The role of the left primary motor cortex in apraxia by Ksenia Perlova, Claudia C. Schmidt, Gereon R. Fink, Peter H. Weiss

“…In contrast, the potential role of the (left) primary motor cortex (M1) has largely been neglected. However, recent brain stimulation and lesion-mapping studies suggest an involvement of left M1 in motor cognitive processes—over and above its role in motor execution. …”
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Reward signals in the motor cortex: from biology to neurotechnology by Gerard Derosiere, Solaiman Shokur, Pierre Vassiliadis

“…Abstract Over the past decade, research has shown that the primary motor cortex (M1), the brain’s main output for movement, also responds to rewards. …”
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Plasticity of the Primary Motor Cortex in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors by Nathan W. Kong, William R. Gibb, Suvarna Badhe, Benjamin P. Liu, Matthew C. Tate

“…In a retrospective case series of 13 patients, we utilize a novel paradigm that analyzes serial fMRI scans in patients harboring intrinsic brain tumors that vary in location and growth kinetics to better understand the mechanisms underlying these two modes of plasticity in the human primary motor cortex. Twelve patients in our series had some degree of primary motor cortex plasticity, an area previously thought to have limited plasticity. …”
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Altered Effective Connectivity of the Primary Motor Cortex in Transient Ischemic Attack by Zeqi Hao, Yulin Song, Yuyu Shi, Hongyu Xi, Hongqiang Zhang, Mengqi Zhao, Jiahao Yu, Lina Huang, Huayun Li

“…To investigate motor-related effective connectivity differences between individuals with TIA and HCs, the bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) was used as the regions of interest (ROIs) to perform a whole-brain Granger causality analysis (GCA). …”
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Test-Retest Reliability of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Human Primary Motor Cortex by Tribikram Thapa, Siobhan M. Schabrun

“…Homeostatic plasticity can be induced and assessed in the human primary motor cortex (M1) using noninvasive brain stimulation. …”
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Electroacupuncture-Induced Plasticity between Different Representations in Human Motor Cortex by Weiqin Peng, Tiange Yang, Jiawei Yuan, Jianpeng Huang, Jianhua Liu

“…Somatosensory stimulation can effectively induce plasticity in the motor cortex representation of the stimulated body part. …”
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An emerging view of neural geometry in motor cortex supports high-performance decoding by Sean M Perkins, Elom A Amematsro, John Cunningham, Qi Wang, Mark M Churchland

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Motor Cortex Plasticity during Unilateral Finger Movement with Mirror Visual Feedback by Hatice Kumru, Sergiu Albu, Raul Pelayo, John Rothwell, Eloy Opisso, Daniel Leon, Dolor Soler, Josep Maria Tormos

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Potential effects of induced focal ischemia in the motor cortex of rats undergoing experimental periodontitis by Victória dos Santos Chemelo, Marco Aurelio M. Freire, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt, Deborah Ribeiro Frazão, Deiweson Souza-Monteiro, Sabrina C. Cartagenes, Walace Gomes-Leal, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia, Gabriel S. Rocha, Daniel Falcao, Rafael Rodrigues Lima

Subjects: “…Motor cortex…”
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Structural Covariance of the Ipsilesional Primary Motor Cortex in Subcortical Stroke Patients with Motor Deficits by Xinyuan Chen, Mengcheng Li, Naping Chen, Huimin Lai, Ziqiang Huang, Yuqing Tu, Qunlin Chen, Jianping Hu

“…However, little is known about the interactions between the damaged primary motor cortex (M1) and other brain regions in stroke patients with motor deficits. …”
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Recurrent CSPs after Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex in Restless Legs Syndrome by Aulikki Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen, Hannu Lauerma, Seppo Kähkönen, Juha Markkula, Ilpo Rimpiläinen

“…Transcranial magnetic stimulation was focused on the dominant and nondominant hemispheric areas of motor cortex in six subjects with RLS and six controls. …”
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Secondary motor cortex tracks decision value during the learning of a non-instructed task by Elisabete Augusto, Vladimir Kouskoff, Nicolas Chenouard, Margaux Giraudet, Léa Peltier, Aron de Miranda, Alexy Louis, Lucille Alonso, Frédéric Gambino

“…Summary: Optimal decision-making depends on interconnected frontal brain regions, enabling animals to adapt decisions based on internal states, experiences, and contexts. The secondary motor cortex (M2) is key in adaptive behaviors in expert rodents, particularly in encoding decision values guiding complex probabilistic tasks. …”
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Bilateral chemogenetic activation of intratelencephalic neurons in motor cortex reduces spontaneous locomotor activity in mice by Mihai Atudorei, Christian del Agua Villa, Ulrik Gether, Maria Angela Cenci, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Mattias Rickhag

“…Bilateral chemogenetic activation of intratelencephalic Tlx3+ neurons in the mouse motor cortex reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in the open field, increasing states of freezing and immobility. …”
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Age of Insomnia Onset Correlates with a Reversal of Default Mode Network and Supplementary Motor Cortex Connectivity by Emiliano Santarnecchi, Chiara Del Bianco, Isabella Sicilia, Davide Momi, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Salvatore Ferrone, Giulia Sprugnoli, Simone Rossi, Alessandro Rossi

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Electroacupuncture Involved in Motor Cortex and Hypoglossal Neural Control to Improve Voluntary Swallowing of Poststroke Dysphagia Mice by Shuai Cui, Shuqi Yao, Chunxiao Wu, Lulu Yao, Peidong Huang, Yongjun Chen, Chunzhi Tang, Nenggui Xu

“…The descending motor nerve conduction of voluntary swallowing is mainly launched by primary motor cortex (M1). M1 can activate and regulate peripheral nerves (hypoglossal) to control the swallowing. …”
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Efficacy and Interindividual Variability in Motor-Cortex Plasticity following Anodal tDCS and Paired-Associative Stimulation by Wolfgang Strube, Tilmann Bunse, Berend Malchow, Alkomiet Hasan

“…Interindividual response variability to various motor-cortex stimulation protocols has been recently reported. …”
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Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Inhibits Epileptic Seizures in Motor Cortex by Modulating Hippocampus Neural Activity by Na Pang, Qianqian Wang, Jiamin Pei, Hailin Zhang, Yi Yuan, Jiaqing Yan

“…Nevertheless, it is unclear how TUS regulates hippocampal neural activity, and whether and how epileptic discharges in the motor cortex are suppressed by modulating hippocampal neural activity. …”
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Anodal tDCS over Primary Motor Cortex Provides No Advantage to Learning Motor Sequences via Observation by Dace Apšvalka, Richard Ramsey, Emily S. Cross

“…If physical and observational learning share a similar neural basis, then motor cortex stimulation during observational practice should similarly enhance learning by observation as it does through physical practice. …”
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Different Current Intensities of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Do Not Differentially Modulate Motor Cortex Plasticity by Dawson J. Kidgell, Robin M. Daly, Kayleigh Young, Jarrod Lum, Gregory Tooley, Shapour Jaberzadeh, Maryam Zoghi, Alan J. Pearce

“…Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique that modulates the excitability of neurons within the motor cortex (M1). Although the aftereffects of anodal tDCS on modulating cortical excitability have been described, there is limited data describing the outcomes of different tDCS intensities on intracortical circuits. …”
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Rostral Agranular Insular Cortex Lesion with Motor Cortex Stimulation Enhances Pain Modulation Effect on Neuropathic Pain Model by Hyun Ho Jung, Jaewoo Shin, Jinhyung Kim, Seung-Hee Ahn, Sung Eun Lee, Chin Su Koh, Jae Sung Cho, Chanho Kong, Hyung-Cheul Shin, Sung June Kim, Jin Woo Chang

“…The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain modulation role of the insular cortex during motor cortex stimulation (MCS). After inducing neuropathic pain (NP) rat models by the spared nerve injury method, we made a lesion on the rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) unilaterally and compared behaviorally determined pain threshold and latency in 2 groups: Group A (NP + MCS; n=7) and Group B (NP + RAIC lesion + MCS; n=7). …”
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