PPARγ in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Vito Annese, Francesca Rogai, Alessia Settesoldi, Siro Bagnoli

“…The colon is a major tissue which expresses PPARγ in epithelial cells and, to a lesser degree, in macrophages and lymphocytes and plays a role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. …”
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Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in a Patient with Antisynthetase Syndrome by D. A. Vargas-Gutiérrez, F. Solís-Jiménez, K. I. Arias Callejas, L. Cano Cruz, R. Zapata Arenas, A. O. Acero López, P. Puente Rodríguez, S. Velázquez de la Paz

“…The diagnosis of the alveolar hemorrhage was based on the presence of acute respiratory failure, decrease in hemoglobin levels, and observation of macrophages filled with hemosiderin. The antisynthetase syndrome was classified through a tomographic image compatible with a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, along with antibodies associated to myositis (PL-12 and Ro-52). …”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an AIDS Patient with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Treatment Dilemma by Oluwadunni E. Emiloju, Sorab Gupta, Vivian Arguello-Guerra, Claudia Dourado

“…Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a result of an abnormal activation of immune cells (T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages) resulting in cytokine overproduction and immune destruction of cells, eventually resulting in multiorgan failure. …”
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High-throughput Identification of Phage-derived Imaging Agents by Kimberly A. Kelly, Paul A. Clemons, Amy M. Yu, Ralph Weissleder

“…We test the method using a phage screen against activated macrophages to develop imaging agents with higher specificity for active disease processes. …”
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Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Host Lipid Metabolism by Qianqian Miao, Momar Ndao

“…Several players in host lipid metabolism have been implicated in T. cruzi-host interactions in recent research, including macrophages, adipocytes, low density lipoprotein (LDL), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). …”
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Progress in Study of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Acting on Inflammation-Related Signaling Pathways in Knee Osteoarthritis by OUYANG Hui, LIN Xingjin, WANG Jinying, SHEN Longbin, WANG Chengdong

“…The therapeutic mechanisms reviewed as following: 1) LIPUS can reduce the inflammatory response by enhancing the autophagic pathway of macrophages in the synovial membrane and inhibiting the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicle pathway to reduce IL-1β production by macrophages; it can also acts through the classical wingless MMTV integration site family protein (Wnt)/β-linked protein signaling pathway on fibroblasts in the synovial membrane to inhibit synovial fibrosis. 2) LIPUS promotes chondrocyte production of extracellular matrix, regulates chondrocyte metabolism, and protects cartilage by inhibiting IL-1β -induced nuclear factor-activated B-cell κ light chain enhancer (NF-κB) signaling pathway and regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. 3) LIPUS protects cartilage by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathways to promote MSCs proliferation and differentiation, and also promotes transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) production by MSCs through the integral protein-target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway to promote cartilage formation. …”
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Neopterin and Beta-2 Microglobulin Relations to Immunity and Inflammatory Status in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients by Celina Wojciechowska, Jan Wodniecki, Romuald Wojnicz, Ewa Romuk, Wojciech Jacheć, Andrzej Tomasik, Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek, Beata Spinczyk, Ewa Nowalany-Kozielska

“…Neopterin correlated positively with the number of macrophages in biopsy specimens (P<0.05) acute phase proteins: C-reactive proteins (P<0.05); fibrinogen (P<0.01); and NYHA functional class (P<0.05) and negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.05). …”
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Altered Atlas of Exercise-Responsive MicroRNAs Revealing miR-29a-3p Attacks Armored and Cold Tumors and Boosts Anti-B7-H3 Therapy by Jie Mei, Zhiwen Luo, Yun Cai, Renwen Wan, Zhiwen Qian, Jiahui Chu, Yaying Sun, Yuxin Shi, Ying Jiang, Yan Zhang, Yongmei Yin, Shiyi Chen

“…Mechanistically, miR-29a-3p targeted macrophages, fibroblasts, and tumor cells to down-regulate B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) expression. …”
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Lung-delivered IL-10 therapy elicits beneficial effects via immune modulation in organic dust exposure-induced lung inflammation by Aaron D. Schwab, Todd A. Wyatt, Amy J. Nelson, Angela Gleason, Rohit Gaurav, Debra J. Romberger, Jill A. Poole

“…In conclusion, the studies here showed that short-term, lung-delivered IL-10 treatment induced a beneficial response in reducing inflammatory consequences (that were also associated with striking reduction in recruited monocyte-macrophages) following acute complex organic dust exposure.…”
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Inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration by antagonistic peptides that specifically bind to CCR5 via regulation of the NF-kB signaling pathway in rats with colitis by Yang-Da Song, Yi-Hang Song, Si-Xue Liu, Hua-Rong Huang, Ying-Qiang Zhong

“…Conclusions Antagonistic peptides that specifically bind to ECL1 and ECL2 of CCR5 inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in the colonic mucosa of SD rats with TNBS-induced colitis via regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.…”
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Mild ultrasound-assisted alkali de-esterification modified pectins: Characterization and structure–activity relationships in immunomodulatory effects by Huan Guo, Dong Li, Baohe Miao, Kanglin Feng, Guijing Chen, Renyou Gan, Zhiliang Kang, Hong Gao

“…To further explore the underlying mechanism, transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent macrophages were utilized. A positive correlation was observed between AP-E3 concentration and the number of fluorescent microspheres engulfed by macrophages. …”
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Periodontitis promotes tumor growth and immune evasion via PD-1/PD-L1 by Suli Wang, Fujiao Nie, Qiuyue Yin, Haoyang Tian, Pizhang Gong, Jinhong Ju, Jiayi Liu, Pishan Yang, Chengzhe Yang

“…In vitro, LPS-stimulated Cal-27 cells had a stronger potential to induce PD-L1 expression in macrophages compared with unstimulated Cal-27 cells. …”
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Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis by Wenjing Cheng, Guangjie Chen

“…The migration of autoimmune T cells and macrophages from blood to central nervous system as well as the destruction of blood brain barrier are thought to be the major processes in the development of this disease. …”
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Role of Inflammatory Cell Subtypes in Heart Failure by Derek Strassheim, Edward C. Dempsey, Evgenia Gerasimovskaya, Kurt Stenmark, Vijaya Karoor

“…Various types of immune cells are implicated in myocardial inflammation and include neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. …”
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The Crosstalk between Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells and Immune Cells: To Establish Immune Tolerance in Transplantation by Chao Zhang, Shuo Wang, Cheng Yang, Ruiming Rong

“…., natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer T cells, and regulatory T cells) and its role in the establishment and maintenance of immune tolerant microenvironment in transplantation. …”
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Glucocorticosteroid in Treatment of Severe Pneumonia by Felinda Ariani, Kaixiong Liu, Zhang Jing, Jieming Qu

“…The balance between inflammatory mediators is key for the outcome of the pulmonary infection; elimination of invading pathogen was marked by the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators from alveolar macrophages and glucocorticoid steroids (GCs) acting on the inflammatory component. …”
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The role of TNF-α inhibitor in glioma virotherapy: A mathematical model by Elzbieta Ratajczyk, Urszula Ledzewicz, Maciej Leszczynski, Avner Friedman

“…But the innate immune response, which includes TNF-α produced by macrophages, reduces the effectiveness of the treatment. …”
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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to refractory acute myeloid leukemia resolved after second line treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax by Claudio Fozza

“… Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also defined as hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), represents a potentially life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome, characterized by impaired function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages. The main clinical features of HLH are prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, liver, spleen or lymph nodes. …”
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Targeting the Hepcidin-Ferroportin Axis in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Anemias by Elizabeta Nemeth

“…The loss of ferroportin decreases iron flow into plasma from absorptive enterocytes, from macrophages that recycle the iron of senescent erythrocytes, and from hepatocytes that store iron, thereby lowering plasma iron concentrations. …”
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Legionella pneumophila — The causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease by Loh Teng-Hern Tan, Wei Yu Tee, Tahir Mehmood Khan, Long Chiau Ming, Vengadesh Letchumanan

“…L. pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects and replicates within eukaryotic host cells such as macrophages and protozoan. Diagnosis of LD remains a significant challenge as the clinical manifestation of LD is hardly distinguishable from pneumonia caused by other respiratory pathogens. …”
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