Efficacy of ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block compared to wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: a double-blinde... by Sekar Loganathan, Kamal Kajal, Kashish Garg, Sameer Sethi, Deepesh B Kenwar, Amit Sharma, Ashish Aditya, Varun Mahajan, Naveen B Naik, Rajnikant Kumar

“…The primary objective of the study was to compare cumulative 24-hour morphine consumption postoperatively. The secondary objectives were time to first rescue analgesia, visual numeric rating scale (VNRS) pain scores at rest and during movement, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and complications associated with ESPB. …”
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Assessment of phytochemical screening, antibacterial, analgesic, and antipyretic potentials of Litsea glutinosa (L.) leaves extracts in a mice model. by Zubair Khalid Labu, Samira Karim, Md Tarekur Rahman, Md Imran Hossain, Sarder Arifuzzaman, Md Shakil

“…<h4>Results</h4>In hot plate method, the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of crude extract (3.37 ± 0.31 sec) which differed significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) with that of the standard drug morphine (6.47 ± 0.23 sec). The extract significantly prolonged reaction latency to thermal-induced pain in hotplate model. …”
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Managing Cancer Pain - Simple Rules, Major Benefits by Dwight E Moulin

“…Moderate pain requires the addition of a 'minor' opioid such as codeine (Step 2), and severe pain mandates the use of a major opioid analgesic such as morphine (Step 3). In this issue of Pain Research & Management, Gallagher et al (pages 188-194) highlight some of the barriers to adequate cancer pain management based on a cross-sectional survey of British Columbian physicians. …”
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Preoperative Analgesia Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Following Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block in Patients with Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Observer-Blinded Stu... by Haobin Peng, Jiajun Wen, Manli Chen, Zhengyuan Xia, Ying Jiang, Kaiqi Xie, Weitao Huang, Bangsheng Cui, Peixing Li, Yiwen Zhang, Xianping Wu

“…Pain scores at 12, 24, 36, 60, and 72 h post-block, rescue analgesia rate, time to first opioid, additional morphine consumption, and adverse events were assessed as the secondary outcomes. …”
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Efficacy and safety of SHR8554 on postoperative pain in subjects with moderate to severe acute pain following orthopedic surgery: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, dose-expl... by Yanhua Zhao, Zhisheng Lu, Xuesong Song, Haihui Xie, Xungang Xiao, Guonian Wang, Qi Zhou, Qingmei Zhang, Liang Liu, Zhijian Lan, Ning Bai, Haiyan Wang, Zhihao Pan, Liang Dong, Xianzhong Lin, Gang Chen, Qinghui Wang, Jiangtao Dong, Jia Deng, Yongshan Nan, Jiaqiang Zhang, Xiaohua Zhou, Yanjuan Huang, Yongquan Chen, Huanzhong He, Ye Yang, Dengpan Yao, Jintai Jia, Shuan Jin, Yafeng Zhang, Zhonghui Luo, Jiangang Li, Linzhong Zhang, Fang Wang, Juehua Jing, Jiang Zhu, Lin Li, Guangda Wang, Huajing Guo, Qiang Wang, Diansan Su, Weifeng Yu, Xiyao Gu

“…In Phase II, 121 patients were divided into four groups to receive varying patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) doses of SHR8554 or morphine. Phase III involved 320 patients with similar groupings, including a placebo group. …”
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The Use of Opioids and Pain Medications in the Management of Postoperative Pain in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Retrospective Study by Ammar Almustafa, Asdghig Der-Boghossian, Abdel Majid Sheikh Taha

“…The postoperative pain scores and mean morphine equivalents (MME) were measured. These outcomes were assessed according to demographics, anesthesia, and analgesia used. …”
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The Current Consideration, Approach, and Management in Postcesarean Delivery Pain Control: A Narrative Review by L. Sangkum, T. Thamjamrassri, V. Arnuntasupakul, T. Chalacheewa

“…For a standard analgesic regimen, the use of long-acting neuraxial opioids (e.g., morphine) and adjunct drugs, such as scheduled acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is recommended unless contraindicated. …”
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Efficacy and safety of single and double catheter intrathecal drug delivery systems in patients with refractory neck and abdominal cancer pain by Qin Li, Huaiming Wang, Qiju Li, Maoxia Xu, Bo Zhong, Xin Hu, Jiang Zou, Pengjiu Feng, Aimin Zhang

“…The primary outcome was pain control, assessed using Numeric Rating Scale [NRS]), breakthrough pain (BTP), and opioid consumption, including intrathecal morphine dose [IDMED] and oral daily morphine dose [ODMED]. …”
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Spinal NGF Restores Opioid Sensitivity in Neuropathic Rats: Possible Role of NGF as a Regulator of CCK-Induced Anti-Opioid Effects by Catherine M Cahill, Terence J Coderre

“…Recent evidence suggests that supplementation of spinal NGF restores morphine-induced antinociception in an animal model of neuropathic pain. …”
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Exploring the impact of xenobiotic drugs on forensic entomology for accurate post-mortem interval estimation by Sapna Jain, Jonathan J. Parrott, Gulnaz T. Javan

“…This systematic overview delves into the influence of drugs such as Morphine, heroin, Opiates, and cocaine on the variables affecting the use of forensically significant insects as evidence tools. …”
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Immobilisation and Epidural Anaesthesia in a Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) Undergoing Pelvic Limb Orthopaedic Surgery by Sonia Campos, Pierre Picavet, Olivier Bertrand, Charlotte Sandersen, Alexandru Tutunaru

“…A sacrococcygeal epidural was performed before surgery using lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and morphine (0.1 mg/kg) to complement the ketamine–xylazine–isoflurane anaesthesia, which allows a low-end-tidal isoflurane concentration. …”
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Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Leaf Methanol Extract of Cotyledon orbiculata L. (Crassulaceae) by George J. Amabeoku, Joseph Kabatende

“…Paracetamol (300 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the reaction time of mice to the thermal stimulation produced with hot plate. …”
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Pain catastrophizing is associated with high-dose opioids in patients with cancer pain by Simon van Rysewyk, Melanie Lovell, Paul Glare

“…At referral, most patients were on strong opioids, with many on high doses (>100 mg oral morphine equivalents (OME) per day). Despite higher doses of opioids, pain interference, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and catastrophizing scores were worse in patients with severe pain. …”
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An Emerging New Paradigm in Opioid Withdrawal: A Critical Role for Glia-Neuron Signaling in the Periaqueductal Gray by Handong Ouyang, Shue Liu, Weian Zeng, Roy C. Levitt, Keith A. Candiotti, Shuanglin Hao

“…., narcotics such as the natural derivatives of opium including morphine or codeine) or opioids (i.e., semisynthetic derivatives of opium and other molecules that activate opioid receptors) induces dependence, which is associated with various specific behavioral and somatic signs after their withdrawal or after the administration of an opioid antagonist. …”
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Phenobarbital as an adjunctive agent for sedation in pediatric intensive care unit patients: A single-center, retrospective study from Colorado by Kelli Jo Welter, Mackenzie N. DeVine, Sharon E. Gordon, Gina Demasellis

“…The median number of rescue sedative boluses, morphine equivalents (MEs), and benzodiazepine equivalents (BZDE) significantly decreased 2 days after the first phenobarbital dose compared to the 2 days before the first phenobarbital dose. …”
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Methods of forensic examination of Nalbuphine by I. О. Besedina

“…It is emphasised that nalbuphine hydrochloride is a synthetic opioid analgesic, which is chemically similar to morphine and phenanthrene. In terms of pharmacological action, it belongs to the group of opioid receptor agonists-antagonists (pentazocine, buprenorphine, butorphanol). …”
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Modulatory Effects of Eschscholzia californica Alkaloids on Recombinant GABAA Receptors by Milan Fedurco, Jana Gregorová, Kristýna Šebrlová, Jana Kantorová, Ondřej Peš, Roland Baur, Erwin Sigel, Eva Táborská

“…Interestingly, α1, α3, and α5 were not significantly affected by (R)-reticuline, 1,2-tetrahydroreticuline, codeine, and morphine—suspected (S)-reticuline metabolites in the rodent brain.…”
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Comparison of two bolus doses of dexmedetomidine for prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting in highly susceptible patients: A randomized controlled trial by Maha Mohamed Ismail Youssef, Amr Raafat Mahmoud Seif, Kareem Nagy Abbass Ahmed, Ghada Abo Bakr, Gihan Mohamed Obayah, Mohamed Ramadan Ahmed Mohamed

“…Results: PONV and postoperative morphine consumption were significantly reduced in group D75 compared to group D50 and in both Dex groups compared to group C. …”
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Cost of Intravenous Analgesia for the Management of Acute Pain in the Emergency Department is Substantial in the United States by Pamela P. Palmer, Judith A. Walker, Asad E. Patanwala, Carin A. Hagberg, John A. House

“…The mean cost per encounter of IV administration of an initial dose of the three most frequently prescribed opioids were: morphine $145, hydromorphone $146, and fentanyl $147. …”
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Use of a Non-Pharmacological Pain Relief Kit to Reduce Opioid Use Following Orthopedic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study by Denis J O'Hara, Timothy F Tyler, Malachy P McHugh, Susan Y Kwiecien, Tyler Bergeron

“… # Results There was no significant difference in total opioid use between the treatment (108±252 milligram morphine equivalents) and control groups (132±158 MME; p=0.696). …”
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