The bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid associates with reduced stroke in humans and mice by Vera F. Monteiro-Cardoso, Xin Yi Yeo, Han-Gyu Bae, David Castano Mayan, Mariam Wehbe, Sejin Lee, Kumar Krishna-K, Seung Hyun Baek, Leon F. Palomera, Lik Hang Wu, Leroy S. Pakkiri, Sangeetha Shanmugam, Kai Ping Sem, Mun Geok Yew, Matthew P. Parsons, Michael R. Hayden, Leonard L.L. Yeo, Vijay K. Sharma, Chester Drum, Elisa A. Liehn, Sreedharan Sajikumar, Svend Davanger, Dong-Gyu Jo, Mark Y.Y. Chan, Benjamin Y.Q. Tan, Sangyong Jung, Roshni R. Singaraja

“…Bile acids are liver-derived signaling molecules that can be found in the brain, but their role there remains largely unknown. …”
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Intervention with Medicinal Plants: A Critical and Narrative Review of the Current Literature by Sandra Maria Barbalho, Beatriz Leme Boaro, Jéssica da Silva Camarinha Oliveira, Jiří Patočka, Caroline Barbalho Lamas, Masaru Tanaka, Lucas Fornari Laurindo

“…Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, driven by the dysregulation of molecular pathways and activation of the brain’s immune system, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory and oxidative molecules. This chronic inflammation is exacerbated by peripheral leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system. …”
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Development of a Duplex PCR-NALFIA Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> Causal Agents of Crown and Root Rot of Str... by Viola Papini, Angelo Meloni, Susanna Pecchia

“…In this work, we developed a duplex PCR-NALFIA assay using two pairs of species-specific primers labeled at the 5′ end with different molecules for the simultaneous identification of <i>Mp</i> and <i>Vd</i>. …”
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Development and Characterisation of a Novel NF-κB Reporter Cell Line for Investigation of Neuroinflammation by Marie-Theres Zeuner, Thomas Vallance, Sakthivel Vaiyapuri, Graeme S. Cottrell, Darius Widera

“…Thus, we developed a stable neural NF-κB-reporter cell line to assess the potency of proinflammatory molecules and peptides, as well as anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals. …”
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The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of <i>Vavilovia Formosa</i> (Stev.) Fed. and the phylogeny of related legume genera by N. V. Shatskaya, V. S. Bogdanova, O. E. Kosterin, G. V. Vasiliev, A. K. Kimeklis, E. E. Andronov, N. A. Provorov

“…The organellar genomes were circular DNA molecules; the genome of mitochondria was represented by two circular chromosomes. …”
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Effects of Quorum Sensing Systems on Regulatory T Cells in Catheter-Related Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infection Rat Models by Lei Feng, Qingqing Xiang, Qing Ai, Zhengli Wang, Yunhui Zhang, Qi Lu

“…Recent studies have found that the QS molecules had complex effects on the host immune systems. …”
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TREM-2 Receptor Expression Increases with 25(OH)D Vitamin Serum Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis by Maria Bucova, Magda Suchankova, Elena Tibenska, Eva Tedlova, Juraj Demian, Ivan Majer, Helena Novosadova, Miroslav Tedla

“…TREM-1 and TREM-2 molecules are members of the TREM transmembrane glycoproteins. …”
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Molecular Signatures of Humic Acids from Different Sources as Revealed by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry by Shuai Qin, Chengbin Xu, Yingzi Xu, Yingchen Bai, Fei Guo

“…Regardless of unsaturation, molecules of River HA have a homogeneous molecular mass distribution and contain many plant-derived lignin- and tannin-like compounds, which are more stable than lipid and more labile than condensed aromatics. …”
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Adsorption of Mo and O at S-vacancy on ReS2 surface of ReS2/MoTe2 vdW heterointerface by Puneet Kumar Shaw, Jehan Taraporewalla, Sohaib Raza, Akash Kumar, Rimisha Duttagupta, Hafizur Rahaman, Dipankar Saha

“…Therefore, determining the role of defect-induced states and the adsorption of atoms/molecules on surfaces is crucial. Moreover, a detailed theoretical study to determine surface properties and relative energetic stability of the vdW heterostructures is carried out. …”
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Combinations of TLR Ligands: A Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy by Saskia Stier, Claudia Maletzki, Ulrike Klier, Michael Linnebacher

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors recognizing molecules expressed by pathogens, are typically expressed by immune cells. …”
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Activatable Sulfur Dioxide Nanosonosensitizer Enables Precisely Controllable Sono‐Gaseous Checkpoint Trimodal Therapy for Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Jing Liang, Guangwen Cheng, Luping Qiu, Liyun Xue, Huning Xu, Xiaohui Qiao, Na Guo, Huijing Xiang, Yu Chen, Hong Ding

“…This “activatable SO2 nanosonosensitizer,” Aza‐DNBS nanoparticles (NPs), are established by self‐assembling Aza‐boron‐dipyrromethene based sonosensitizer molecules and 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS)‐caged SO2 prodrug. …”
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FFAR4 (GPR120) Signaling Is Not Required for Anti-Inflammatory and Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids by Simone Isling Pærregaard, Marianne Agerholm, Annette Karen Serup, Tao Ma, Bente Kiens, Lise Madsen, Karsten Kristiansen, Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen

“…Moreover, ω3-PUFA fed mice had increased circulating protein levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin, decreased fasting insulin levels, and decreased mRNA expression of several proinflammatory molecules within visceral adipose tissue. In conclusion, we find that FFAR4 signaling is not required for the reported anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects mediated by ω3-PUFAs.…”
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Highly corrosion-resistant and photocatalytic hybrid coating on AZ31 Mg alloy via plasma electrolytic oxidation with organic-inorganic integration by Talitha Tara Thanaa, Mohammad Aadil, Alireza Askari, Arash Fattah-alhosseini, Mohammad Alkaseem, Mosab Kaseem

“…Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used to adjust the pH, improving the interaction and solubility between the organic molecules and the PEO coating. The hybrid coating exhibited unique twig-like surface structures that contributed to forming a multifunctional coating with high corrosion resistance and superior photocatalytic activity. …”
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Deletion of IRS-1 leads to growth failure and insulin resistance with downregulation of liver and muscle insulin signaling in rats by Yuka Toyoshima, Katsuyuki Nakamura, Yusuke Taguchi, Reiko Tokita, Shiho Takeuchi, Hayato Osawa, Naomi Teramoto, Hidetoshi Sugihara, Fumiaki Yoshizawa, Keitaro Yamanouchi, Shiro Minami

“…Abstract Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 are major molecules that transduce signals from insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors. …”
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Molecular Structure and Electronic Properties of Porphyrin-Thiophene-Perylene Using Quantum Chemical Calculation by Tatiya Chokbunpiam, Patchanita Thamyongkit, Oraphan Saengsawang, Supot Hannongbua

“…The structural and electronic properties of the molecules, and the effects of mono- and di-substituents R on C3 and R′ on C4 of the thiophene ring were investigated using a quantum calculation approach. …”
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Polysulfur-based bulking of dynamin-related protein 1 prevents ischemic sulfide catabolism and heart failure in mice by Akiyuki Nishimura, Seiryo Ogata, Xiaokang Tang, Kowit Hengphasatporn, Keitaro Umezawa, Makoto Sanbo, Masumi Hirabayashi, Yuri Kato, Yuko Ibuki, Yoshito Kumagai, Kenta Kobayashi, Yasunari Kanda, Yasuteru Urano, Yasuteru Shigeta, Takaaki Akaike, Motohiro Nishida

“…Abstract The presence of redox-active molecules containing catenated sulfur atoms (supersulfides) in living organisms has led to a review of the concepts of redox biology and its translational strategy. …”
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Experimental study on the drag reduction performance of sodium alginate in saline solutions by Zhensong Cheng, Xin Zhang, Xiaodong Dai, Hengli Zhai, Xinwang Song, Xudong Wang, Liang Gao, Guoxin Zhang, Yuan Lu, Lei Li, Xiu Yan, Jianhua Zhang

“…However, during the initial stage of turbulence, a small amount of salt facilitates the unfolding of sodium alginate molecules, thereby enhancing the drag reduction effect (ε > 100%). …”
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The solvent effect, preferential solvation of metformin hydrochloride in binary mixed solvents of methanol/ethanol + water mixtures from 278.15 K to 323.15 K by Adel Noubigh, Abdalazeem A. Omar, Manef Abderrabba

“…This enhanced solvation by water may be attributed to the disordered structure of the alcohol molecules surrounding the polar regions of MET-HCl. …”
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Laboratory Measurement of CH317OH Transitions in the Frequency Range from 216 to 264 GHz for Astronomical Application by Akemi Tamanai, Takahiro Oyama, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Takeshi Sakai, Riouhei Nakatani, Shaoshan Zeng, Isabelle Kleiner, Nami Sakai

“…Methanol is one of the most abundant complex organic molecules in interstellar environments. Molecular lines of its rare isotopologues ^12 CH _3 ^17 OH and ^12 CH _3 ^18 OH therefore play a crucial role in examining the column density of ^12 CH _3 ^16 OH, which serves as a reference for organic molecular chemistry in interstellar clouds. …”
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COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies by Ilker Polatoğlu, Tulay Oncu‐Oner, Irem Dalman, Senanur Ozdogan

“…Drug studies, therapeutic targets, various immunomodulators, and antiviral molecules applied to patients with COVID‐19 have been reviewed.…”
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