A Mutation in IL4RA Is Associated with the Degree of Pathology in Human TB Patients by Christoph Hölscher, Lisa Heitmann, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Rolf D. Horstmann, Christian G. Meyer, Stefan Ehlers, Thorsten Thye

“…In these mice, the IL-13-mediated increased susceptibility, human-like pathology of collagen deposition around centrally necrotizing granulomas, and alternative macrophage activation were abolished. Together, our genetic association study in human TB patients further supports the assumption that IL-13/IL-4Rα-dependent mechanisms are involved in mediating tissue pathology of human TB.…”
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IL-33/ST2 Activation Is involved in Ro60-Regulated Photosensitivity in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus by Yitian Song, Fangzhi Wei, Ying Liu, Feng Han, Lihui Ma, Yanping Zhuang, Chengdan Pan, Zhandong Jia, Aimin Gong

“…Keratinocytes were cocultured with J774.2 macrophages and stimulated with IL-33 for analysis of chemostasis. …”
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Additive Effects of Glutathione in Improving Antibiotic Efficacy in HIV–<i>M.tb</i> Co-Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Systematic Review by Leena Nabipur, Michael Mouawad, Vishwanath Venketaraman

“…Results: Preclinical studies showed that GSH improves macrophage antimicrobial function, reduces oxidative stress, and limits <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M.tb</i>) growth. …”
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A Reduction in Selenoprotein S Amplifies the Inflammatory Profile of Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle in the mdx Dystrophic Mouse by Craig Robert Wright, Giselle Larissa Allsopp, Alex Bernard Addinsall, Natasha Lee McRae, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Nicole Stupka

“…In the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp-1) (P=0.034), macrophage marker F4/80 (P=0.030), and transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) (P=0.056) were increased in mdx:Seps1−/+ mice. …”
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New therapies in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Recent insights by Giulia Guglielmi, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, S. John Wort

“…Subsequent sections describe treatments that target epigenetic regulators, e.g. poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors and direct BRD4 antagonists, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Seralutinib), and therapies aimed at inflammation, such as IL-6 inhibitors, CD-20 inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies that prevent macrophage migration. Finally, strategies that target the serotonin pathway, and other metabolic and hormonal pathways are described.This review includes both preclinical and clinical trial data that support efficacy, safety and the future potential of such therapies. …”
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Structural Characterizations and Biological Evaluation of a Natural Polysaccharide from Branches of <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Abel by Shengjia Lu, Yali Zhang, Yanghui Ou, Jianghui Xin, Hongliang Yao, Litao Guan

“…Conclusions: In general, CBP demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity with down-regulating the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in the LPS-induced macrophage RAW264.7 model. This bioactive polysaccharide adds value to waste branches by offering a novel approach to waste recycling and the development of <i>C. oleifera</i>.…”
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CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibit RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation by Upregulating A20 Deubiquitinase in RAW 264.7 Cells by Seong-Kyu Kim, Jung-Yoon Choe, Ki-Yeun Park

“…RAW 264.7 cells, a murine monocyte-macrophage cell line, were incubated with or without CpG-ODN in the presence of RANKL. …”
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Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy? by Howard L Kaufman, Hongbin Wang, Dipongkor Saha, Samuel D Rabkin, Mia Borlongan, Uyen Le, Hans J Nauwynck

“…Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV), approved for the treatment of recurrent melanoma, and the virus encodes the human cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A significant advantage of oncolytic viruses is the ability to deliver therapeutic payloads to the tumor site that can help drive antitumor immunity. …”
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Naringenin, a Food Bioactive Compound, Reduces Oncostatin M Through Blockade of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Neutrophil-like Differentiated HL-60 Cells by Na-Ra Han, Hi-Joon Park, Seong-Gyu Ko, Phil-Dong Moon

“…While exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced elevated OSM release and mRNA expression, the elevated OSM release and mRNA expression were diminished by the addition of NAR in dHL-60 cells. …”
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Dengue Infection and Its Relationship with Evans Syndrome: A Pediatric Case by Ivan Jose Ardila Gomez, Pilar Pérez López, Mónika Rocío Hernández Carreño, Juan Camilo Barrios Torres

“…Dengue is not an exception, and it is able to explain different autoimmune phenomena including macrophage activation. Mechanisms have been described by which an exacerbated response of the disease is triggered through the increase of infected cells, formation of immune complexes, and complement pathway activation, which lead to a cross-reaction of viral antigens with epithelial cells with platelets with subsequent endothelial dysfunction and bleeds. …”
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ANGPTL4 induces Kupffer cell M2 polarization to mitigate acute rejection in liver transplantation by Weifeng Huang, Liqing Jiang, Yingsong Jiang, Shanshan Li, Wanqi Liu, Kezhen Zong, Dadi Peng, Zhongjun Wu, Zuotian Huang

“…Kupffer cells (KCs), liver-specific macrophages, can polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, both of which critically influence AR outcomes. …”
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Investigation of the association between circulating inflammatory proteins and encephalitis risk in Europeans by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis by Yanwei Liu, Xilong Wang, Qiang Zhao, Jun Wei, Shiqiang Yang

“…Inflammatory factors potentially causally associated with autoimmune encephalitis are C-C motif chemokine 28 levels and Macrophage inflammatory protein 1a levels.ConclusionThis study identifies potential causal effects of certain circulating inflammatory factors on susceptibility to three types of encephalitis. …”
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Different Pathological Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 9 on Mucosal B Cells and Dendritic Cells in Murine IgA Nephropathy by Tadahiro Kajiyama, Yusuke Suzuki, Masao Kihara, Hitoshi Suzuki, Satoshi Horikoshi, Yasuhiko Tomino

“…However, CpG-A-group showed clear extension of mesangial proliferative lesions with increase of serum IgA-IgG2a IC and its glomerular depositions, while CpG-B-group showed extent of glomerular sclerotic lesions with increase of serum and glomerular IgA and M2 macrophage infiltration. Present results indicate that mucosal TLR9 on B cells and DC may differently contribute to the progression of this disease via induction of nephritogenic IgA or IgA-IgG IC, respectively. …”
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Promising Therapeutic Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived-Exosome in Asthma by Jia-Ying Yuan, Xiang-Yun Wang, Zhi-Ying Tong, Yu-Chao Dong, Jia-Yi Zhao, Yi Zhang, Yan Shang

“…Points also hold that BMMSC-Exo could interfere with airway inflammation and airway remolding in asthma via modulating the immune response, regulating gene expression, adjusting the phenotype of macrophage, etc. However, BMMSC-Exo still lacked more clinical trials for evaluating the effects on asthma, and the technology of extraction and purification still needs to be improved for wide use. …”
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Transferrin receptor-1 and ferritin heavy and light chains in astrocytic brain tumors: Expression and prognostic value. by Ann Mari Rosager, Mia D Sørensen, Rikke H Dahlrot, Steinbjørn Hansen, David L Schonberg, Jeremy N Rich, Justin D Lathia, Bjarne W Kristensen

“…Low levels of FTH-positive tumor cells and microglia/macrophages were associated with poor survival in anaplastic astrocytomas, while high amounts of FTL-positive microglia/macrophages had a negative prognostic value. …”
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TransLeish: Identification of membrane transporters essential for survival of intracellular Leishmania parasites in a systematic gene deletion screen by Andreia Albuquerque-Wendt, Ciaran McCoy, Rachel Neish, Ulrich Dobramysl, Çağla Alagöz, Tom Beneke, Sally A. Cowley, Kathryn Crouch, Richard J. Wheeler, Jeremy C. Mottram, Eva Gluenz

“…Forty transporter deletions caused significant loss of fitness in macrophage and mouse infections. A striking example is the Vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), which, unexpectedly, was dispensable for promastigote growth in vitro but essential for survival of the disease-causing amastigotes.…”
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Genistein Protects against Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation via TLR4-Mediated Microglial Polarization by Xin-Wu Li, Peng Wu, Jian Yao, Kai Zhang, Gen-Yang Jin

“…The expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers was determined using flow cytometry, and the expression of proteins was detected using immunoblotting. …”
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Acidovorax temperans skews neutrophil maturation and polarizes Th17 cells to promote lung adenocarcinoma development by Joshua K. Stone, Natalia von Muhlinen, Chenran Zhang, Ana I. Robles, Amy L. Flis, Eleazar Vega-Valle, Akihiko Miyanaga, Masaru Matsumoto, K. Leigh Greathouse, Tomer Cooks, Giorgio Trinchieri, Curtis C. Harris

“…Neutrophil to monocyte and macrophage signaling upregulated MHC II to activate CD4+ T cells, polarizing them to an IL-17A+ phenotype detectable in CD4+ and γδ populations (T17). …”
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Endometrial Regenerative Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Chenglu Sun, Jingpeng Hao, Hong Qin, Yanglin Zhu, Xiang Li, Baoren Zhang, Yafei Qin, Guangming Li, Hongda Wang, Hao Wang

“…Histological features, macrophage and CD4+ T cell in the spleen and colon, and cytokine profiles in the sera and colon were measured. …”
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Topically Applied Connective Tissue Growth Factor/CCN2 Improves Diabetic Preclinical Cutaneous Wound Healing: Potential Role for CTGF in Human Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing by F. R. Henshaw, P. Boughton, L. Lo, S. V. McLennan, S. M. Twigg

“…Wound α-smooth muscle actin was increased in CTGF treated diabetic wounds compared with untreated diabetic wounds, as was macrophage infiltration. Endogenous wound fluid CTGF protein rate of increase in human diabetic foot ulcers correlated positively with foot ulcer healing rate (r=0.406; P<0.001). …”
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