Investigating the Interhemispheric Asymmetry in Joule Heating During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm by A. R. Smith, D. S. Ozturk, P. Delamere, G. Lu, H. Kim

“…Abstract Sudden changes in energy input from the magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms could drive extreme variability in the ionosphere‐thermosphere system, which in turn affect satellite operations and other modern infrastructure. …”
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Solar Origins of August 26, 2018 Geomagnetic Storm: Responses of the Interplanetary Medium and Equatorial/Low‐Latitude Ionosphere to the Storm by A. O. Akala, O. J. Oyedokun, P. O. Amaechi, K. G. Simi, A. Ogwala, O. A. Arowolo

“…The solar wind energy which got transferred into the magnetosphere drove electrical currents, that penetrated down into the ionosphere to produce weak Prompt Penetration Electric Field (PPEF) (0.3 mV/m). …”
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Observational Evidence for the Origin of Repetitive Chorus Emissions by Xinliang Gao, Rui Chen, Quanming Lu, Lunjin Chen, Huayue Chen, Xueyi Wang

“…Our finding may apply to understand the generation of repetitive emissions in planetary magnetospheres and laboratory plasmas.…”
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AniMAIRE‐A New Openly Available Tool for Calculating Atmospheric Ionising Radiation Dose Rates and Single Event Effects During Anisotropic Conditions by C. S. W. Davis, F. Baird, F. Lei, K. Ryden, C. Dyer

“…AniMAIRE expands the physics of the MAIRE + model such that dose rate calculations can be performed for anisotropic solar energetic particle conditions by supplying a proton or alpha particle rigidity spectrum, a pitch angle distribution, and the conditions of Earth's magnetosphere. In this paper, we describe the algorithm and top‐level structure of AniMAIRE and showcase AniMAIRE's capabilities by analyzing the dose rate maps that AniMAIRE produces when the time‐dependent spectra and pitch angle distribution for Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) 71 are input. …”
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Warning Time Analysis From SEP Simulations of a Two‐Tier REleASE System Applied to Mars Exploration by A. Posner, R.D. Strauss

“…Abstract The sudden exposure to energetic protons from solar energetic particle (SEP) events beyond the Earth's magnetosphere and en route to and from Mars can, in extreme cases, lead to acute radiation sickness, an impairing, mission‐endangering condition for astronauts. …”
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Long‐Term Variations of Energetic Electrons Scattered by Signals From the North West Cape Transmitter by Jingle Hu, Zheng Xiang, Xin Ma, Yangxizi Liu, Junhu Dong, Deyu Guo, Binbin Ni

“…Abstract Very‐low‐frequency (VLF) signals emitted from ground‐based transmitters for submarine communication can penetrate the ionosphere and leak into the magnetosphere, leading to electron precipitation via wave‐particle interaction and thereby providing a potential means for radiation belt remediation. …”
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Validating Ionospheric Models Against Technologically Relevant Metrics by A. T. Chartier, J. Steele, G. Sugar, D. R. Themens, S. K. Vines, J. D. Huba

“…To demonstrate these tools, we have used output from Sami is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3) driven by high‐latitude electric potentials derived from Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment, covering the first available month of operation using Iridium‐NEXT data (March 2019). …”
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Assessment of Using Field‐Aligned Currents to Drive the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model: A Case Study for the 2013 St Patrick’s Day Geomagnetic Storm by Qingyu Zhu, Gang Lu, Astrid Maute, Yue Deng, Brian Anderson

“…Abstract In this study, field‐aligned currents (FACs) obtained from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment data set have been used to specify the high‐latitude electric potential in the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM). …”
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Substorm‐Time Ground dB/dt Variations Controlled by Interplanetary Shock Impact Angles: A Statistical Study by Denny M. Oliveira, James M. Weygand, John C. Coxon, Eftyhia Zesta

“…Therefore, the findings of this work provide new insights for GIC forecasting focusing on nearly frontal shock impacts on the magnetosphere.…”
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The Loss of Starlink Satellites in February 2022: How Moderate Geomagnetic Storms Can Adversely Affect Assets in Low‐Earth Orbit by Yoshita Baruah, Souvik Roy, Suvadip Sinha, Erika Palmerio, Sanchita Pal, Denny M. Oliveira, Dibyendu Nandy

“…In this study, we identify solar sources of the interplanetary coronal mass ejections that were responsible for the geomagnetic storms around the time of launch of the Starlink satellites and for the first time, investigate their impact on Earth's magnetosphere using magnetohydrodynamic modeling. The model results demonstrate that the satellites were launched into an already disturbed space environment that persisted over several days. …”
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Pro‐L* ‐ A Probabilistic L* Mapping Tool for Ground Observations by Rhys L. Thompson, Steven K. Morley, Clare E. J. Watt, Sarah N. Bentley, Paul D. Williams

“…Abstract Both ground and space observations are used extensively in the modeling of space weather processes within the Earth’s magnetosphere. In radiation belt physics modeling, one of the key phase‐space coordinates is L*, which indicates the location of the drift paths of energetic electrons. …”
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Prediction of Solar Wind Speed Through Machine Learning From Extrapolated Solar Coronal Magnetic Field by Rong Lin, Zhekai Luo, Jiansen He, Lun Xie, Chuanpeng Hou, Shuwei Chen

“…Abstract An accurate solar wind (SW) speed model is important for space weather predictions, catastrophic event warnings, and other issues concerning SW—magnetosphere interaction. In this work, we construct a model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) magnetic field maps, considering a SW source surface of RSS = 2.5R⊙, aiming to predict the SW speed at the Lagrange‐1 (L1) point of the Sun‐Earth system. …”
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Forecast of the Energetic Electron Environment of the Radiation Belts by Simon N. Walker, Richard J. Boynton, Yuri Y. Shprits, Michael A. Balikhin, Alexander Y. Drozdov

“…Model outputs are compared to Van Allen Probes MagEIS measurements of the electron fluxes in the inner magnetosphere for the March 2015 geomagnetic storm. It is found that the fixed LGEO∗ coupling method produces a more realistic forecast.…”
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Accuracy of Global Geospace Simulations: Influence of Solar Wind Monitor Location and Solar Wind Driving by Q. Al Shidi, T. I. Pulkkinen, D. Welling, G. Toth

“…The SWMF is a highly coupled framework of space weather models that include multiple facets of the Geospace environment, such as the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The propagated solar wind measurements are used as a boundary condition for SWMF. …”
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Solar Wind Prediction Using Deep Learning by Vishal Upendran, Mark C. M. Cheung, Shravan Hanasoge, Ganapathy Krishnamurthi

“…Abstract Emanating from the base of the Sun's corona, the solar wind fills the interplanetary medium with a magnetized stream of charged particles whose interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere has space weather consequences such as geomagnetic storms. …”
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Sensitivity of Ground Magnetometer Array Elements for GIC Applications I: Resolving Spatial Scales With the BEAR and CARISMA Arrays by Stavros Dimitrakoudis, David K. Milling, Andy Kale, Ian R. Mann

“…Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can be driven in terrestrial electrical power grids as a result of the induced electric fields arising from geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) resulting from the dynamics of the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐ground system. However, a key issue is to assess an optimum spacing for the magnetometer stations in order to provide appropriate monitoring of the GIC‐related GMD. …”
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Forecasting Occurrence and Intensity of Geomagnetic Activity With Pattern‐Matching Approaches by C. Haines, M. J. Owens, L. Barnard, M. Lockwood, A. Ruffenach, K. Boykin, R. McGranaghan

“…Enhanced and sustained solar wind coupling with the Earth's magnetosphere can lead to a geomagnetic storm. The resulting effects can interfere with power transmission grids, potentially affecting today's technology‐centered society to great cost. …”
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Recreating the Horizontal Magnetic Field at Colaba During the Carrington Event With Geospace Simulations by Seán P. Blake, Antti Pulkkinen, Peter W. Schuck, Alex Glocer, Denny M. Oliveira, Daniel T. Welling, Robert S. Weigel, Gary Quaresima

“…The rapid recovery of BH in our simulated scenario is due to the retreat of these magnetospheric currents as the magnetosphere expands, as opposed to ring current dynamics. …”
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On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC by A. P. Dimmock, L. Rosenqvist, D. T. Welling, A. Viljanen, I. Honkonen, R. J. Boynton, E. Yordanova

“…Key results from this study are as follows: (1) Regional geomagnetic disturbances are important in modeling GIC during strong storms; (2) dB/dt can vary by several times up to a factor of three compared to the spatial average; (3) dB/dt and its regional variation is coupled to the energy deposited into the magnetosphere; and (4) regional variability can be more accurately captured and predicted from a local index as opposed to a global one. …”
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Predictive Capabilities and Limitations of Stream Interaction Region Observations at Different Solar Longitudes by R. C. Allen, G. C. Ho, L. K. Jian, G. M. Mason, S. K. Vines, D. Lario

“…Abstract Advanced warning of a stream interaction region (SIR) or corotating interaction region (CIR) impinging upon the magnetosphere of Earth is important for space weather forecasting, due to the ability of SIRs/CIRs to trigger geomagnetic storms and affect ionospheric composition and winds. …”
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