Variability of Ionosphere Over Indian Longitudes to a Variety of Space Weather Events During December 2006 by Alok Kuman Ranjan, M. V. Sunil Krishna, C. Amory‐Mazaudier, R. Fleury, S. Sripathi, Geeta Vichare, W. Younas

“…On the next day, a stream of fast solar wind hits the magnetosphere, causing a HILDCAA (High Intensity Long Duration Continuous Auroral Activity) preceded by moderate geomagnetic storm. …”
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Solar Wind Data Assimilation in an Operational Context: Use of Near‐Real‐Time Data and the Forecast Value of an L5 Monitor by Harriet Turner, Matthew Lang, Mathew Owens, Andy Smith, Pete Riley, Mike Marsh, Siegfried Gonzi

“…Abstract For accurate and timely space weather forecasting, advanced knowledge of the ambient solar wind is required, both for its direct impact on the magnetosphere and for accurately forecasting the propagation of coronal mass ejections to Earth. …”
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Modeling the Dynamic Variability of Sub‐Relativistic Outer Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes Using Machine Learning by Donglai Ma, Xiangning Chu, Jacob Bortnik, Seth G. Claudepierre, W. Kent Tobiska, Alfredo Cruz, S. Dave Bouwer, Joseph F. Fennell, J. Bernard Blake

“…The general framework of building our model is not limited to radiation belt fluxes and could be used to build machine learning models for a variety of other plasma parameters in the Earth's magnetosphere.…”
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Long‐Term Observations of Galactic Cosmic Ray LET Spectra in Lunar Orbit by LRO/CRaTER by M. D. Looper, J. E. Mazur, J. B. Blake, H. E. Spence, N. A. Schwadron, J. K. Wilson, A. P. Jordan, C. Zeitlin, A. W. Case, J. C. Kasper, L. W. Townsend, T. J. Stubbs

“…From this vantage point, it samples the interplanetary energetic particle population outside the shielding of the Earth's magnetosphere. We report the sensor's observations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) over a complete solar activity cycle. …”
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Determination of the Analytical Solutions of the Radio Emission Geometry and Polar Cap Structure of Pulsars Having Perturbed Dipole by Tridib Roy, Mageshwaran Tamilan, Ramkrishna Das

“…., with a scale factor ζ _p = J / J _GJ close to 1 in the closed field line region) can lead to a structure resembling a cosmic-combed magnetosphere.…”
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Improving the Electron Radiation Belt Nowcast and Forecast Using the SafeSpace Data Assimilation Modeling Pipeline by A. Brunet, N. Dahmen, C. Katsavrias, O. Santolík, G. Bernoux, V. Pierrard, E. Botek, F. Darrouzet, A. Nasi, S. Aminalragia‐Giamini, C. Papadimitriou, S. Bourdarie, I. A. Daglis

“…In this paper, we present the inner magnetosphere section of the SafeSpace pipeline that relies on solar wind driven and hourly updated models that describe the trapped electron environment (VLF waves, cold plasma and seed population densities), as well as the physical processes to which the trapped electrons are subjected to, such as radial diffusion and wave particle interactions. …”
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MagNet—A Data‐Science Competition to Predict Disturbance Storm‐Time Index (Dst) From Solar Wind Data by Manoj Nair, Rob Redmon, Li‐Yin Young, Arnaud Chulliat, Belinda Trotta, Christine Chung, Greg Lipstein, Isaac Slavitt

“…Abstract Enhanced interaction between solar‐wind and Earth's magnetosphere can cause space weather and geomagnetic storms that have the potential to damage critical technologies, such as magnetic navigation, radio communications, and power grids. …”
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Comparisons of Energetic Electron Observations Between FIREBIRD‐II CubeSats and POES/MetOp Satellites From 2018 to 2020 by I. M. Householder, K. A. Duderstadt, J. M. Pettit, A. T. Johnson, C.‐L. Huang, A. B. Crew, D. M. Klumpar, T. Raeder, J. G. Sample, M. Shumko, S. S. Smith, H. E. Spence

“…Abstract Precipitation into the atmosphere is one of the main processes by which high energy electrons trapped in Earth's inner magnetosphere are lost from the system. Precipitating electrons can affect the chemical composition of the atmosphere and provide insight into the complex dynamics of the Van Allen radiation belts. …”
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Global Geomagnetic Perturbation Forecasting Using Deep Learning by Vishal Upendran, Panagiotis Tigas, Banafsheh Ferdousi, Téo Bloch, Mark C. M. Cheung, Siddha Ganju, Asti Bhatt, Ryan M. McGranaghan, Yarin Gal

“…Abstract Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) arise from spatio‐temporal changes to Earth's magnetic field, which arise from the interaction of the solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere, and drive catastrophic destruction to our technologically dependent society. …”
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Distribution and Evolution of Chorus Waves Modeled by a Neural Network: The Importance of Imbalanced Regression by Xiangning Chu, Jacob Bortnik, Wen Li, Xiao‐Chen Shen, Qianli Ma, Donglai Ma, David Malaspina, Sheng Huang

“…Abstract Whistler‐mode chorus waves play an essential role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere, with the more intense waves producing the most dramatic effects. …”
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Influences of Solar Wind Parameters on Energetic Electron Fluxes at Geosynchronous Orbit Revealed by the Deep SHAP Method by Jianhang Wang, Zheng Xiang, Binbin Ni, Deyu Guo, Yangxizi Liu, Junhu Dong, Jingle Hu, Haozhi Guo

“…Abstract Solar wind is an intermediary in energy transfer from the Sun into the Earth's magnetosphere, and is considered as a decisive driver of energetic electron dynamics at the geosynchronous orbit (GEO). …”
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Long‐Term Monitoring of Energetic Protons at the Bottom of Earth’s Radiation Belt by K. Yoshioka, Y. Miyoshi, S. Kurita, M. Teramoto, F. Tsuchiya, A. Yamazaki, G. Murakami, T. Kimura, H. Kita, I. Yoshikawa, Y. Kasaba

“…This is because the orbits of satellites that are designed to cover large areas of the magnetosphere are not suitable for long‐term continuous observations at low altitudes. …”
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Simulation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in a Low‐Latitude 500 kV Power Network During a Solar Superstorm by J. J. Zhang, Y. Q. Yu, W. Q. Chen, C. Wang, Y. D. Liu, C. M. Liu, L. G. Liu

“…Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are one of the main manifestations through which space weather affects human technical facilities, and GICs constitute the final link in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐ground interaction chain. Therefore, understanding the responses of power grids to solar superstorms is crucial for space weather research and emergency preparedness purposes. …”
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Impact Angle Control of Local Intense dB/dt Variations During Shock‐Induced Substorms by Denny M. Oliveira, James M. Weygand, Eftyhia Zesta, Chigomezyo M. Ngwira, Michael D. Hartinger, Zhonghua Xu, Barbara L. Giles, Daniel J. Gershman, Marcos V. D. Silveira, Vítor M. Souza

“…Abstract The impact of interplanetary shocks on the magnetosphere can trigger magnetic substorms that intensify auroral electrojet currents. …”
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Forecasting Geomagnetic Storm Disturbances and Their Uncertainties Using Deep Learning by D. Conde, F. L. Castillo, C. Escobar, C. García, J. E. García, V. Sanz, B. Zaldívar, J. J. Curto, S. Marsal, J. M. Torta

“…This is a challenging task given the highly non‐linear dependencies of the response of the magnetosphere to these perturbations. In the last few years, modern machine‐learning models have shown to be very good at predicting magnetic activity indices. …”
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Space Weather Forecasts of Ground Level Space Weather in the UK: Evaluating Performance and Limitations by A. W. Smith, I. J. Rae, C. Forsyth, J. C. Coxon, M.‐T. Walach, C. J. Lao, D. S. Bloomfield, S. A. Reddy, M. K. Coughlan, A. Keesee, S. Bentley

“…We evaluate its performance (discriminative skill and calibration) as a function of magnetospheric state, solar wind input and magnetic local time. …”
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Prediction of Dynamic Plasmapause Location Using a Neural Network by Deyu Guo, Song Fu, Zheng Xiang, Binbin Ni, Yingjie Guo, Minghang Feng, Jianguang Guo, Zejun Hu, Xudong Gu, Jianan Zhu, Xing Cao, Qi Wang

“…Abstract As a common boundary layer that distinctly separates the regions of high‐density plasmasphere and low‐density plasmatrough, the plasmapause is essential to comprehend the dynamics and variability of the inner magnetosphere. Using the machine learning framework PyTorch and high‐quality Van Allen Probes data set, we develop a neural network model to predict the global dynamic variation of the plasmapause location, along with the identification of 6,537 plasmapause crossing events during the period from 2012 to 2017. …”
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The Thermosphere Is a Drag: The 2022 Starlink Incident and the Threat of Geomagnetic Storms to Low Earth Orbit Space Operations by T. E. Berger, M. Dominique, G. Lucas, M. Pilinski, V. Ray, R. Sewell, E. K. Sutton, J. P. Thayer, E. Thiemann

“…We conclude that full‐physics, data assimilative, coupled models of the magnetosphere and upper atmosphere, as well as new operational satellite missions providing “nowcasting” data to launch controllers, space traffic coordinators, and satellite operators, are needed to prevent similar—or worse—orbital system impacts during future geomagnetic storms.…”
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Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event‐II by J. S. Shim, I.‐S. Song, G. Jee, Y.‐S. Kwak, I. Tsagouri, L. Goncharenko, J. McInerney, A. Vitt, L. Rastaetter, J. Yue, M. Chou, M. Codrescu, A. J. Coster, M. Fedrizzi, T. J. Fuller‐Rowell, A. J. Ridley, S. C. Solomon, J. B. Habarulema

“…In order to track improvement of the models and investigate impacts of forcing, from the lower atmosphere below and from the magnetosphere above, on the performance of ionosphere‐thermosphere models, we expand our previous assessment for 2013 March storm event (Shim et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002034). …”
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Thymus ad astra, or spaceflight-induced thymic involution by Wataru Muramatsu, Wataru Muramatsu, Maria Maryanovich, Maria Maryanovich, Maria Maryanovich, Taishin Akiyama, Taishin Akiyama, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis

“…Cosmic radiation, an omnipresent hazard beyond Earth’s magnetosphere, accelerates DNA damage and cellular senescence in thymic epithelial cells, impairing thymopoiesis and increasing the risk of immune dysregulation. …”
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