Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma by Lin Zhong MM, Anqing Lu MB, Xiyue Lu MM, Xiaoyin Liu MD, Lujia Cao MM, Shihong Zhu MM, SiJun Diao MM, Xu Cheng MM, Hongwei Wu MB, Jing Chen MD

“…With a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of PCNSL, various therapies, including CD20 monoclonal antibodies, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cells are increasingly being applied and have demonstrated considerable efficacy. …”
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The Development of Methods of BLOTCHIP^®-MS for Peptidome: Small Samples in Tuberous Sclerosis by Kunio Yui, George Imataka, Kotaro Yuge, Hitomi Sasaki, Tadashi Shiohama, Kyoichi Asada, Hidehisa Tachiki

“…Mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes result in the constitutive hyperactivation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, contributing to the growth of benign tumors or hamartomas in various organs. …”
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Catecholaminergic dysfunction drives postural and locomotor deficits in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy by John G. Pagiazitis, Nicolas Delestrée, Leonie Sowoidnich, Nandhini Sivakumar, Christian M. Simon, Athanasios Chatzisotiriou, Maria Albani, George Z. Mentis

“…Summary: Development and maintenance of posture is essential behavior for overground mammalian locomotion. Dopamine and noradrenaline strongly influence locomotion, and their dysregulation initiates the development of motor impairments linked to neurodegenerative disease. …”
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Versatile application of fast green FCF as a visible cholangiogram in adult mice to medium-sized mammals by Tomoyuki Niimi, Nanae Miyazaki, Hironobu Oiki, Mami Uemura, Shihan Zeng, Watcharapon Promsut, Noriaki Ota, Shunji Nonaka, Hajime Takei, Hiroshi Nittono, Seiko Narushima, Ayaka Yanagida, Ryuji Hiramatsu, Masami Kanai-Azuma, Shohei Takami, Jun Fujishiro, Yoshiakira Kanai

“…These findings underscore the efficacy of FG in facilitating progressive cholangiography across mammalian species.…”
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OSP-1 protects neurons from autophagic cell death induced by acute oxidative stress by Alessandra Donato, Fiona K. Ritchie, Lachlan Lu, Mehershad Wadia, Ramon Martinez-Marmol, Eva Kaulich, Kornraviya Sankorrakul, Hang Lu, Sean Coakley, Elizabeth J. Coulson, Massimo A. Hilliard

“…Using rodent and human cell cultures, we also show that the protective effect of OSP-1 extends to mammalian cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that OSP-1 functions in a strictly cell-autonomous fashion, and that it localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it has an ER-remodeling function. …”
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Recreational trail use alters mammal diel and space use during and after COVID-19 restrictions in a U.S. national park by Hailey M. Boone, Mark Romanski, Kenneth Kellner, Roland Kays, Lynette Potvin, Gary Roloff, Jerrold L. Belant

“…Reducing visitation during the peak visitor season or redistributing the number of visitors across the overall visitor season could reduce mammalian responses to human visitation.…”
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Gestation Related Gene Expression of the Endocannabinoid Pathway in Rat Placenta by Kanchan Vaswani, Hsiu-Wen Chan, Hassendrini N. Peiris, Marloes Dekker Nitert, Ryan J. Wood Bradley, James A. Armitage, Gregory E. Rice, Murray D. Mitchell

“…Mammalian placentation is a vital facet of the development of a healthy and viable offspring. …”
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Cysteine Rich Intestinal Protein 2 is a copper-responsive regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation and metal homeostasis. by Odette Verdejo-Torres, David C Klein, Lorena Novoa-Aponte, Jaime Carrazco-Carrillo, Denzel Bonilla-Pinto, Antonio Rivera, Arpie Bakhshian, Fa'alataitaua M Fitisemanu, Martha L Jiménez-González, Lyra Flinn, Aidan T Pezacki, Antonio Lanzirotti, Luis Antonio Ortiz Frade, Christopher J Chang, Juan G Navea, Crysten E Blaby-Haas, Sarah J Hainer, Teresita Padilla-Benavides

“…Here we show the role of a novel Cu-binding protein (Cu-BP) in mammalian transcriptional regulation, specifically on skeletal muscle differentiation using murine primary myoblasts. …”
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Lactoferrin: a secret weapon in the war against pathogenic bacteria by Lucero Ruiz-Mazón, Gerardo Ramírez-Rico, Mireya de la Garza

“…A key in this race against the clock could be lactoferrin (Lf), a cationic glycoprotein of the mammalian innate immune system that is highly conserved among mammals. …”
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<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill. Essential Oil: Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Potentials by Employing Three Cytogenetic Endpoints by Tsvetelina Gerasimova, Svetla Gateva, Gabriele Jovtchev, Tsveta Angelova, Margarita Topashka-Ancheva, Ana Dobreva, Milka Mileva

“…EsO (EsORdm) in three different test systems: plant root meristem cells, mammalian bone marrow cells, and human lymphocyte cultures. …”
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The AMPK–mTOR Pathway Is Inhibited by Chaihu Shugan Powder, Which Relieves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Suppressing Autophagic Ferroptosis by Zheng Liang, Dajin Pi, Jianwei Zhen, Haizhen Yan, Chuiyang Zheng, July Liang Chen, Wen Fan, Qingliang Song, Jinyue Pan, Dongdong Liu, Maoxing Pan, Qinhe Yang, Yupei Zhang

“…The liver protein levels of Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase–mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK–mTOR)-mediated autophagy and ferroptosis markers, such as p-AMPKα/AMPKα, p-mTOR/mTOR, Beclin-1, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma (LC3), p62 (sequestosome 1 [SQSTM1/p62]), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were restored by CSP. …”
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Role of lipid binding protein, Niemann pick type C-2, in enhancing shrimp sperm physiological function by Thitiporn Khongkha, Alyssa Rattanadechakul, Piyaporn Surinlert, Orawan Thongsum, Supawich Boonkua, Kessiri Kongmanas, Monsicha Somrit, Wattana Weerachatyanukul, Somluk Asuvapongpatana

“…In mammals, the universal anticipation in cholesterol (CHO) sequestration plays a role in mammalian sperm maturation/capacitation, subsequently enhancing sperm fertilizing ability. …”
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The identification of a SARs-CoV2 S2 protein derived peptide with super-antigen-like stimulatory properties on T-cells by Thai Hien Tu, Fatima Ezzahra Bennani, Nasser Masroori, Chen Liu, Atena Nemati, Nicholas Rozza, Amichai Meir Grunbaum, Richard Kremer, Catalin Milhalcioiu, Denis-Claude Roy, Christopher E. Rudd

“…While the clinical significance of P3 in COVID-19 remains unclear, its homology to other mammalian proteins suggests a potential role for this peptide family in human inflammation and autoimmunity.…”
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De Novo Genome Assembly for an Endangered Lemur Using Portable Nanopore Sequencing in Rural Madagascar by Lindsey Hauff, Noa Elosmie Rasoanaivo, Andriamahery Razafindrakoto, Hajanirina Ravelonjanahary, Patricia C. Wright, Rindra Rakotoarivony, Christina M. Bergey

“…ABSTRACT As one of the most threatened mammalian taxa, lemurs of Madagascar are facing unprecedented anthropogenic pressures. …”
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In vivo antitumor activity of PHT-427 inhibitor-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by Joaquín Yanes-Díaz, Raquel Palao-Suay, Francisca Inmaculada Camacho-Castañeda, Juan Riestra-Ayora, María Rosa Aguilar, Ricardo Sanz-Fernández, Carolina Sánchez-Rodríguez

“…PHT-427 is a dual inhibitor of PI3K and the mammalian target of AKT/PDK1. This study evaluates the anticancer efficacy of the inhibitor PHT-427 loaded into polymeric nanoparticles (NP) based on α-TOS (NP-427) administered by intratumoral injection into a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu cells) heterotopic xenograft mouse model. …”
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Practical advice for extracellular vesicle isolation in plant–microbe interactions: Concerns, considerations, and conclusions by Hannah Thieron, Laura Krassini, Seomun Kwon, Sebastian Fricke, Sabrine Nasfi, Lorenz Oberkofler, Alessa Ruf, Julia Kehr, Karl‐Heinz Kogel, Arne Weiberg, Michael Feldbrügge, Silke Robatzek, Ralph Panstruga

“…While it is immensely useful to draw on the established “minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles” (MISEV) guidelines and precedents in mammalian systems, working with plants and their associated microbes poses specific challenges. …”
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Sheep Trophoblast Cells through mTOR Pathway-Mediated Autophagy by Kexing Hao, Jing Wang, Hengbin Yu, Lei Chen, Weibin Zeng, Zhengrong Wang, Guangdong Hu

“…We found that PPARγ inhibited the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in STCs for a certain period of time, promoted the increase of autophagy and lysosome formation, and enhanced the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglycerides. …”
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Flavouring group evaluation 418 (FGE. 418): 3‐[3‐(2‐isopropyl‐5‐methyl‐cyclohexyl)‐ureido]‐butyric acid ethyl ester by EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), Laurence Castle, Monica Andreassen, Gabriele Aquilina, Maria Bastos, Polly Boon, Biagio Fallico, Reginald FitzGerald, Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Ursula Gundert‐Remy, Rainer Gürtler, Eric Houdeau, Marcin Kurek, Henriqueta Louro, Patricia Morales, Sabina Passamonti, Romualdo Benigni, Kevin Chipman, Eugenia Cordelli, Gisela Degen, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Paul Fowler, Maria Carfí, Gabriele Gagliardi, Agnieszka Mech, Salvatore Multari, Carla Martino

“…[FL‐no: 16.136] did not show genotoxic effects in bacterial mutagenicity and mammalian cell micronucleus assays in vitro. No ADME studies on [FL‐no: 16.136] were provided. …”
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Engineering hydrophobicity and manufacturability for optimized biparatopic antibody–drug conjugates targeting c-MET by Andreas Evers, Simon Krah, Deniz Demir, Ramona Gaa, Desislava Elter, Christian Schroeter, Stefan Zielonka, Nicolas Rasche, Julia Dotterweich, Christine Knuehl, Achim Doerner

“…In addition to rational design of HCDR2 and HCDR3 mutations, site-specific spiking libraries were generated and screened in yeast and mammalian surface display approaches. Comparative analyses revealed similar positions amendable for hydrophobicity reduction, with a broad combinatorial diversity obtained from library outputs. …”
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Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) by Mercy Makopa, Benjamin Mangiza, Benjamin Banda, Winnie Mozirandi, Molly Mombeshora, Stanley Mukanganyama

“…The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was determined against mammalian α-glucosidase in vitro. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility of the microbial strains towards the leaf extracts. …”
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