Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases by Nargish Parvin, Sang Woo Joo, Tapas K. Mandal

“…We discuss the underlying mechanisms of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, recent applications in treating diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, and the design considerations essential for clinical translation. …”
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Deep learning-based prediction of autoimmune diseases by Donghong Yang, Xin Peng, Senlin Zheng, Shenglan Peng

“…In particular, the average area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the AutoY model exceeded 0.93 in the prediction of all the diseases, and the AUC value reached 0.99 in two diseases, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. These results demonstrate the high accuracy, stability, and good generalization ability of the two models, which makes them promising tools in the field of autoimmune disease prediction and provides support for the use of the TCR bank for the noninvasive detection of autoimmune disease non-invasive detection is supported.…”
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Marine Diterpenoids as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents by Yisett González, Daniel Torres-Mendoza, Gillian E. Jones, Patricia L. Fernandez

“…Inflammation is the cause of several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, and asthma. The search for agents inhibiting inflammation is a great challenge as the inflammatory response plays an important role in the defense of the host to infections. …”
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Mechanisms and Emerging Regulators of Neuroinflammation: Exploring New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Disorders by Mi Eun Kim, Jun Sik Lee

“…While acute neuroinflammation plays a protective role by facilitating pathogen clearance and tissue repair, chronic and dysregulated inflammation contributes significantly to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. This review explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, focusing on the roles of microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. …”
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Short-Term Relapse Quantitation as a Fully Surrogate Endpoint for Long-Term Sustained Progression of Disability in RRMS Patients Treated with Natalizumab by Y. C. Wang, A. Sandrock, J. R. Richert, L. Meyerson, X. Miao

“…Time to sustained worsening in the expanded disability status scale as the standard for evaluating the accumulation of disability has been used as a measure of clinical efficacy in many relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) clinical trials. However, this measurement usually requires a large sample and long-term study to demonstrate the treatment effect. …”
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Diagnosis of Exclusion: A Case Report of Probable Glatiramer Acetate-Induced Eosinophilic Myocarditis by Christopher J. Michaud, Heather M. Bockheim, Muhammad Nabeel, Timothy E. Daum

“…Glatiramer acetate, a biologic injection used in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is widely regarded as a safe and effective medication and lists eosinophilia as an infrequent side effect in its package insert. …”
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Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Resembling Clinical Absence with Atypical EEG Pattern by Channaiah Srikanth Mysore, Najib Murr, Rana Zabad, John Bertoni

“…We are reporting two cases: a patient with steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) and another patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), both presenting with altered mental status (AMS) and later diagnosed with nonconvulsive atypical absence status epilepticus (AS), with atypical EEG changes. …”
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The Impact of Purinergic System Enzymes on Noncommunicable, Neurological, and Degenerative Diseases by Margarete Dulce Bagatini, Alessandra Antunes dos Santos, Andréia Machado Cardoso, Aline Mânica, Cristina Ruedell Reschke, Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho

“…Among the best known of these diseases are atherosclerosis, hypertension, cancer, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available treatments present limited effectiveness and are mostly palliative. …”
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Prolonged Toxic Encephalopathy following Accidental 4-Aminopyridine Overdose by Maria Ballesta Méndez, Vincent van Pesch, Arnaud Capron, Philippe Hantson

“…Background. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a drug that is used to improve motor fatigue in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). Medication error can occur, as commercial preparation may not be available in some countries. …”
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Microcystic Changes in the Retinal Internal Nuclear Layer Associated with Optic Atrophy: A Prospective Study by Benjamin Wolff, Georges Azar, Vivien Vasseur, José-Alain Sahel, Catherine Vignal, Martine Mauget-Faÿsse

“…Those findings were found in 75% of eyes presenting hereditary OA, 50% of eyes presenting ischemic optic neuritis, 50% of eyes with drusen of the optic nerve (ON), 44.4% of eyes presenting a compressive OA, 32% of eyes presenting inflammatory optic neuropathy from multiple sclerosis, 18.5% of eyes presenting OA from undetermined origin, and 17.6% of eyes having primary open-angle glaucoma. …”
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Worsening spasticity due to catheter breakage during intrathecal baclofen therapy: a case report by Yasutaka Takagi, Hiroshi Yamada, Hidehumi Ebara, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Hiroyuki Inatani, Yuta Nakamura, Ryo Sugihara, Aki Nakanami, Kenji Kagechika, Tetsutaro Yahata, Satoru Demura

“…Abstract Background Intrathecal baclofen therapy can substantially improve symptoms in patients with severe spasticity owing to traumatic spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral paresis, or tethered cord syndrome. …”
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Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models by Xueli Fan, Chenhong Lin, Jinming Han, Xinmei Jiang, Jie Zhu, Tao Jin

“…Emerging data have shown that TFH cells and TFH-associated molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuroautoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO)/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myasthenia gravis (MG). …”
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Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Autoimmune Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review of Published Cases by Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi, Zahra Noroozi, Paniz Sadeghi, Armita Jokar-Derisi, Mohammad Saleh Jamshidi Mouselou, Meysam Ahmadi, Armin Attar

“…Myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis were the most frequently reported autoimmune diseases. …”
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FundusNet: A Deep-Learning Approach for Fast Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases Using Fundus Images by Wenxing Hu, Kejie Li, Jake Gagnon, Ye Wang, Talia Raney, Jeron Chen, Yirui Chen, Yoko Okunuki, Will Chen, Baohong Zhang

“…FundusNet achieved superior performance in age prediction (MAE 2.55 year), gender classification (AUC 0.98), and neurodegenerative disease diagnosis—Parkinson’s disease AUC 0.75 ± 0.03, multiple sclerosis AUC 0.77 ± 0.02. Grad-CAM was used to identify which part of the image contributes to diagnosis. …”
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Clinical Manifest X-Linked Recessive Adrenoleukodystrophy in a Female by Gyda Hlin Skuladottir Jack, Karolina Malm-Willadsen, Anja Frederiksen, Dorte Glintborg, Marianne Andersen

“…Deep tendon reflexes in the lower limbs were brisk, and Babinski's sign was present bilaterally. Multiple sclerosis (MS) was excluded, and all clinical and biochemical tests were normal. …”
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More than just a number: the gut microbiota and brain function across the extremes of life by Nathan D. Nuzum, Clara Deady, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, John F. Cryan, Siobhain M. O'Mahony, Gerard Clarke

“…Longitudinal interventions are being conducted in AD, PD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Neurodevelopmental research has also seen a boon in microbiome-related clinical research including in autism, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, which is confirming prior animal model work regarding the key time-windows in the gut microbiome important for infant cognition. …”
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Autologous Enhancement by Interferon of Natural Killer Activity of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by S. B. Cheknev, Y. G. Ashmanova, A. D. Pritsker, O. L. Latysheva, F. I. Yershov, A. J. Kulberg

“…The in vitro action of interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ from six healthy donors and ten patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on natural killer (INK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied in an autologous system. …”
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Placental Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants Leading to Stillbirth: Report of Two Cases by Miriam A. Snow, Medini K. Annavajhala, Sofia Z. Moscovitz, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Larisa Debelenko

“…In the second case, the mother had a history of multiple sclerosis (MS) and suffered recurrent moderate-to-severe COVID-19. …”
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Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease with Positive Autoimmune Indices: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by M. E. Evangelopoulos, G. Koutsis, E. Andreadou, C. Potagas, A. Dimirakopoulos, C. Sfagos

“…Differential diagnosis included infectious, metabolic, neoplastic/paraneoplastic, and ischemic causes as well as multiple sclerosis. NMO IgG was found positive and led to the diagnosis of longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) in the NMO spectrum disorders. …”
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The impact of gut microbiome on neuro-autoimmune demyelinating diseases by Pouria Abolfazli, Cristina Nkene Apue Nchama, Brandon Lucke-Wold

“… Demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), are characterized by dysregulated immune responses to self-antigens, leading to myelin loss. …”
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