High peripheral T cell diversity is associated with lower risk of toxicity and superior response to dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC by Alexandre Reuben, Mehmet Altan, Latasha Little, Jianjun Zhang, Ajay Sheshadri, Hai T Tran, Mara B Antonoff, Stephen G Swisher, John V Heymach, Saumil Gandhi, Natalie Vokes, Ziyi Li, Ruoxing Li, Runzhe Chen, Joshua Baguley, Jefferson Sinson, Greg Lizee

“…We used T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to systematically analyze prospectively collected patient blood samples from a randomized clinical trial of dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to evaluate changes in the T-cell repertoire and their association with response and irAEs.Methods Patients with immunotherapy-naïve metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab according to trial protocol (LONESTAR, NCT03391869). …”
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Upregulation of interferon-γ response genes in monocytes and T cells identified by single-cell transcriptomics in patients with anti-citrullinated peptide antibody-positive early r... by Bong-Ki Hong, Sungyong You, Jung Gon Kim, Jung Gon Kim, Minhyung Kim, Naeun Lee, Kijun Lee, Kijun Lee, In-Pyo Baek, Ji Hyeon Ju, Ji Hyeon Ju, Ji Hyeon Ju, Wan-Uk Kim, Wan-Uk Kim, Ho-Youn Kim

“…IntroductionOur aim was to investigate the insufficiently understood differences in the immune system between anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)-positive (ACPA+) and ACPA-negative (ACPA-) early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) patients.MethodsWe performed multiple cytokine assays using sera from drug-naïve ACPA+ and ACPA- eRA patients. Additionally, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing of CD45+ cells from peripheral blood samples to analyze and compare the distribution and functional characteristics of the cell subsets based on the ACPA status.ResultsSerum concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-12 were higher in ACPA+ eRA than in ACPA- eRA. …”
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TCR transgenic clone selection guided by immune receptor analysis and single-cell RNA expression of polyclonal responders by Nincy Debeuf, Sahine Lameire, Manon Vanheerswynghels, Julie Deckers, Caroline De Wolf, Wendy Toussaint, Rein Verbeke, Kevin Verstaen, Hamida Hammad, Stijn Vanhee, Bart N Lambrecht

“…Since the precursor frequency of naive T cells is extremely low, investigating the early steps of antigen-specific T cell activation is challenging. …”
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Tau oligomers impair memory and synaptic plasticity through the cellular prion protein by Claudia Balducci, Franca Orsini, Milica Cerovic, Marten Beeg, Beatrice Rocutto, Letizia Dacomo, Antonio Masone, Eleonora Busani, Ilaria Raimondi, Giada Lavigna, Po-Tao Chen, Susanna Leva, Laura Colombo, Chiara Zucchelli, Giovanna Musco, Nicholas M. Kanaan, Marco Gobbi, Roberto Chiesa, Luana Fioriti, Gianluigi Forloni

“…Immunofluorescence analysis of naïve and PrPC-overexpressing HEK293 cells exposed to TauOs showed a PrPC dose-dependent association of TauOs with cells over time, and their co-localization with PrPC on the plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments, suggesting PrPC-may play a role in TauO internalization. …”
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Memory B cells and their transcriptomic profiles associated with belimumab resistance in systemic lupus erythematosus in the maintenance phase by Takeshi Iwasaki, Takeshi Iwasaki, Hajime Yoshifuji, Koji Kitagori, Shuji Sumitomo, Shuji Akizuki, Ran Nakashima, Hideaki Tsuji, Ryosuke Hiwa, Mirei Shirakashi, Kosaku Murakami, Akira Onishi, Hideo Onizawa, Masao Tanaka, Fumihiko Matsuda, Akio Morinobu, Koichiro Ohmura, Koichiro Ohmura

“…Belimumab did not affect memory B cell proportion during the treatment time course, in contrast to naïve B cells. Higher memory B cell proportion was associated with higher type-I interferon (IFN) scores and lower white blood cell and complement C4 levels. …”
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Sex differences in epigenetic ageing for older people living with HIVResearch in context by Carrie D. Johnston, Alina P.S. Pang, Eugenia L. Siegler, Charlene Thomas, Chelsie O. Burchett, Mia Crowley, Rochelle O'Brien, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Marshall J. Glesby, Michael J. Corley

“…Additionally, sex was significantly associated with epigenetic biomarker scores for proportion of naïve CD4+ T cells (p = 0.0006), physical fitness including DNAmGait (p = 0.0010), DNAmGrip (p < 0.0001), and DNAmV02 max (p < 0.0001). …”
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Limited restoration of T cell subset distribution and immune function in older people living with HIV-1 receiving HAART by Na Li, Hong-Yi Zheng, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan He, Mi Zhang, Xia Li, Ren-Rong Tian, Xing-Qi Dong, Zhi-Qiang Shen, Yong-Tang Zheng

“…Compared with young and middle-aged PLWH, older PLWH presented distinct alterations in their immune profile, including a decline in the Naïve CD4+T and CD8+T cell subsets, an expansion of effector memory cells, and other potential immune risk phenotypes, such as activation, exhaustion, and up-regulation of aging markers. …”
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Impact of a cardio‐oncology unit on prevention of cardiovascular events in cancer patients by Alessandra Cuomo, Valentina Mercurio, Gilda Varricchi, Maria Rosaria Galdiero, Francesca Wanda Rossi, Antonio Carannante, Grazia Arpino, Luigi Formisano, Roberto Bianco, Chiara Carlomagno, Carmine De Angelis, Mario Giuliano, Elide Matano, Marco Picardi, Domenico Salvatore, Ferdinando De Vita, Erika Martinelli, Carminia Maria Della Corte, Floriana Morgillo, Michele Orditura, Stefania Napolitano, Teresa Troiani, Carlo G. Tocchetti

“…Type 1 included patients naïve for oncological treatments, Type 2 patients already being treated with oncological treatments, and Type 3 patients who had already completed cancer treatments. …”
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Rhesus Cytomegalovirus-encoded Fcγ-binding glycoproteins facilitate viral evasion from IgG-mediated humoral immunity by Claire E. Otero, Sophia Petkova, Martin Ebermann, Husam Taher, Nessy John, Katja Hoffmann, Angel Davalos, Matilda J. Moström, Roxanne M. Gilbride, Courtney R. Papen, Aaron Barber-Axthelm, Elizabeth A. Scheef, Richard Barfield, Lesli M. Sprehe, Savannah Kendall, Tabitha D. Manuel, Teresa Beechwood, Linh Khanh Nguyen, Nathan H. Vande Burgt, Cliburn Chan, Michael Denton, Zachary J. Streblow, Daniel N. Streblow, Alice F. Tarantal, Scott G. Hansen, Amitinder Kaur, Sallie Permar, Klaus Früh, Hartmut Hengel, Daniel Malouli, Philipp Kolb

“…Each one of these proteins displays functional similarities to their prospective HCMV orthologs with respect to antagonizing host FcγR activation in vitro. When RhCMV-naïve male rhesus macaques were infected with vFcγR-deleted RhCMV, peak plasma DNAemia levels and anti-RhCMV antibody responses were comparable to wildtype infections of both male and female animals. …”
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The triglyceride-glucose index trajectories are associated with cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV: evidence from a prospective cohort study in China, 2005–2022 by Yinsong Luo, Liqin Sun, Yun He, Fang Zhao, Duo Shan, Fan Bu, Lingyun Ge, Xiaorui Li, Yiyao Hu, Xi Xiao, Hongzhou Lu, Jiaye Liu

“…Methods This cohort study included 16,122 treatment-naive PLWH who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from 2005 to 2022. …”
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Multi-omics dissection of metabolic dysregulation associated with immune recovery in people living with HIV-1 by Lin-Yu Wan, Sin Man Lam, Hui-Huang Huang, Wen-Jing Cao, Xiang-Yi Cao, Xue-Meng Li, Li-Ping Zhang, Jia-Min Gao, Chao Zhang, Xing Fan, Yan-Mei Jiao, Guanghou Shui, Fu-Sheng Wang, Jin-Wen Song

“…Methods In this cross-sectional study, mass spectrometry was used for quantitative analysis of plasma metabolome and lipidome in 24 treatment-naïve PLWH (TNs), 33 immunological responders (IRs), 35 immunological non-responders (INRs), and 16 healthy controls (HCs). …”
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Single‐Nucleus and Spatial Transcriptome Profiling Delineates the Multicellular Ecosystem in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy by YeXing Huang, ZeFeng Du, ZhiCheng Lai, DongSheng Wen, LiChang Huang, MinKe He, ZiChao Wu, HuiFang Li, HanYue OuYang, WenChao Wu, Anna Kan, Ming Shi

“…Here, we collected tumor samples from treatment‐naïve primary and post‐HAIC HCC, and integrated single‐nucleus RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics to characterize the tumor ecosystem in the post‐HAIC HCC. …”
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Alcohol-induced gut microbial reorganization and associated overproduction of phenylacetylglutamine promotes cardiovascular disease by Zhen Li, Min Gu, Aline Zaparte, Xiaoming Fu, Kala Mahen, Marko Mrdjen, Xinmin S. Li, Zhihong Yang, Jing Ma, Themis Thoudam, Kristina Chandler, Maggie Hesler, Laura Heathers, Kiersten Gorse, Thanh Trung Van, David Wong, Aaron M. Gibson, Zeneng Wang, Christopher M. Taylor, Pearl Quijada, Catherine A. Makarewich, Stanley L. Hazen, Suthat Liangpunsakul, J. Mark Brown, David J. Lefer, David A. Welsh, Thomas E. Sharp

“…Fecal microbiota transplantation from pair-/alcohol-fed mice into naïve male mice demonstrates the transmissibility of PAGln production and the CVD phenotype. …”
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Machine learning for predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy effectiveness using ultrasound radiomics features and routine clinical data of patients with breast cancer by Pu Zhou, Pu Zhou, Hongyan Qian, Pengfei Zhu, Jiangyuan Ben, Jiangyuan Ben, Guifang Chen, Qiuyi Chen, Lingli Chen, Jia Chen, Ying He, Ying He

“…We compared 10 ML models based on radiomics features: support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest, extra trees (ET), naïve Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), gradient boosting ML (GBM), light GBM (LGBM), and adaptive boost (AB). …”
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Leptin decreases Th17/Treg ratio to facilitate neuroblastoma via inhibiting long-chain fatty acid catabolism in tumor cells by Meng Li, Di Li, Hai-Yun Wang, Weixin Zhang, Zhenjian Zhuo, Huiqin Guo, Jiabin Liu, Yue Zhuo, Jue Tang, Jing He, Lei Miao

“…Leptin over-expression forced naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Treg cells instead of Th17 cells, which benefited from NB cell proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. …”
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Effects of nurse-home visiting on intimate partner violence and maternal income, mental health and self-efficacy by 24 months postpartum: a randomised controlled trial (British Col... by Susan Jack, Charlotte Waddell, Michael Boyle, Harriet MacMillan, Yufei Zheng, Hui Xie, Colleen Varcoe, Amiram Gafni, Andrea Gonzalez, Debbie Sheehan, Lil Tonmyr, Ronald Barr, Lenora Marcellus, Nicole L A Catherine

“…Random allocation of participants (1:1) to comparison (existing services) or NFP (plus existing services). Researchers were naïve to allocation.Setting 26 local health areas across four of five BC regional health authorities.Participants 739 young (&lt;25 years), first-time mothers (enrolled &lt;28 weeks gestation), experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage.Intervention Public health nurses with NFP education offered home visits (up to 64) during pregnancy and until children’s second birthday plus existing services on offer in BC.Outcome measures Prespecified exploratory outcomes included exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), income (annual from employment) and not in education, employment or training (NEET) by 24 months postpartum, and psychological distress and self-efficacy across five time points (34–36 weeks gestation, 2, 10, 18 and 24 months postpartum).Results A total of 739 participants were randomised (368 NFP, 371 comparison) and analysed via an intention-to-treat analysis. …”
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Long-term outcome of a treat-to-target strategy in late-onset rheumatoid arthritis with chronic lung disease: 5-year results of a prospective observational study by Manami Nomura, Takahiko Sugihara, Hiroyuki Baba, Tadashi Hosoya, Mari Kamiya, Tatsuro Ishizaki, Takumi Matsumoto, Kanae Kubo, Fumio Hirano, Masayo Kojima, Nobuyuki Miyasaka, Shinsuke Yasuda, Masayoshi Harigai

“…Methods Data from 197 methotrexate (MTX)-naïve LORA patients (mean age 74.4 years) from a prospective, monocentric registry were analyzed. …”
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Secreted PD-L1 alleviates inflammatory arthritis in mice through local and systemic AAV gene therapy by Wenjun Li, Wenjun Li, Junjiang Sun, Susi Feng, Ariana La Rosa, Panli Zhang, Eveline Y. Wu, Richard Loeser, Chengwen Li, Chengwen Li, Chengwen Li

“…To study the therapeutic effect of systemic expression of sPD-L1, we administered AAV8/shPD-L1 gene therapy in CIA mice via retro-orbital injection and found significant improvements in joint inflammation and paw swelling, exhibiting similar phenotypes to that in naïve mice. The levels of total immunoglobulin and anti-collagen specific antibodies were lower in AAV8/shPD-L1 treated CIA mice than those in controls. …”
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Impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on the subsequent incidence of COVID-19: a multicentre prospective cohort study among UK healthcare workers – the SIRE... by Nick Andrews, Mary Ramsay, Maria Zambon, Victoria Hall, Sarah Wallace, Susan Hopkins, Jean Timeyin, Tim J G Brooks, Amoolya Vusirikala, Meera Chand, Andre Charlett, Sakib Rokadiya, Colin S Brown, Madhumita Shrotri, Peter D Kirwan, Michele Cole, Natalie Gillson, Ana Atti, Sarah Foulkes, Andrew Taylor-Kerr, Blanche Oguti, Jasmin Islam

“…At enrolment, participants are allocated into cohorts, positive or naïve, dependent on their prior SARS-CoV-2 infection status, as measured by standardised SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing on all baseline serum samples and previous SARS-CoV-2 test results. …”
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Incidence and contributing factors of dementia among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada, from 2002 to 2016: a retrospective cohort study by Rolando Barrios, Julio S G Montaner, Silvia Guillemi, Ni Gusti Ayu Nanditha, Viviane D Lima, Thomas L Patterson, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, William G Honer, Jason Trigg, Hasan Nathani, Sara Shayegi-Nik, Weijia Yin, Alejandra Fonseca, Bronhilda T Takeh

“…Eligible individuals were diagnosed with HIV, ≥40 years of age, naïve to antiretroviral therapy (ART), had no dementia at the index date and were followed for ≥1 year during 2002–2016. …”
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