Natural selection and evolution: evolving concepts by Andre J. van Wijnen, Eric Lewallen

“…Cogent arguments can be raised for the view that natural selection should be considered a biological law, consistent with quantitative mathematical equations that describe the fitness of individuals, as well as variations within and among populations. …”
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Extended properties of nonlinear power system models that are symmetrically configured in the narrow sense by Elior Segev, Vladimir Zhuk, Elinor Ginzburg-Ganz, Juri Belikov, Yoash Levron

“…We continue here to explore properties of SCNS circuits, and provide two crucial extensions: first we explore circuits that are not passive, such as generators and inverters, and second we extend the mathematical formulation to apply to circuits that have more then one frame of reference. …”
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A data-driven modeling method for secondary frequency regulation characteristic of thermal power units by LI Zhijun, SHA Qianli, YAN Xinrong, YAN Gangui, ZHU Lin, FANG Zheng, LI Junhui

“…Next， a second-order model represents the mathematical model of the units， with online adjustments to the model's damping coefficients to enhance adaptability to changes in regulation intensity. …”
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Modeling of spatial extremes in environmental data science: time to move away from max-stable processes by Raphaël Huser, Thomas Opitz, Jennifer L. Wadsworth

“…However, while the asymptotic theory supporting the use of max-stable processes is mathematically rigorous and comprehensive, we think that it has also been overused, if not misused, in environmental applications, to the detriment of more purposeful and meticulously validated models. …”
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Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study of Human Lower Limb Joint Motion by Xin Zhou, Geng Liu, Bing Han, Kai Qiao, Xiaoli Liu

“…Based on the motion mechanism and biomechanics of human lower limb joints， the structure， function and motion law of human bones and joints are introduced. A simplified mathematical model of human lower limbs is established， and the posture coordinate equations of hip， knee and ankle joints are obtained. …”
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The Problem of Implementing the Systematic Synergetic Approach in Pedagogy by V. A. Ignatova

“…The main emphasis is on the adaptation of synergetic ideas, as a new cognitive model in educational content, and application of its mathematical apparatus to studying and managing the educational process. …”
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Calculation Method of Geometrical Center and Tooth Profile Error Calculation of Large Cylindrical Gear by Zhao Jun, Ye Ting, Guo Tiantai, Kong Ming, Wang Daodang, Lu Shouchuang

“…On the basis of the establishment of discrete data model of involute gear,a method to calculate the geometrical center of large cylindrical gear is put forward,and the corresponding mathematical model is established. According to the calculated result of gear center,the gear tooth profile error is calculated,and compared with the calculated result with the standard gear geometrical center known. …”
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON THE CORROSION RATE OF HIGH-CHROMIUM CAST IRON by V. V. Netrebko, I. P. Volchok

“…After decreasing the chromium content in these areas below 12% the corrosion processes activated. Using the mathematical experimental design techniques the regression dependence between the corrosion rate of the cast irons and content of C, Cr, Mn and Ni in them was established. …”
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A Quantified Description of the Coupling between the Reaching Direction and Elbow Axis Direction by M. M. Stanišić, C. M. Goehler, M. Tomšič

“…The human body continues to be an inspiration for the work of a myriad of different fields, both scientific and mathematic. In particular, robotics draws upon the motions and relationships of different human systems in order to reproduce similar mobility while performing different tasks. …”
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Automatic Detection of Hard Exudate in Color Retinal Fundus Image and Diabetic Maculopathy Grading by Rajesh I. S., Bharati M. Reshmi, Bharathi Malakreddy A, Shavantrevva Bilakeri

“…This study introduces a novel approach leveraging mathematical morphology for the automated detection of HEs and grading of diabetic maculopathy using color fundus images. …”
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Grid Scheduling of Super-Peer Model Based on Price Timed Petri Net by Shanliang Pan, Xi Huang, Qinjiao Mao

“…Price timed Petri net which was a powerful graphical and mathematical tool was used to formally and hierarchically model grid scheduling, in order to have better understanding about it. …”
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AHP-based geospatial analysis for landslide susceptibility zonation in Wayanad District by Irshad Tharayil, T Harikrishnan, Bose Mahalingam, Kurniati Titi

“…The final landslide susceptibility zonation map was validated using appropriate mathematical treatment to check their correctness with the help of landslide inventory points.…”
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Emergence of power law distributions in protein-protein interaction networks through study bias by David B Blumenthal, Marta Lucchetta, Linda Kleist, Sándor P Fekete, Markus List, Martin H Schaefer

“…Our findings are supported by mathematical models and extensive simulations, and indicate that study bias and technical bias suffice to produce the observed PL distribution. …”
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Design and Motion Analysis of an Automatic Retractable Manipulator for a Vehicle-mounted Wheelchair by Cui Jiahui, Li Lin, Liang Dong, Qin Chengxin

“…A five degrees of freedom manipulator for automatic retractable vehicle-mounted wheelchairs is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the manipulator is established according to the D-H method, and the forward and inverse kinematics analysis is carried out. …”
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Kinematics Analysis and Simulation of Line-driven Hedge Trimming Manipulator by Xue Zan, Luo Tianhong, Chen Cai

“…The forward kinematics mathematical model of 10-DOF manipulator is analyzed based on D-H parameter method. …”
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Three-level voltage control algorithm in distributed electrical networks with solar photovoltaic systems by V. P. Kuzmenko

“…The study employs methods of mathematical averaging of time series and optimization based on the analysis of real data. …”
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Problem Analysis of Asaoka Method on the Post-construction Settlement Prediction of Soft Ground by ZHOU Yuelei, LIU Zhonghan

“…In view of uncertainty of Asaoka method on the post-construction settlement prediction of soft ground,this paper transforms the measured data at constant time interval through BP neural network with good nonlinear fitting ability,establishes the regression analysis model at different starting points and different time intervals based on Asaoka method,predicts the post-construction settlement by the model and analyze the stability of the predicted value through mathematical methods,as well as comprehensively analyzes the stability of the prediction results with the measured data of a soft foundation treatment project.The analysis results show that:①BP neural network with good nonlinear fitting ability is effectively used in the transformation of the measured data of soft ground;②It is not advisable to judge the reliability of Asaoka method by the correlation coefficient;③The small error of β₁ can cause significant error to the prediction results;④The reliability of prediction results can be increased by expanding time interval.…”
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Research of the Special Processing Equipment Development and Trial Production of Roller Enveloping End Face Engagement Worm Pair by Kai Wang

“…According to the transmission principle and mathematical model of the roller envelope end face meshing worm drive， the conjugate relationship of the roller envelope end face meshing worm is analyzed， and the design scheme of the roller envelope end face meshing worm special processing equipment is proposed， and the special processing equipment is developed and carried out. …”
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Research of the Lapping Burn and Inhibition of Hypoid Gear by Liu Xianghuan, Liu Defu, Chen Tao, Zhang Yu

“…By establishing the mathematical model of the hypoid gear meshing point relative sliding and by calculating the relative sliding speed of each meshing point,it’s found that the burned area of tooth surface is the biggest relative sliding velocity. …”
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On the Rotor Stator Interaction Effects of Low Specific Speed Francis Turbines by Einar Agnalt, Igor Iliev, Bjørn W. Solemslie, Ole G. Dahlhaug

“…The measured pressure is fitted to a mathematical pressure model to separate the two effects for two different runners. …”
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