Immunology and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Basic Approach by Genaro G. Ortiz, Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés, Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero, Ana C. Ramírez-Anguiano, Luis J. Flores-Alvarado, Viridiana Ramírez-Ramírez, Miguel A. Macias-Islas, Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez

“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines amplify the inflammatory cascade by compromising the BBB, recruiting immune cells from the periphery, and activating resident microglia. inflammation-associated oxidative burst in activated microglia and macrophages plays an important role in the demyelination and free radical-mediated tissue injury in the pathogenesis of MS. …”
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RAGE is a Potential Cause of Onset and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Kamyar Asadipooya, Kamran B. Lankarani, Rishi Raj, Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi

“…The immune system, especially macrophages, has an important defense mechanism against RAGE pathway activities. …”
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Innate immune cells in vascular lesions: mechanism and significance of diversified immune regulation by Jinjing Wu, Yulu Qian, Kuang Yang, Shuhua Zhang, Erming Zeng, Daya Luo

“…In recent years, the immune regulation of angiogenesis has received increasing attention, and innate immune cells, which are centred on macrophages, are thought to play important roles in vascular neogenesis and development. …”
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Mycobacterium avium Infection of Multinucleated Giant Cells Reveals Association of Bacterial Survival to Autophagy and Cholesterol Utilization by Jayanthi J. Joseph, Amy Leestemaker-Palmer, Soheila Kazemi, Lia Danelishvili, Luiz E. Bermudez

“…Inhibition of autophagy with siRNA significantly reduced M. avium survival significantly in THP-1 macrophages. Depletion of host cholesterol and sphingomyelin in MGCs also resulted in decreased survival of M. avium. …”
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The Liver X Receptor Promotes Immune Homeostasis via Controlled Activation of the Innate Immune System in the Liver by Hiroyuki Nakashima, Bradley M. Kearney, Manabu Kinoshita

“…Liver X receptors (LXRs) induce the expression of cholesterol transporters in macrophages to transport free cholesterol derived from apoptotic cells into extracellular space via high-density lipoproteins. …”
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Induction of Cell Activation Processes by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields by Myrtill Simkó

“…Furthermore, EMF is also shown as a stimulus for immune relevant cells (e.g., macrophages) to release free radicals. It is known that chronic activation of macrophages is associated with the onset of phagocytosis and leads to increased formation of reactive oxygen species, which themselves may cause DNA damage and are suggested to lead to carcinogenesis. …”
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Antigen Presentation in the Gut by W Doe, P Pavli

“…Candidate antigen-presenting cells in the gut include dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes, mucosal epithelial cells and endothelial cells. …”
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TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment by Miso Park, Da-Sol Kuen, Keon Wook Kang, Yeonseok Chung, Jaewoo Park, Munkyung Choi, Yeonji Kim, Eun Chae Roh, Yong June Choi, Yoon Gyoon Kim, Sung Yun Cho

“…Flow cytometry was used for the quantification of cell populations and immunophenotyping of macrophages and T cells. Co-cultures of macrophages and T cells were performed to verify the role of CCN1 in the tumors.Results TYRO3 blockade boosts antitumor immune responses in both the tumor-draining lymph nodes and tumors in MC38-syngeneic mice models. …”
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HIF-1α and VEGF Immunophenotypes as Potential Biomarkers in the Prognosis and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature by Dimitra P. Vageli, Panagiotis G. Doukas, Dimitrios Georgiou, Michailangelos P. Prokopiou, Nefeli E. Ladaki, Androniki Papadopoulou, Sotirios G. Doukas, Konstantina Zacharouli, Konstantinos P. Makaritsis, Maria Ioannou

“…In contrast, stable overexpression of VEGF in macrophages correlates with reduced hyperplasia after arterial injury, reduced foam cell formation, and attenuation of atherosclerosis progression. …”
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Innate Immune Effectors Play Essential Roles in Acute Respiratory Infection Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae by Dong Liu, Zhifu Chen, Yue Yuan, Haiming Jing, Jintao Zou, Xiaoli Zhang, Xi Zeng, Weijun Zhang, Quanming Zou, Jinyong Zhang

“…Flow cytometric assay demonstrated that alveolar macrophages were the predominant cells in BALF before infection, and neutrophils were quickly recruited after infection, and this was in consistent with the kinetics of chemokine expression. …”
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Role of TNF-Alpha, IFN-Gamma, and IL-10 in the Development of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Yone Vila Nova Cavalcanti, Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz, Juliana Kelle de Andrade Lemoine Neves, José Candido Ferraz, Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira

“…IFN-gamma is the main cytokine involved in the immune response against mycobacteria, and its major function is the activation of macrophages, allowing them to exert its microbicidal role functions. …”
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Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Laennecia confusa by María G. Martínez Ruiz, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Zaida N. Juárez, Yossef Av-Gay, Horacio Bach, Luis R. Hernández

“…All bioactive extracts and fractions assayed were also found to be cytotoxic to macrophages. In addition, the hexane and methane extracts show anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the secretion of interleukine-6.…”
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It’s about TIME – Gal-9 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by Christin Knickmeier, Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu, Bernhard F. Gibbs, Frederik J. H. Hoogwater, Maarten W. Nijkamp, Maximilian Bockhorn, N. Helge Meyer

“…Gal-9 significantly contributes to the immunosuppressive milieu of PDAC by interacting with various immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). …”
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Chronic-Alcohol-Abuse-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Yan Liang, Samantha M. Yeligar, Lou Ann S. Brown

“…Alcohol-induced GSH depletion or oxidation was associated with impaired functions of alveolar type II cells and alveolar macrophages but could be reversed by restoring GSH pools in the alveolar lining fluid. …”
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Unconventional secretion of unglycosylated ORF8 is critical for the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection. by Xiaoyuan Lin, Beibei Fu, Yan Xiong, Na Xing, Weiwei Xue, Dong Guo, Mohamed Zaky, Krishna Pavani, Dusan Kunec, Jakob Trimpert, Haibo Wu

“…Conventionally secreted ORF8 is glycosylated and loses the ability to recognize interleukin 17 receptor A of macrophages, possibly due to the steric hindrance imposed by N-glycosylation at Asn78. …”
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STING agonism overcomes STAT3-mediated immunosuppression and adaptive resistance to PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer by Changli Qian, Gordon J Freeman, Tao Jiang, Ursula Matulonis, Ziying Lin, Hye-Jung Kim, Anniina Färkkilä, Hua Yu, Xin Cheng, Panagiotis A Konstantinopoulos, Antons Martincuks, Joyce F Liu, Qiwei Wang, Liya Ding, Michael J Kearns, Shaozhen Xie, Inga-Maria Launonen, Thomas M Roberts, Jean J Zhao

“…STAT3 ablation in tumor cells mitigates polarization of protumor macrophages and increases tumor-infiltrating T cells on PARP inhibition. …”
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A covalent peptide-based lysosome-targeting protein degradation platform for cancer immunotherapy by Youmei Xiao, Zhuoying He, Wanqiong Li, Danhong Chen, Xiaoshuang Niu, Xin Yang, Wenxuan Zeng, Mengfan Wang, Yuzhen Qian, Ye Su, Feiyu Luo, Guanyu Chen, Juan Liu, Xinghua Sui, Xiuman Zhou, Yanfeng Gao

“…Biological experiments demonstrate that covalent Pep-TACs can significantly degrade the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, especially under acidic conditions, and markedly enhance the function of T cells and tumor phagocytosis by macrophages. …”
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Sarcoidosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies by Danfeng Xu, Xiaohua Tao, Yibin Fan, Yan Teng

“…Antigen stimulation in genetically predisposed individuals enhances the phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. CD4 + T cells initiate dysregulated immune responses and secrete significant quantities of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which play a crucial role in modulating the aggregation and fusion of macrophages to form granulomas. …”
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Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonists as Modulators of Innate Immune Cell Function by A. J. Theron, H. C. Steel, G. R. Tintinger, C. M. Gravett, R. Anderson, C. Feldman

“…Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are produced predominantly by cells of the innate immune system, especially basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Notwithstanding potent bronchoconstrictor activity, cysLTs are also proinflammatory consequent to their autocrine and paracrine interactions with G-protein-coupled receptors expressed not only on the aforementioned cell types, but also on Th2 lymphocytes, as well as structural cells, and to a lesser extent neutrophils and CD8+ cells. …”
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Impairments of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Ludmila V. Sakhno, Ekaterina Ya. Shevela, Marina A. Tikhonova, Sergey D. Nikonov, Alexandr A. Ostanin, Elena R. Chernykh

“…The phenotype and functional properties of antigen-presenting cells (APC), that is, circulating monocytes and generated in vitro macrophages and dendritic cells, were investigated in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) differing in lymphocyte reactivity to M. tuberculosis antigens (PPD-reactive versus PPD-anergic patients). …”
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