regions.…”
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Effective Facial Expression Recognition System Using Artificial Intelligence Technique by Imad S. Yousif, Tarik A. Rashid, Ahmed S. Shamsaldin, Sabat A. Abdulhameed, Abdulhady Abas Abdullah

“…ANNS are inspired by the neural architecture of human brain capable of learning and recognizing patterns in unchartered data after trained examples, on the other hand GAs come from fundamental principles underlying natural selection perform optimization process based-on evolutionary methods which includes fitness evaluation, comparison, selection, crossover, and mutation. …”
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Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of disappearing Plasmodium vivax in southern Thailand by Parsakorn Tapaopong, Gustavo da Silva, Aurel Holzschuh, Wasinee Rungsarityotin, Chayanut Suansomjit, Kanit Pumchuea, Khajohnpong Manopwisedjaroen, Amnat Khamsiriwatchara, Podjadeach Khuntong, Liwang Cui, Cristian Koepfli, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Wang Nguitragool

“…Key analyses included nucleotide diversity (π), haplotype diversity (Hd), natural selection, recombination rates, and complexity of infection (COI). …”
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Forestry features of regionalization of forest reproductive material by Oleg Danchuk, Vasyl Blystiv, Zinovii Yurkiv, Vitaly Vovchanskyi

“…The theoretical basis for the development of methodological foundations for improving forest seed zoning in Ukraine is the natural intraspecific variability of tree species, which was formed in the process of evolution under the influence of mutations, recombinations and natural selection as a result of the adaptation of local populations to the conditions of their functioning. …”
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Chickens productivity selection affects immune system genes by А. М. Borodin, Ya. I. Alekseev, K. E. Gerasimov, N. V. Konovalova, E. V. Тerentjeva, D. N. Efimov, Zh. V. Emanuilova, L. I. Tuchemskiy, A. A. Komarov, V. I. Fisinin

“…It can be assumed that the fixation of the allele in the DMA gene (SNP Gga_rs15723) is associated with artificial or natural selection, consistent in broilers and layers. Changes in the loci Gga_rs16057130 and Gga_rs15788101 in the B5 line of the Smena 8 chickens are most likely associated with artificial selection of broiler productivity traits, which can subsequently lead to fixation of alleles at these loci. …”
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Candidate SNP markers of changes in the expression levels of the human <i>SCN9A</i> gene as a hub gene for pain generation, perception, response and anesthesia by P. A. Dotsenko, K. A. Zolotareva, R. A. Ivanov, I. V. Chadaeva, N. L. Podkolodnyy, V. A. Ivanisenko, P. S. Demenkov, S. A. Lashin, M. P. Ponomarenko

“…It was found that SCN9A as a hub gene for pain generation, perception, pain response and anesthesia is acted on by natural selection against its downregulation, to keep the nervous system highly informed on the status of the organism and the environment.…”
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Effects of mode of reproduction on genetic polymorphism and divergence in wild yams (Dioscoreaceae: Dioscorea) by Xin Wang, Qing-Hong Feng, Zhi-Hua Zeng, Zhi-Qiang Zhang, Jie Cai, Gao Chen, De-Zhu Li, Hong Wang, Wei Zhou

“…Primarily asexual species exhibited a reduced efficacy of natural selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations for both divergence and polymorphism. …”
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Natural and sexual selection and functional roles influence colouration but not the amount of variation in butterfly wing colour patterns by Bhavya Dharmaraaj, Krushnamegh Kunte

“…We hypothesized that in butterflies, sexually selected colouration is more variable owing to condition-dependent nature and directional selection on sexual ornaments, whereas naturally selected colouration may be less variable because of stabilising selection. …”
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Global Dynamics of a Prey-Predator Model with Antipredator Behavior and Two Predators by Chentong Li, Yingying Zhang, Jinhu Xu, Yicang Zhou

“…The results give a new insight into the influence of antipredator behavior in nature selection.…”
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The Management and Evaluation of Independent Project Portfolios under Uncertainty and Projects Incompatibility by Hadi Mokhtari, Zeinab Habibi

“…In this investigation, the considered projects are independent and naturally selecting multiple options, as a project portfolio, is possible. …”
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Transforming monosaccharides: Recent advances in rare sugar production and future exploration by Shin-ichi Nakakita, Jun Hirabayashi

“…At present, no comprehensive dogma has been presented regarding how and why these rare sugars have deviated from the naturally selected monosaccharides. In this minireview, we adopt a hypothesis on the origin and evolution of elementary hexoses, previously presented by one of the authors (Hirabayashi, Q Rev Biol, 1996, 71:365–380). …”
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Gliadin encapsulated PCOs nanoformulation: An effective therapeutic option for metastatic breast cancer by Sant Lal, Monika Kataria, Neeraj Dilbaghi

“…The study underscores the potential of PCOs–NF as a natural, selective, and efficient therapeutic option for metastatic breast cancer therapy. …”
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