Metformin in the treatment of colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours by Karolina Daniłowska, Natalia Picheta, Barbara I. Krupska, Anna Rudzińska, Oliwia Burdan, Katarzyna Szklener

“…The biguanide works by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, activating 5’AMP activated protein kinase, and reducing insulin-like growth factor 1. …”
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Auditory Stimulation Dishabituates Olfactory Responses via Noradrenergic Cortical Modulation by Jonathan J. Smith, Kiseko Shionoya, Regina M. Sullivan, Donald A. Wilson

“…Dishabituation is a return of a habituated response if context or contingency changes. In the mammalian olfactory system, metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated synaptic depression of cortical afferents underlies short-term habituation to odors. …”
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Placenta-Specific Protein 1 Is Conserved throughout the Placentalia under Purifying Selection by Eric J. Devor

“…Placental mammals (Placentalia) are a very successful group that, today, comprise 94% of all mammalian species. Recent phylogenetic analyses, coupled with new, quite complete fossils, suggest that the crown orders were all established rapidly from a common ancestor just after the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary 65 million years ago. …”
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Dentate gyrus norepinephrine ramping facilitates aversive contextual processing by Eric T. Zhang, Grace S. Saglimbeni, Jiesi Feng, Yulong Li, Michael R. Bruchas

“…The DG also receives dense projections from the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the mammalian brain, which is active during stressful events. …”
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Sulfurous Gases As Biological Messengers and Toxins: Comparative Genetics of Their Metabolism in Model Organisms by Neal D. Mathew, David I. Schlipalius, Paul R. Ebert

“…In C. elegans, we find genes for all mammalian pathways for synthesis and catabolism of the three sulfur containing gasotransmitters, H2S, SO2 and COS. …”
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Small mammals of the suburban areas of Warsaw in the diet of the tawny owl Strix aluco by Jerzy Romanowski, Grzegorz Lesiński, Marta Bardzińska

“…Rodents constituted the most numerous mammalian order. Among the most abundant prey we recorded were Myodes glareolus (63 individuals = 10.3% of all mammals), Apodemus agrarius (56 individuals = 9.2%) (173), Apodemus flavicollis (54 individuals = 8.8%), Mus musculus (48 individuals = 7.9%) and Microtus arvalis (44 individuals = 7.2%). …”
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Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative animal model in fat metabolism studies by Dilan de Silva, Mangala Gunatilake

“…Fat storage in Drosophila occurs in the form of lipid droplets carrying cholesterol and triacylglycerol which are accumulated primarily in the fat body – the analogous Drosophila organ to mammalian adipose tissue. Moreover, the Drosophila fat body has showcased its role in storage and metabolic regulation, akin to the function of the liver in mammals. …”
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The ADF/Cofilin-Pathway and Actin Dynamics in Podocyte Injury by Beina Teng, Alexander Lukasz, Mario Schiffer

“…ADF/cofilins are the major regulators of actin dynamics in mammalian cells. The activation of ADF/cofilins is controlled by a variety of regulatory mechanisms. …”
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Assortment of GABAergic Plasticity in the Cortical Interneuron Melting Pot by Pablo Méndez, Alberto Bacci

“…Cortical structures of the adult mammalian brain are characterized by a spectacular diversity of inhibitory interneurons, which use GABA as neurotransmitter. …”
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Promising Response with PI3K Inhibitor for a Patient with Heavily Pretreated PIK3CA Mutation Head-and-Neck Cancer by Ming-Jing Lee, Hsiang-Fong Kao

“…Several pathways have been identified in HNSCC, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently dysregulated in various cancers due to activating mutations or amplification of PIK3CA. …”
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A simple model for Behavioral Time Scale Synaptic Plasticity (BTSP) provides content addressable memory with binary synapses and one-shot learning by Yujie Wu, Wolfgang Maass

“…Abstract Recent experimental studies in the awake brain have identified a rule for synaptic plasticity that is instrumental for the instantaneous creation of memory traces in area CA1 of the mammalian brain: Behavioral Time scale Synaptic Plasticity. …”
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Conserved multisensory integration of social cues in the thalamus by Lukas Anneser, Johannes Maximilian Kappel

“…These inputs are mostly processed in the mammalian colliculi and homologous structures in other vertebrates and are subsequently integrated in the posterior thalamus. …”
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Simultaneous prediction of 10m and 100m wind speeds using a model inspired by brain emotional learning by Alireza Hakimi, Parvin Ghafarian

“…This study introduces the brain emotional learning based on basic and functional memories (BELBFM) model, inspired by adaptive emotional learning mechanisms in the mammalian brain, to predict wind speeds at both altitudes simultaneously. …”
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A Model H5N2 Vaccine Strain for Dual Protection Against H5N1 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses by Jin-Ha Song, Seung-Eun Son, Ho-Won Kim, Se-Hee An, Chung-Young Lee, Hyuk-Joon Kwon, Kang-Seuk Choi

“…The productivity of the model vaccine strain (rvH5N2-aM2e-vPB2) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs), its potential risk of mammalian infection, and the immunogenicity associated with different inactivation methods (formaldehyde (F/A) vs. binary ethyleneimine (BEI)) were evaluated. …”
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Alphaherpesvirus in Pets and Livestock by Shu-Hui Duan, Ze-Min Li, Xue-Jie Yu, Dan Li

“…Herpesviruses are a group of DNA viruses capable of infecting multiple mammalian species, including humans. This review primarily summarizes four common alphaherpesviruses found in pets and livestock (feline, swine, canine, and bovine) in aspects such as epidemiology, immune evasion, and latency and reactivation. …”
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State of competition: conceptual shoehorning behind priority on calcitonin precursor biosynthesis by Enrique Wulff

“…However, it was José Fernández Nonídez from the Spanish School of Histology, died in Augusta (Georgia, USA) in 1947, whose expertise in the parafollicular cells of the mammalian thyroid had led him to an advanced understanding of this separate endocrine organ, which secretes calcitonin. …”
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Rapid expansion and specialization of the TAS2R bitter taste receptor family in amphibians. by Kathleen W Higgins, Akihiro Itoigawa, Yasuka Toda, Daniel Winston Bellott, Rachel Anderson, Roberto Márquez, Jing-Ke Weng

“…TAS2Rs are a family of G protein-coupled receptors that function as bitter taste receptors in vertebrates. Mammalian TAS2Rs have historically garnered the most attention, leading to our understanding of their roles in taste perception relevant to human physiology and behaviors. …”
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Alpha-gal syndrome and the gastrointestinal reaction: a narrative review by Susan B. H. Propst, Dorothea K. Thompson, Dorothea K. Thompson

“…Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an atypical and under-recognized allergy characterized by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose, a carbohydrate found in non-primate mammalian meat and derived products. This review of the current literature on AGS focuses on GI manifestations and diagnostic challenges. …”
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Modulation by NPY/NPF-like receptor underlies experience-dependent, sexually dimorphic learning by Sonu Peedikayil-Kurien, Rizwanul Haque, Asaf Gat, Meital Oren-Suissa

“…Transcriptomic and behavioral analysis revealed that the neuropeptide receptor npr-5, an ortholog of the mammalian NPY/NPF-like receptor, regulates male learning by modulating neuronal activity. …”
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Can Humanity Thrive Beyond the Galaxy? by Sayaka WAKAYAMA, Teruhiko WAKAYAMA

“…This review will therefore focus primarily on issues related to mammalian reproduction in space environments.…”
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