Role of microglia in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and links to immunomodulatory therapy by P. Valiukevičius, R. Liutkevičienė, R. Balnytė

“…Microglia are cells of the central nervous system that develop from yolk sac macrophages during embryogenesis. These cells perform important functions in the development of the central nervous system and the retina, in the formation of synapses, protect against pathogens, and are involved in the removal of damaged structures. …”
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Pancreatic Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumour Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding by Christos Petrides, Kyriakos Neofytou, Aamir Z. Khan

“…Multiple biopsies taken showed extensive ulceration with granulation tissue formation and underlying large macrophages without being able to establish a definite diagnosis. …”
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Vesicles Generated during Storage of Red Blood Cells Enhance the Generation of Radical Oxygen Speciesin Activated Neutrophils by Herbert Jank, Ulrich Salzer

“…Vsto vesicles of blood transfusions have been shown to deliver glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins to recipient erythrocytes, to display prothrombotic activity, and to have an inhibitory effect on macrophages. The interaction of Vsto vesicles with and their effect on neutrophilic granulocytes has not yet been studied in detail. …”
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Lipid Chaperones and Metabolic Inflammation by Masato Furuhashi, Shutaro Ishimura, Hideki Ota, Tetsuji Miura

“…Several inflammatory cytokines as well as lipids and metabolic stress pathways can activate metaflammation, which targets metabolically critical organs and tissues including adipocytes and macrophages to adversely affect systemic homeostasis. …”
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Activation of CD147 with Cyclophilin A Induces the Expression of IFITM1 through ERK and PI3K in THP-1 Cells by Ju-Young Kim, Ho Kim, Kyoungho Suk, Won-Ha Lee

“…These data indicate that IFITM1 is one of the pro-inflammatory mediators that are induced by signaling initiated by the activation of CD147 in macrophages and activation of ERK, PI3K, and NF-κB is required for the expression of IFITM1.…”
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Exosome-Like Vesicles as New Mediators and Therapeutic Targets for Treating Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Mass Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Qian Ge, Xin Xin Xie, Xiaoqiu Xiao, Xi Li

“…These released ELVs can either enter the blood circulation or be taken up by neighboring cells or macrophages, which can lead to insulin resistance or β-cell apoptosis. …”
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Impaired Muscle Regeneration in Ob/ob and Db/db Mice by Mai-Huong Nguyen, Ming Cheng, Timothy J. Koh

“…The impairments in muscle regeneration were associated with impaired macrophage accumulation; macrophages have been shown previously to be required for efficient muscle regeneration. …”
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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and Matrix Metalloproteinases: Functional Interactions in Tumor Stroma-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells by Jelena Krstic, Juan F. Santibanez

“…In this review we will focus on the compartment of myeloid stroma cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic and mast cells, which are potently regulated by TGF-β and produce large amounts of MMPs. …”
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Lipid Droplet Formation and Type II Diabetes by Xuebao Zhang, Kezhong Zhang

“…The excessive deposition of lipid droplets (LDs) in specialized cell types, such as adipocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages, has been found as a hallmark in ER stress-associated metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. …”
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Potency of rhodococcus equi culture filtrate supernatant proteins antigen for skin test in the diagnosis of rhodococcus equi in foals by Kareema Al-Salihi

“…Inflammatory cells including macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils were present in the sections prepared from biopsy obtained from positive skin reaction. …”
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An Immunomodulatory Device Improves Insulin Resistance in Obese Porcine Model of Metabolic Syndrome by Angela J. Westover, Kimberly A. Johnston, Deborah A. Buffington, H. David Humes

“…This inflammation centers around circulating monocytes which form proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). Specific approaches targeting monocytes/ATM may improve insulin resistance without the adverse side effects of generalized immunosuppression. …”
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Lysophosphatidylcholine: A Novel Modulator of Trypanosoma cruzi Transmission by Mário A. C. Silva-Neto, Alan B. Carneiro, Livia Silva-Cardoso, Georgia C. Atella

“…Also, LPC increases macrophage intracellular calcium concentrations that ultimately enhance parasite invasion. …”
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LOX-1, OxLDL, and Atherosclerosis by Angela Pirillo, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Alberico Luigi Catapano

“…Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) contributes to the atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression by several mechanisms, including the induction of endothelial cell activation and dysfunction, macrophage foam cell formation, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. …”
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Mechanisms of Bone Resorption in Periodontitis by Stefan A. Hienz, Sweta Paliwal, Saso Ivanovski

“…The osteoclast, the principal bone resorptive cell, differentiates from monocyte/macrophage precursors under the regulation of the critical cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RANK ligand, and osteoprotegerin. …”
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Exploring the Crosstalk between Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer by Indranil Chattopadhyay, Rangarao Ambati, Rohit Gundamaraju

“…T and B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which are present in the tumor microenvironment induce EMT. …”
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Ode to Oseltamivir and Amantadine? by JM Conly, BL Johnston

“…It is thought that this enzyme may also promote viral penetration into respiratory epithelial cells and may contribute to the pathogenicity of the virus by promoting production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor from macrophages (4-6).…”
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Rare but Not so Rare? The Evolving Spectrum of Whipple's Disease by John M Conly, B Lynn Johnston

“…Findings at autopsy consisted of poly-serositis, aortic valve vegetations and deposition of fat in the intestinal mucosa and regional lymph nodes with marked infiltration by foamy macrophages (1). It was originally thought to be a disorder of fat metabolism, and the term 'intestinal lipodystrophy' was proposed. …”
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A pressure model of immune response to mycobacteriumtuberculosis infection in several space dimensions by Fabrizio Clarelli, Roberto Natalini

“…The model is based on coupled reaction-diffusion-transport equations with chemotaxis, which take into account the interactions among bacteria, macrophages and chemoattractant. The novelty of this approach is in the modeling of the velocity field, proportional to the gradient of the pressure developed between the cells, which makes possible to deal with a full multidimensional description and efficient numerical simulations. …”
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T Cell Activation and Regulation of HIV-1: Same Effectors with Distinct Outcomes by Jean-François Fortin, Benoit Barbeau, Gilles A Robichaud, Michel J Tremblay

“…For example, the viral promoter, as is the case for the immune system, is subject to complex regulation by combinations of cellular transcription factors that may quantitatively and/or qualitatively differ depending on cell types (eg, macrophages versus T lymphocytes) and cell states (eg, undifferentiated versus differentiated or quiescent versus activated). …”
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The Role of the Immune System in Huntington’s Disease by Gisa Ellrichmann, Christiane Reick, Carsten Saft, Ralf A. Linker

“…Activation of microglia with expression of proinflammatory cytokines, impaired migration of macrophages, and deposition of complement factors in the striatum indicate an activation of the innate immune system. …”
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