Applying the carbon materials in TSVs array for enhancing heat transfer performance of three-dimensional integrated circuits by Peng Xu, Huan Huang, Songjie Zhao, Xiushan Liu, Fa Zou, Chao Li, Jun Ai, Hui Liu

“…This paper proposed the carbon materials (including MLGNR, MWCNT and SWCNT) to replace the traditional Cu as the filler of through silicon via (TSV) for enhancing heat transfer performance of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3-D ICs), meanwhile the corresponding mathematical model is established to quickly obtain steady-state temperature of each die layer. …”
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Design Improvements and Best Practices in Small-Scale Biodigesters for Sustainable Biogas Production: A Case Study in the Chillon Valley, Perú by Yoisdel Castillo Alvarez, Reinier Jiménez Borges, Carlos Diego Patiño Vidal, Fanny Mabel Carhuancho Leon, José Santos Pinares Buendia, Jose Alberto Samaniego Nolasco

“…The substrates considered were 30% organic waste and 70% bovine manure, achieving an average production of 63.75 L CH₄/kg of organic matter, which exceeded the usual yields of small biodigesters. A mathematical model was created and applied to the case study with an R² correlation of 98% and a pseudo-R² of 89.5%, evidencing a remarkable predictive capacity. …”
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Statistical Distribution of Urban Area Reveals a Converging Trend of Global Urban Land Expansion by Shengjie Hu, Zhenlei Yang, Sergio Andres Galindo Torres, Zipeng Wang, Haoying Han, Yoshihide Wada, Thomas Cherico Wanger, Ling Li

“…This trend is well captured by a unified mathematical model based on the shifted power law distribution function and is reflected in the gradual predominance of medium‐size cities over small‐size cities in the configuration of urban systems across the world. …”
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Modeling the role of healthcare access inequalities in epidemic outcomes by Oscar Patterson-Lomba, Muntaser Safan, Sherry Towers, Jay Taylor

“…Here we formulate a mathematical model to study the effect of healthcare disparities on the spread of an infectious disease that does not confer lasting immunity, such as is true of certain STD's. …”
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Evaluating the Impact Performance of Environmentally Friendly Asphalt Concrete Slabs Containing Different Proportions of Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Corrugated Steel Fibers by Walid Mansour, Diaa Ashraf, Ali Basha

“…Moreover, due to the low accuracy of existing mathematical models for predicting the penetration depth of asphalt slabs made with RCA, this research presents a developed mathematical model capable of accurately predicting the penetration depth of such slabs. …”
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Tracking Control for Mobile Robots Considering the Dynamics of All Their Subsystems: Experimental Implementation by José Rafael García-Sánchez, Ramón Silva-Ortigoza, Salvador Tavera-Mosqueda, Celso Márquez-Sánchez, Victor Manuel Hernández-Guzmán, Mayra Antonio-Cruz, Gilberto Silva-Ortigoza, Hind Taud

“…The trajectory tracking task in a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) is solved by proposing a three-level hierarchical controller that considers the mathematical model of the mechanical structure (differential drive WMR), actuators (DC motors), and power stage (DC/DC Buck power converters). …”
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Measurement and Numerical Simulation of Ground and Subgrade Vibrations of Beijing Urban Rail Line 13 by Futong Wang, Leilei Yan, Qi Jiang, Xiaxin Tao

“…In this paper, we investigate the vibration of the ground and the subgrade next to the Beijing Urban Rail Line 13 by a field measurement combined with a mathematical model. The duration of ground vibration is divided into two parts: the train passing time and the Doppler effect-related tailing part. …”
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A data-driven modeling method for secondary frequency regulation characteristic of thermal power units by LI Zhijun, SHA Qianli, YAN Xinrong, YAN Gangui, ZHU Lin, FANG Zheng, LI Junhui

“…Next， a second-order model represents the mathematical model of the units， with online adjustments to the model's damping coefficients to enhance adaptability to changes in regulation intensity. …”
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Management of Energy Exchange Process on Metro Rolling Stock with On-Board Capacitive Energy Storage by Sulym A.O., Khozia P.O., Fomin O.V., Bahrov O.M.

“…The first task is to create a mathematical model and to define the requirements to control system for energy exchange processes currently being developed for metro rolling stock with capacitive energy storage devices. …”
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Analytical Analysis of the Mechanism and Mitigation Methods of Transient Overvoltage in Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Generators Connected to Weak Power System by Xu Tian, Shengtao Wu, Luran Wei, Lixin Zhang, Nan Wang, Quan Zheng

“…Addressing this issue, this paper establishes a mathematical model for the grid-connected system of direct-drive wind turbine generators. …”
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Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of wind power hybrid energy storage system by Caifeng Wen, Yalin Lyu, Qian Du, Boxin Zhang, Xuhui Lian, Qiang Wang, Hongliang Hao

“…In this paper, the operation characteristics of the system are related to the energy quality, and the operation strategy of the wind power hybrid energy storage system is proposed based on the exergoeconomics. First, the mathematical model of wind power hybrid energy storage system is established based on exergoeconomics. …”
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Real‐Time Monitoring of Ionosphere VTEC Using Multi‐GNSS Carrier‐Phase Observations and B‐Splines by Eren Erdogan, Michael Schmidt, Andreas Goss, Barbara Görres, Florian Seitz

“…The selection of a convenient approach to extract ionosphere information from GNSS and the representation of VTEC by an appropriate mathematical model are essential factors for providing fast and accurate ionosphere products. …”
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Rub-Impact Force Induces Periodic, Quasiperiodic, and Chaotic Motions of a Controlled Asymmetric Rotor System by N. A. Saeed, Emad Mahrous Awwad, Ali Maarouf, Hassan M. H. Farh, Fahd A. Alturki, Jan Awrejcewicz

“…The equations of motion that govern the whole system dynamics are derived including the rub and impact forces. The derived mathematical model is analyzed in two basic steps. Firstly, the obtained model is treated as a weakly nonlinear system using perturbation analysis to obtain the slow-flow modulating equations when neglecting the rub and impact forces. …”
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Activation of implementation of information modelling technologies in the Russian construction industry by I. G. Lukmanova, E. V. Ukhalkin

“…The proposed algorithms, economic and mathematical model for calculating the expected economic effect will enable Russian construction companies to reasonably approach the process of introducing BIM in the implementation of investment and construction projects.…”
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Application of sustainability indicators for the evaluation and selection of robust organic-rich wastewater treatment technology for resource recovery by Chrisogoni Paschal, Mwemezi J. Rwiza, Karoli N. Njau

“…Economic, environmental, and social sustainability indicators were used in a mathematical model to select a sustainable technology for organic-rich wastewater treatment for resource recovery. …”
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A reliable supply chain network design for perishable crops with disruption risk consideration (case study: tomato supply chain) by Fateme Letafat, Mohammad Reza Gholamian, Mahsa Arabi

“…Moreover, a real case study has been implemented in Iran to prove the applicability of the addressed model.Findings: The results and sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model indicate that by planning the planting and harvesting While optimizing the chain's profit, it is possible to respond well to society's product demand. …”
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Multi mode coordinated control algorithm for DC near-field photovoltaic based on adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization by Hua Weng, Weijun Zhu, Jun Wu

“…The operation of distributed photovoltaic system is divided into five modes: single-machine reactive power regulation, multi-machine reactive power coordination, active power reduction mode in multi machine systems, Existing power recovery models and reactive power recovery mode; So the mathematical model of the inverter main controller is constructed, using adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the model, in order to improve solving efficiency and accuracy Committed to overcoming the limitations of slow convergence speed and susceptibility to local optima in particle swarm optimization algorithms, in order to optimize algorithm performance, when optimizing the particle swarm optimization algorithm, synchronously tuning the learning factor and inertia weight parameters is aimed at accelerating the convergence process and improving the accuracy of the algorithm. …”
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A novel 3D analytical model and numerical study of bimorph piezoelectric actuators in d33 mode by A. Almusallam, M.A. Belaid

“…This paper presents a detailed 3D mathematical model for the representative volume element (RVE) of bimorph d33-mode piezoelectric actuators, to examine the intensity and distribution of the electric field Ep and strain S within the piezoelectric material across different planes and under varying conditions. …”
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Quality assurance multi-component environments moved belt conveyors energy saving pulsed magnetic extraction by О. S. Parsentev, T. A. Musaev

“…To increase the extraction capacity during the purification of non-magnetic granular media, a design of a combined iron separator proposed. Mathematical modeling of the operation of the electromagnetic system of the combined iron separator of the transport system is carried out, on the basis of which a mathematical model of the magnetic field in its working area is proposed, which makes it possible to determine the extracting force from the windings with and current. …”
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Constructing a new index for measuring industrial estate readiness using the analytic network process (ANP) approach by Siti Afiani Musyarofah, Alva Edy Tontowi, Nur Aini Masruroh, Budhi Sholeh Wibowo

“…Next, the structure of the IE readiness index was designed by selecting the subindices and indicators. The IERI mathematical model framework was developed to obtain the IERI formula, and the weights of the IERI factors were calculated via the analytic network process (ANP) approach. …”
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