Contribution of Gut Bacteria to Liver Pathobiology by Gakuhei Son, Michael Kremer, Ian N. Hines

“…Receiving approximately 70% of its blood supply from the intestinal venous outflow, the liver represents the first line of defense against gut-derived antigens and is equipped with a broad array of immune cells (i.e., macrophages, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) to accomplish this function. …”
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Local C-Reactive Protein Expression in Obliterative Lesions and the Bronchial Wall in Posttransplant Obliterative Bronchiolitis by Outi E. Päiväniemi, Paula K. Maasilta, Tiina L. S. Vainikka, Hanni S. Alho, Pekka J. Karhunen, Ulla-Stina Salminen

“…CRP positivity simultaneously increased in the bronchial walls (P<.01), in macrophages, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells. …”
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Unique Mode of Lipogenic Activation in Rat Preputial Sebocytes by Dianne Deplewski, Kenan Qin, Nancy Ciletti, Robert L. Rosenfield

“…Lipoprotein delivery of fatty acids and cholesterol is linked with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation in adipocytes and macrophages. We postulated that similar interactions exist in sebaceous epithelial cells (sebocytes) in which PPAR activation induces differentiation. …”
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PNMA1 is a novel immune modulator and therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma linked to bile acid metabolism by Hongyu Chu, Yuezhan Shan, Chengwei Jiang, Yumin Zhong, Zijing Liu, Xuedong Fang, Zhaoying Yang

“…The relevance of PNMA1 extends to immune factors such as M1 macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and immune checkpoints. Mechanistically, PNMA1 shapes a suppressive tumor microenvironment strongly linked to bile acid metabolism. …”
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Drug Screening of Flavonoids as Potential VEGF Inhibitors Through Computational Docking and Cell Models by Shengying Lin, Roy Wai-Lun Tang, Yutong Ye, Chenxi Xia, Jiahui Wu, Ran Duan, Ka-Wing Leung, Tina Ting-Xia Dong, Karl Wah-Keung Tsim

“…Here, we established a series of VEGF-based computational docking analyses and cell models, such as a wound healing assay in HaCaT cells and an evaluation of NF-κB performance in macrophages, to screen a large library of flavonoid-type phytochemicals. …”
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Genetic Characteristics and Research Progress of Feline Coronavirus by TAO Lingyun

“…The findings revealed that while their genome structures were fundamentally similar, differences in their ability to efficiently infect monocytes/macrophages significantly influenced their pathogenicity and transmission characteristics, with FIPV exhibiting higher virulence. …”
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Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Insights into Inflammatory Genes by Raffaella Cascella, Michele Ragazzo, Claudia Strafella, Filippo Missiroli, Paola Borgiani, Francesco Angelucci, Luigi Tonino Marsella, Andrea Cusumano, Giuseppe Novelli, Federico Ricci, Emiliano Giardina

“…Several genetic and molecular studies have indicated the participation of inflammatory molecules (cytokines and chemokines), immune cells (macrophages), and complement proteins in the development and progression of the disease. …”
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Depletion of Regulatory T Cells in a Mouse Experimental Glioma Model through Anti-CD25 Treatment Results in the Infiltration of Non-Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells in the Brain by Wim Maes, Tina Verschuere, Anaïs Van Hoylandt, Louis Boon, Stefaan Van Gool

“…Phenotypically, these cells could not be considered as Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) but were identified as F4/80+ macrophages and granulocytes.…”
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A pan-orthohantavirus human lung xenograft mouse model and its utility for preclinical studies. by Melanie Rissmann, Danny Noack, Thomas M Spliethof, Vincent P Vaes, Rianne Stam, Peter van Run, Jordan J Clark, Georges M G M Verjans, Bart L Haagmans, Florian Krammer, Marion P G Koopmans, Judith M A van den Brand, Barry Rockx

“…The different orthohantaviruses primarily targeted the endothelium, respiratory epithelium and macrophages in the human lung. A proof-of-concept preclinical study showed treatment of these mice with a virus neutralizing antibody could block Andes orthohantavirus infection and dissemination. …”
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Far beyond Phagocytosis: Phagocyte-Derived Extracellular Traps Act Efficiently against Protozoan Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo by Liliana M. R. Silva, Tamara Muñoz-Caro, Rafael A. Burgos, Maria A. Hidalgo, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla

“…Professional mononuclear phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and macrophages are considered as the first line of defence against invasive pathogens. …”
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Activation of CD147 with Cyclophilin A Induces the Expression of IFITM1 through ERK and PI3K in THP-1 Cells by Ju-Young Kim, Ho Kim, Kyoungho Suk, Won-Ha Lee

“…These data indicate that IFITM1 is one of the pro-inflammatory mediators that are induced by signaling initiated by the activation of CD147 in macrophages and activation of ERK, PI3K, and NF-κB is required for the expression of IFITM1.…”
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Initial Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Innate Immune Response by Norma Y. Hernández-Pedro, Guillermo Espinosa-Ramirez, Verónica Pérez de la Cruz, Benjamín Pineda, Julio Sotelo

“…The hallmark to MS is the demyelinated plaque, which consists of a well-demarcated hypocellular area characterized by the loss of myelin, the formation of astrocytic scars, and the mononuclear cell infiltrates concentrated in perivascular spaces composed of T cells, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Activation of resident cells initiates an inflammatory cascade, leading to tissue destruction, demyelination, and neurological deficit. …”
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An Immunomodulatory Device Improves Insulin Resistance in Obese Porcine Model of Metabolic Syndrome by Angela J. Westover, Kimberly A. Johnston, Deborah A. Buffington, H. David Humes

“…This inflammation centers around circulating monocytes which form proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). Specific approaches targeting monocytes/ATM may improve insulin resistance without the adverse side effects of generalized immunosuppression. …”
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Free Radical Scavenging Capacities and Alleviating Actions of Polysaccharides Extract of Termitomyces le-testui on Methylprednisolone-Induced Immunodepression in Rats by Foncham Evans Ngwenah, Kada Sanda Antoine, Salah Martin, Tume Christopher, Oumar Mahamat

“…The result of the study showed that the polysaccharide T. le-testui increases the phagocytic index, energy metabolism of macrophages, spleen index, and nitric oxide in a concentration-dependent manner in immunosuppressed animals. …”
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Regulation of Th1/Th2 cells in asthma development: A mathematical model by Yangjin Kim, Seongwon Lee, You-Sun Kim, Sean Lawler, Yong Song Gho, Yoon-Keun Kim, Hyung Ju Hwang

“…In the present workwe representthe complex network of interactions between cells and molecules by a mathematical model.The model describes the behaviors of cells (Th0, Th1, Th2 and macrophages)and regulatory molecules (IFN-$\gamma$, IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α) in response tohigh, intermediate, and low levels of LPS.The simulations show howvariations in the levels of injected LPSaffect the development ofTh1 or Th2 cell responses through differential cytokine induction.The model also predicts the coexistence ofthese two types of responseunder certain biochemical and biomechanical conditions in the microenvironment.…”
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Proinflammatory Stimuli Enhance Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Neutrophil Granulocytes by Lars Hellberg, Sabrina Fuchs, Christoph Gericke, Arup Sarkar, Martina Behnen, Werner Solbach, Tamás Laskay

“…Recently, we have reported that, in addition to macrophages, also neutrophil granulocytes can phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils. …”
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Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Its Mechanisms of Sophoridine by Xiumei Huang, Bo Li, Lianzhong Shen

“…Excessive inflammatory response in vitro model was developed by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate the mouse peritoneal macrophages and HL-60 cells to produce IL-6 and IL-8. …”
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A pressure model of immune response to mycobacteriumtuberculosis infection in several space dimensions by Fabrizio Clarelli, Roberto Natalini

“…The model is based on coupled reaction-diffusion-transport equations with chemotaxis, which take into account the interactions among bacteria, macrophages and chemoattractant. The novelty of this approach is in the modeling of the velocity field, proportional to the gradient of the pressure developed between the cells, which makes possible to deal with a full multidimensional description and efficient numerical simulations. …”
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Celecoxib Improves Host Defense through Prostaglandin Inhibition during Histoplasma capsulatum Infection by Priscilla Aparecida Tartari Pereira, Bruno Caetano Trindade, Adriana Secatto, Roberto Nicolete, Camila Peres-Buzalaf, Simone Gusmão Ramos, Ruxana Sadikot, Claudia da Silva Bitencourt, Lúcia Helena Faccioli

“…In addition, celecoxib treatment increased the synthesis of nitric oxide, IFN-γ, LTB4, and the phagocytic capacity of alveolar macrophages. Moreover, celecoxib treatment increased the survival of mice after infection with a lethal inoculum of H. capsulatum. …”
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Tumor-Induced Local and Systemic Impact on Blood Vessel Function by J. Cedervall, A. Dimberg, A-K. Olsson

“…Tumor cells can alter the characteristics of the endothelium by recruitment of leukocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages, which further stimulate inflammation and promote tumorigenesis. …”
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