Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to refractory acute myeloid leukemia resolved after second line treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax by Claudio Fozza

“… Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also defined as hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), represents a potentially life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome, characterized by impaired function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages. The main clinical features of HLH are prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, liver, spleen or lymph nodes. …”
Get full text

Reversing NK cell exhaustion: a novel strategy combining immune checkpoint blockade with drug sensitivity enhancement in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by Yuxiang Huang, Hengjian Liao, Jiefu Luo, Huaning Wei, Anling Li, Yujie Lu, Bangde Xiang

“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common lethal cancers worldwide. Natural killer cells (NK cells) play a key role in liver immunosurveillance, but in the tumor microenvironment, NK cells are readily depleted, as evidenced by down-regulation of activating receptors, reduced cytokine secretion, and attenuated killing function. …”
Get full text

Innate Immune Cells in Liver Inflammation by Evaggelia Liaskou, Daisy V. Wilson, Ye H. Oo

“…In order to achieve this, the liver innate immune system is equipped with multiple cellular components; monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells which coordinate to exert tolerogenic environment at the same time detect, respond, and eliminate invading pathogens, infected or transformed self to mount immunity. …”
Get full text

Severe immunodeficiency spectrum associated with NHEJ1 gene mutation: Cernunnos/XLF deficiency by Ana María Navarro, Gabriela Mantilla, Jorge Andrés Fernández, Mario Fernando Unigarro, Alfonso Suárez, María Claudia Ortega

“…The clinical features include growth retardation, microcephaly, triangle-shaped face, recurrent infections, fibroblast’s excessive sensitivity to gamma-ionizing radiation, and hypogammaglobulinemia; also, low counts of subpopulations of B and T lymphocytes, with normal values of natural-killer cells. This manuscript aims to present an extremely rare case of combined immunodeficiency in a twenty-years-old man with non-consanguineous parents and a homozygote variant of the NHEJ1 gene. …”
Get full text

Contribution of Gut Bacteria to Liver Pathobiology by Gakuhei Son, Michael Kremer, Ian N. Hines

“…., macrophages, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) to accomplish this function. …”
Get full text

Modulating lipid metabolism improves tumor immunotherapy by Yi Zhang, Yu Ping, Qiuqing Fan

“…Currently, the metabolism of lipids, such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol, has been reported to affect the tumor microenvironment by regulating immune cells, including T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. These metabolic changes can impair the efficacy of immunotherapy, resulting in tumor progression. …”
Get full text

Antibodies against the multifaceted cathepsin D protein open new avenues for TNBC immunotherapy by Valérie Laurent-Matha, Pascal Roger, Séverine Guiu, Thierry Chardès, Emmanuelle Liaudet-Coopman, Pénélope Desroys du Roure, Timothée David, Aude Mallavialle

“…This commentary provides a synopsis/narrative summary of the development of anti-cath-D antibodies in different formats, their key roles in restoring the antitumor immunity, particularly via activation of tumor-infiltrating natural killer cells, and their dual antitumor effects on cancer cells and stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts, suggesting their interest for clinical use in the light of the current clinical knowledge on TNBC.…”
Get full text

Integrative bioinformatic approach reveals novel melatonin-related biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease by Hua-xiong Zhang, Dilmurat Hamit, Qing Li, Xiao Hu, San-feng Li, Fu Xu, Ming-yuan Wang, Guo-qing Bao, Hong-yan Li

“…Moreover, T helper type 17 cells, natural killer cells and CD56dim natural killer cells were significantly correlated with biomarkers. …”
Get full text

Chemokines in Cancer Development and Progression and Their Potential as Targeting Molecules for Cancer Treatment by Naofumi Mukaida, So-ichiro Sasaki, Tomohisa Baba

“…Subsequent studies have further revealed that chemokines can regulate the movement of a wide variety of immune cells including lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells in both physiological and pathological conditions. …”
Get full text

The Role of TOX in the Development of Innate Lymphoid Cells by Corey R. Seehus, Jonathan Kaye

“…TOX is required for the development of CD4+ T lineage cells in the thymus, including natural killer T and T regulatory cells, as well as development of natural killer cells and fetal lymphoid tissue inducer cells, the latter required for lymph node organogenesis. …”
Get full text

Overview of (1→3)-β-D-glucan immunobiology by David L. Williams

“…It is now established that (1→3)-β-D-glucans are recognized by macrophages and, perhaps, neutrophils and natural killer cells via a (1→3)-β-glucan specific receptor. …”
Get full text

GITR-GITRL System, A Novel Player in Shock and Inflammation by Ludovic Tibor Krausz, Rodolfo Bianchini, Simona Ronchetti, Katia Fettucciari, Giuseppe Nocentini, Carlo Riccardi

“…It is expressed in several cells and tissues, including T cells, natural killer cells, and, at lower levels, in cells of innate immunity. …”
Get full text

Influence of physicochemical factors on the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with immune system cells by Sinai G. Gutiérrez-Cruz, Alejandro Muñoz-Diosdado, Ramón A. Gutiérrez-Calleja, Octavio Rodríguez-Cortés, Ana E. Ortiz-Reyez, Raúl Flores-Mejía

“…This paper reviews the reported biological effects of MNPs on various immune cell types, including B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils.…”
Get full text

Human Liver Stem Cells Suppress T-Cell Proliferation, NK Activity, and Dendritic Cell Differentiation by Stefania Bruno, Cristina Grange, Marta Tapparo, Chiara Pasquino, Renato Romagnoli, Ennia Dametto, Antonio Amoroso, Ciro Tetta, Giovanni Camussi

“…The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and the immunomodulatory properties of HLSCs on T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NKs), and dendritic cells (DCs) in allogeneic experimental settings. …”
Get full text

Crosstalk between Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Growth and Immunosuppression of Breast Cancer by Jarupa Soongsathitanon, Pranisa Jamjuntra, Nuttavut Sumransub, Supaporn Yangngam, Marjorie De la Fuente, Glauben Landskron, Peti Thuwajit, Marcela A. Hermoso, Chanitra Thuwajit

“…The immune cells including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and helper T cell (Th)), monocyte-infiltrating cells (MICs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), mast cells (MCs), and natural killer cells (NKs) play an important part in the immunological balance, fluctuating TME between protumoral and antitumoral responses. …”
Get full text

Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Report of Response to Rituximab by Uroosa Ibrahim, Sara Parylo, Shiksha Kedia, Shafinaz Hussein, Jean Paul Atallah

“…Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is a rare form of low grade leukemia characterized by large cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells on morphological examination. Immunosuppressive therapy is employed as first-line therapy. …”
Get full text

The Role of PPARs in Placental Immunology: A Systematic Review of the Literature by Stefan Hutter, Julia Knabl, Ulrich Andergassen, Udo Jeschke

“…Both the innate and the adaptive immune system, and therefore B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are all involved in trophoblast invasion, pregnancy maintenance, and development of pregnancy disorders. …”
Get full text

Severe CSF immune cell alterations in cryptococcal meningitis gradually resolve during antifungal therapy by Christine Dambietz, Michael Heming, Tobias J. Brix, Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Phil-Robin Tepasse, Catharina C. Gross, Jonel Trebicka, Heinz Wiendl, Gerd Meyer zu Hörste

“…Flow cytometry analysis revealed an elevation of natural killer cells and natural killer T cells in the CSF and blood of HIV negative patients with CM, pointing to innate immune activation in early stages after fungal invasion. …”
Get full text

Characterization of the Hypercitrullination Reaction in Human Neutrophils and Other Leukocytes by Yebin Zhou, Tiziana Di Pucchio, Gary P. Sims, Nanette Mittereder, Tomas Mustelin

“…Using two independent western blotting methods, we report that agents that trigger a sufficiently large influx of extracellular calcium ions induced a marked citrullination of multiple proteins in human neutrophils, monocytes, and, to a lesser extent, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, but not B lymphocytes or dendritic cells. …”
Get full text

F4/80+ Host Macrophages Are a Barrier to Murine Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Progenitor Engraftment In Vivo by Heather L. Thompson, Nico van Rooijen, Bryce T. McLelland, Jennifer O. Manilay

“…Murine embryonic stem cell-derived hematopoietic progenitors (ESHPs) were generated via coculture with the bone marrow stromal cell line, OP9, and then transplanted into NOD.SCID.Common Gamma Chain (NSG) knockout mice, which lack B, T, and natural killer cells. Compared to control mice transplanted with adult lineage-negative bone marrow (Lin− BM) progenitors, ESHP-transplanted mice attained a low but significant level of donor hematopoietic chimerism. …”
Get full text