Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Gastrointestinal Bleeding: What a Surgeon Should Know by S. Popeskou, M. Gavillet, N. Demartines, D. Christoforidis

“…Hemophagocytic syndrome or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare medical entity characterized by phagocytosis of red blood cells, leucocytes, platelets, and their precursors in the bone marrow by activated macrophages. When intestinal bleeding is present, the management is very challenging with extremely high mortality rates. …”
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Urinothorax Caused by Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis by Waiel Abusnina, Hazim Bukamur, Zeynep Koc, Fauzi Najar, Nancy Munn, Fuad Zeid

“…Its pathogenesis generally involves calculus obstructive uropathy and its histopathology is characterized by replacement of the renal parenchyma with lipid filled macrophages. This often manifests as an enlarged, nonfunctioning kidney that may be complicated by abscess or fistula. …”
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The Involvement of Microglial Cells in Japanese Encephalitis Infections by Thananya Thongtan, Chutima Thepparit, Duncan R. Smith

“…Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses in the CNS and are thus of importance in determining the pathology of encephalitis as a result of JEV infection.…”
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Changes in IL-16 Expression in the Ovary during Aging and Its Potential Consequences to Ovarian Pathology by Jessica Ramirez, Pincas Bitterman, Sanjib Basu, Animesh Barua

“…Similar patterns were also observed for macrophages. Expression of miR-125a-5p decreased significantly (P<0.001) with the increase in IL-16 expression during aging. …”
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Skin Cell and Tissue Responses to Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid in Low-Grade Inflammatory Conditions by Benjamin Sanchez, Sandra Ferraro, Audrey Josset-Lamaugarny, Aurélie Pagnon, Charlie K. Hee, Lauren Nakab, Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel, Bérengère Fromy

“…Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were preconditioned using inflammatory medium produced by M1 macrophages. 24 h after LMW-HA fragments and HA stimulation, no cytokine was released in these preconditioned cells. …”
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Study of the effect of azithromycin on airway remodeling in asthma via the SAPK/JNK pathway by Dannv Ma, Huaqing Du, Yi Huang, Aiwu Pan, Lu Gan

“…The numbers of inflammatory cells, macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by Diff-Quik staining. …”
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Siglec-E augments adipose tissue inflammation by modulating TRAF3 signaling and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells during obesity by Ahmed Rakib, Mousumi Mandal, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Sonia Kiran, Nelufar Yasmen, Lexiao Li, Daniel M. Collier, Jianxiong Jiang, Frank Park, Udai P. Singh

“…Immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils, infiltrate the AT and secrete proinflammatory cytokines to exacerbate the AT inflammation. …”
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Overcoming immunosuppression in cancer: how ketogenic diets boost immune checkpoint blockade by Victoria E. Stefan, Daniela D. Weber, Roland Lang, Barbara Kofler

“…In contrast, immune-suppressive cells such as regulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes, M2 macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reported to be decreased or largely unaffected in tumors of KD-fed mice. …”
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ETosis: A Microbicidal Mechanism beyond Cell Death by Anderson B. Guimarães-Costa, Michelle T. C. Nascimento, Amanda B. Wardini, Lucia H. Pinto-da-Silva, Elvira M. Saraiva

“…Similarly, other cell types, such as eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages, can also dye by this mechanism; thus, it was renamed as ETosis, meaning death with release of extracellular traps (ETs). …”
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Destructive Cholangitis in an Adult Jack Russell Terrier by Atsushi Kodama, Hiroki Sakai, Tsuyoshi Kimura, Sadatoshi Maeda, Takashi Mori, Toshiaki Masegi, Tokuma Yanai

“…Histopathologically, there was loss of the interlobular bile duct and cholangitis accompanied by infiltration of pigment-laden macrophages in the Glisson’s capsule. Therefore, in the present case the dog was diagnosed with destructive cholangitis.…”
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A Case of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Infection in a Dog in Greece by V. Kontos, E. I. Papadogiannakis, G. Mantziaras, M. Styliara, S. Kanavaki

“…Cytology of fine-needle-aspiration material, obtained from popliteal lymph node, revealed macrophages with intracytoplasmic, nonstaining, slender, rod-like structures, indicative of mycobacteria. …”
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Generalized actinobacillosis in a cow by Enver Beytut, Mehmet Tuzcu

“…Microscopical examination revealed that the granulomas were characterized by colonies of bacteria surrounded by radially arranged projections in the center of neutrophil leucocyles which were again surrounded by macrophages and giant cells of Langhans type with outer fibrous capsule including lymphocyte and plasma cells. …”
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5-deoxy-rutaecarpine protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammation by Jinque Luo, Jinque Luo, Xin Li, Xin Li, Li Zhang, Li Zhang, Meijing Deng, Jieyang Zhao, Jinghuan Zhang, Wenyu Tang, Qinghua Guo, Ling Wang

“…LPS-stimulated J774A.1 mouse macrophages were used to further investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of 5-DR in vitro. …”
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Overcoming hypoxia-induced breast cancer drug resistance: a novel strategy using hollow gold-platinum bimetallic nanoshells by Lian-Ying Zhang, Xiao-Tong Chen, Rong-Tian Li, Wei Meng, Guo-Qin Huang, Yong-Jian Chen, Feng-Jun Ge, Qun Zhang, Yu-Jun Quan, Cai-Tao Zhang, Yi-Fei Liu, Ming Chen, Jin-Xiang Chen

“…Significantly, the increased availability of oxygen further re-polarizes immunosuppressive M2 macrophages into antitumor M1 macrophages. This study presents a novel strategy to tackle tumor proliferation and enhance tumor response to chemotherapy, offering hope for reversing in drug resistance in cancerous lesions. …”
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A stretchable human lung‐on‐chip model of alveolar inflammation for evaluating anti‐inflammatory drug response by Clémentine Richter, Lorenz Latta, Daria Harig, Patrick Carius, Janick D. Stucki, Nina Hobi, Andreas Hugi, Paul Schumacher, Tobias Krebs, Alexander Gamrekeli, Felix Stöckle, Klaus Urbschat, Galia Montalvo, Franziska Lautenschläger, Brigitta Loretz, Alberto Hidalgo, Nicole Schneider‐Daum, Claus‐Michael Lehr

“…In all cases, the presence of macrophages appeared to be crucial to mediating inflammatory changes in the alveolar epithelium. …”
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Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation by Alexandra Bouyssi, Alexis Trecourt, Tanguy Déméautis, Florence Persat, Olivier Glehen, Martine Wallon, Gilles Devouassoux, Abderrazzak Bentaher, Jean Menotti

“…Methods The inflammatory response to cigarette smoke alone or with A. fumigatus was investigated in cell culture models of murine macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. In an animal model, mice were exposed daily to two cigarettes smoke over 14 weeks, and two intranasal instillations of 105 spores at weeks 7 and 14. …”
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Anti-inflammatory effect of Angiotensin 1-7 in white adipose tissue by Nozomi Nishida, Satoru Sugimoto, Satoshi Miyagaki, Chiharu Cho, Madoka Konishi, Takeshi Goda, Mihoko Yamaguchi, Yasuhiro Kawabe, Hidechika Morimoto, Joji Kusuyama, Takuro Okamura, Masahide Hamaguchi, Jun Mori, Hisakazu Nakajima, Michiaki Fukui, Tomoko Iehara

“…Furthermore, Ang 1–7 reduced MCP-1 and TNF-α secretions in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, respectively, which are in vitro experimental models mimicking obesity condition. …”
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Programmed cell death-related gene IL20RA facilitates tumor progression and remodels tumor microenvironment in thyroid cancer by Yuqi Wang, Yunlong Zhang, Min Liu, Yu Liu, Yu Zeng, Wei Zhang, Shuping Wu, Linfei Hu, Xianhui Ruan, Xiangqian Zheng, Ming Gao, Jingzhu Zhao

“…Analysis of the immune microenvironment and detection of macrophages polarization showed that IL20RA promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages while reducing the polarization of M1. …”
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Correlation of Surface Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression with IL-17 Production in Neutrophils during Septic Peritonitis in Mice Induced by E. coli by Yunjia Ren, Li Hua, Xiuping Meng, Yue Xiao, Xu Hao, Sheng Guo, Peiyan Zhao, Luowei Wang, Boqi Dong, Yongli Yu, Liying Wang

“…After E. coli infection, sTLR9 expression on CD11b+ and CD11b− PMNs and macrophages in the PLCs were increased at early stage and deceased at late stage; IL-17 expression was also increased in CD11b+ PMNs, CD11b− PMNs, macrophages, and CD3+ T cells. …”
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Development and characterization of a chicory extract fermented by Akkermansia muciniphila: An in vitro study on its potential to modulate obesity-related inflammation by A. Chervet, R. Nehme, C. Defois-Fraysse, C. Decombat, C. Blavignac, C. Auxenfans, B. Evrard, S. Michel, E. Filaire, J.-Y. Berthon, A. Dreux-Zigha, L. Delort, F. Caldefie-Chézet

“…We found that C-Akm extract decreased ROS generation, TNF-α and Il-6 gene expression in polarized macrophages, INFγ and IL-17A secretion in LPS-stimulated PBMCs stimulated with LPS. …”
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