Therapeutic Implications of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases by Hiroshi Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Takano, Issei Komuro

“…In addition, activation of PPARγ is implicated in the regulation of endothelial function, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, and activation of macrophages. Many studies suggest that PPARγ ligands not only ameliorate insulin sensitivity, but also have pleiotropic effects on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic heart, and myocarditis.…”
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Multifaceted roles of ninjurin1 in immunity, cell death, and disease by Lili Zhu, Yunfei Xu, Yunfei Xu

“…It is initially characterized to promote nerve regeneration and mediate the transendothelial transport of monocytes/macrophages associated with neuroinflammation. Recent evidence indicates that NINJ1 mediates plasma membrane rupture (PMR) in lytic cell death. …”
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Ratio Imaging of Enzyme Activity Using Dual Wavelength Optical Reporters by Moritz F. Kircher, Lee Josephson, Ralph Weissleder

“…Using mixtures of the two probes, we have shown that the ratio of Cy5.5 to Cy3.5 fluorescence can be used to determine levels of cathepsin B in the environment of nanoparticles with macrophages in suspension. After intravenous injection, tissue fluorescence from the nondegradable Cy3.5– d -arginyl probe reflected nanoparticle accumulation, while fluorescence of the Cy5.5– l -arginyl probe was dependent on both accumulation and activation by cathepsin B. …”
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Exosome-Derived microRNA: Potential Target for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis by Yujie Xiao, Yixuan Yuan, Dahai Hu, Hongtao Wang

“…This review comprehensively explores the biology of exosome-derived miRNAs, which originate from both immune cells (such as macrophages and dendritic cells) and nonimmune cells (such as endothelial and epithelial cells) and play a dynamic role in modulating pathways that affect the course of sepsis, including those related to inflammation, immune response, cell survival, and apoptosis. …”
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Defective production of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α by AIDS mononuclear cells after in vitro exposure to Rhodococcus equi by S. Delia, C. M. Mastroianni, M. Lichtner, F. Mengoni, S. Moretti, V. Vullo

“…In such patients, however, the infection with R. equi, a facultative intracellular pathogen which survives and replicates within macrophages, may be responsible for the impairment in the TNF-α release, possibly enhancing the HIV-induced macrophage dysftmction.…”
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Molecular and Cellular Pathways Contributing to Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Qinghua Fang, Chun Zhou, Kutty Selva Nandakumar

“…Although etiology of this disease is not clear, several immune pathways, involving immune (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) and nonimmune (fibroblasts and chondrocytes) cells, participate in the secretion of many proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases (MMPs, ADAMTS), and other matrix lysing enzymes that could disturb the immune balance leading to cartilage and bone damage. …”
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Hypoxanthine Derivatives in Experimental Infections by Claudio De Simone, Edoardo Arrigoni Martelli, Pietro Foresta, Giuseppe Famularo, Roberto Giacomelli, Emilio Jirillo, Vito Ruggiero, Giorgio Tonietti

“…In fact, only the treatment with ST 789 resulted in a clear enhancement of the primary antibody production as well as macrophage phagocytic activity, whereas T lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens and both macrophage- and natural killer-dependent cytotoxicity were not significantly affected. …”
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NF-κB signaling and the tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma: implications for immune evasion and therapeutic resistance by Shaoyan Shi, Xuehai Ou, Chao Liu, Rui Li, Qianjin Zheng, Leiming Hu

“…This research aimed to explore how NF-κB influences the recruitment and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both of which contribute to immunosuppression. …”
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Microglia and Spinal Cord Synaptic Plasticity in Persistent Pain by Sarah Taves, Temugin Berta, Gang Chen, Ru-Rong Ji

“…Microglia are regarded as macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) and play an important role in neuroinflammation in the CNS. …”
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CD4 expression controls epidermal stem cell balance by Nadine Brandes, Heidi Hahn, Anja Uhmann

“…Here, we report that CD4, which is a typical marker of helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, is also expressed on murine K5+ keratinocytes. …”
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miR-155: An Important Role in Inflammation Response by Jingyan Hu, Songli Huang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuan Zhang, Shengli Wei, Xiuhua Hu

“…We analyze the articles about miR-155 for nearly five years, review the advanced study on the function of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells like T cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages, and then summarize the biological functions of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells. …”
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Significance of Persistent Inflammation in Respiratory Disorders Induced by Nanoparticles by Yasuo Morimoto, Hiroto Izumi, Etsushi Kuroda

“…In inhalation studies and instillation studies of nanomaterials, persistent inflammation is composed of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, and its pathogenesis is related to chemokines such as the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) family and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and oxidant stress-related genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). …”
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Tumor-Induced Local and Systemic Impact on Blood Vessel Function by J. Cedervall, A. Dimberg, A-K. Olsson

“…Tumor cells can alter the characteristics of the endothelium by recruitment of leukocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages, which further stimulate inflammation and promote tumorigenesis. …”
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The Interplay between the Bone and the Immune System by Giorgio Mori, Patrizia D'Amelio, Roberta Faccio, Giacomina Brunetti

“…For example, osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are derived from the same myeloid precursor cells that give rise to macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells. On the other hand, osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, regulate hematopoietic stem cell niches from which all blood and immune cells are derived. …”
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Histological Findings of ETosis in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome with Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Follow-Up Case Report by Sergio Michael Navarro, Aneel Ashrani, Myung Soo Park, Dong Chen

“…We present a case of HPS-PF that exhibited histological evidence of extracellular traps (ETs) ensnaring macrophages, leading to cell death in a process known as ETosis. …”

The multifaceted roles of cathepsins in immune and inflammatory responses: implications for cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases by Kexin Zhao, Yangqing Sun, Shangwei Zhong, Jun-Li Luo

“…Emerging research underscores the significant involvement of cathepsins in immune cells, particularly T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, as well as their contribution to immune-related diseases. …”
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Metastatic Calcinosis of Aortic Valve Secondary to Renal Failure Mimicking Infective Endocarditis by Noman Ahmed Jang Khan, Masroor A. Khan, Guillermo Juan Morell Chardon

“…Later on, biopsy of her hand lesions showed extensive calcification with macrophages and giant cells. No atypia or malignancy was identified. …”
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Potential Use of Bisphosphonates in Invasive Extramammary Paget’s Disease: An Immunohistochemical Investigation by Taku Fujimura, Sadanori Furudate, Yumi Kambayashi, Setsuya Aiba

“…In this study, we employed immunohistochemical staining for immunosuppressive macrophages and cytotoxic T cells in the lesional skin of patients with noninvasive EMPD and those with invasive EMPD.…”
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Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy by Andy K. H. Lim, Gregory H. Tesch

“…We highlight the important role of inflammatory cells in the kidney, particularly infiltrating macrophages, T-lymphocytes and the subpopulation of regulatory T cells. …”
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Platelet signaling in immune landscape: comprehensive mechanism and clinical therapy by Mengyao Yan, Zhe Wang, Zhiwei Qiu, Yimin Cui, Qian Xiang

“…Platelets participate in both the innate immune system (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells and the adaptive immune system (T and B cells). …”
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