Interaction and overall effects of underweight, low muscle mass, malnutrition, and inflammation on early-onset mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes by Chen-Ying Lin, Chen-Ying Lin, Ya-Jie Zhai, Fan Wu, Hao-Hua An, Tong Chen, Hui-Na Qiu, Jing-Bo Li, Jing-Na Lin

“…After adjusting for confounders, the Low-pattern group had a 1.45-fold increased risk of EOMCI (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.01–2.08). …”
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Geografia do trabalho no Brasil by Alexandre Gori Maia

“…Overall, most Brazilian municipalities show low pattern of socio-economic development, prevailing agricultural activities and a huge number of low-paid workers. …”
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Evaluation of Meniere’s disease, allergy, and their association in a group of patients with vertigo using electrocochleography and skin prick test by Yalda Jabbari-Moghaddam, Sevda Karimi, Mahnaz Sadeghi-Shabestari, Saiedeh Razi-Soofiyani

“…The pattern of threshold elevation showed that the flat pattern in allergic group and the low pattern in non-allergic group were significantly more prevalent. …”
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Carbon Lock-In Mechanisms in Transport Infrastructure and Temporal Spatial Dynamics by Yinghui Zhang, Yun Chen, Kai Li, Yong Wu, Chongsen Ma

“…The key findings are as follows: (1) temporally, the composite path dependence index (PDI) increased from 0.13 to 0.24, with an average annual growth rate of 5.7%, although the growth trend exhibited noticeable fluctuations. (2) Spatially, a clear “East-High–West-Low, South-High–North-Low” pattern is observed, with the eastern region exhibiting a PDI approximately 29% higher than that of the northeastern region—mainly due to differences in economic vitality and the degree of policy intervention. (3) Threshold nonlinearity is evident: the influence of key factors on carbon path dependence varies across quantiles, and a critical threshold appears at the 0.9 quantile. …”
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Evaluating the effectiveness of the Shan-Shui Initiatives in China by Yutong Jiang, Xinghao Shan, Qingyu Liu, Yu Feng, Yuyang Lai, Kaiji Xu, Jinman Wang, Zhongke Bai, Xiaoming Feng

“…Overall, these interventions showed a positive influence on ESs, although the degree of trade-off showed a south-high and north-low pattern. This highlights the necessity for ecological restoration efforts to carefully consider regional differences. …”
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Spatiotemporal Mapping of Soil Profile Moisture in Oases in Arid Areas by Zihan Zhang, Jinjie Wang, Jianli Ding, Jinming Zhang, Li Li, Liya Shi, Yue Liu

“…Spatially, soil moisture was higher in the central oasis and lower toward the periphery, forming a “center-high, edge-low” pattern. This study provides a high-accuracy method for multi-layer soil moisture remote sensing in arid regions, offering valuable data support for oasis water resource management and precision irrigation planning.…”
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Spatial disparities of population aging in Shenzhen: from China’s Hukou perspective by Qing Luo, Zhuoying Li, Yuanjun Li, Yunhao Yang, Jiaxin Liu, Guangbo Liu, Huayi Wu

“…The spatial Durbin model is further applied to quantify both direct and spatial spillover effects of economic, social welfare, and natural environmental factors on the two aging cohorts.ResultsLocal Hukou holders show a “west to east rising” aging trend, while older population without Shenzhen’s Hukou exhibit a “south high, north low” pattern. Both groups demonstrate strong positive spatial spillover effects within their respective Hukou type. …”
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Spatio-temporal variation and influencing factors of carbon emissions from land use change in Xilingol region of Inner Mongolia, China by Anting Du, Siqin Tong, Jinyuan Ren, Gang Bao, Xiaojun Huang, Yuhai Bao, Dorjsuren Altantuya, Chunlan Li

“…The results yielded three key findings: (1) built-up areas expanded by 2.4 times, becoming the dominant carbon source, while the high- and moderate-coverage grasslands declined significantly; (2) LUCE exhibited the distinct spatiotemporal patterns, remaining stable and low from 1990 to 2000 but increasing rapidly from 2000 to 2020, with the spatial distribution demonstrating the “east-high, west-low; south-high, and north-low” pattern and the emissions consistently concentrated in or near Xilinhot City; and (3) the influence of drivers shifted over time, with the biological disturbances becoming increasingly prominent, while the impacts of urbanization, industrialization, and economic factors declined after 2000. …”
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The distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the temperate coast of China: implications for marine ecological risks in the context of global warming by Dapeng Bai, Dapeng Bai, Hongxian Chu, Hongxian Chu, Yongcai Feng, Yongcai Feng, Lixin Wang, Lixin Wang, Lixin Wang, Meiling Yin, Meiling Yin

“…The temperature along the north-south transect was consistent, with a distinct demarcation at 118.68°E (19°C), where the temperature gradient exhibited a pronounced east-high, west-low pattern. The temperature difference between the surface and bottom waters was minimal. …”
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Spatiotemporal analysis of economic and ecological water resource resilience and its drivers in the Poyang Lake Basin based on the PSR model by FU Shuai, FENG Yingxiang, YU Jie, XU Bingxian, LI Lanhai, LI Xiuxiang, PENG Yuxin

“…Most areas in the basin continued to experience low resilience levels. ② During this period, resilience levels among the 11 regions displayed an alternating high-low pattern. Spatially, pressure and overall resilience showed limited regional variation and remained generally high, while state and response resilience increased from the center toward the northern and southern parts of the basin. …”
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Integrating Geodetector and GTWR to Unveil Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in China’s Agricultural Carbon Emissions Under the Dual Carbon Goals by Huae Dang, Yuanjie Deng, Yifeng Hai, Hang Chen, Wenjing Wang, Miao Zhang, Xingyang Liu, Can Yang, Minghong Peng, Dingdi Jize, Mei Zhang, Long He

“…Key findings: (1) temporally, total ACEs exhibit fluctuating growth, while emission intensity has significantly decreased, indicating the combined effects of policy regulation and technological advancements; (2) spatially, emissions display an “east-high, west-low” pattern, with an increasing number of hotspot areas and a continuous shift of the emission centroid toward the northwest; and (3) mechanistically, agricultural gross output value is the primary driving factor, with its influence fluctuating in response to economic and policy changes. …”
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Monsoon Forcing on Precipitation Stable Isotopes in the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon: Evidence from Indian Summer Monsoon Dynamics by WANG Zhongyu, QI Jihong, XU Mo, LI Xiao, YI Lei, LIANG Jingyan, TAN Yao

“…The findings revealed a distinctive low-high-low pattern of d-excess across the research region, with elevated d-excess observed in the Himalayan eastern tectonic zone. …”
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Integrating ecological importance and risk for restoration zoning and ecological water demand in the Shiyang river basin by Yue Liu, Xuebin Zhang, Ziyang Wang, Haoyuan Feng

“…Results demonstrate: (1) The study area exhibits distinct southwest-northeast differentiation, with mountain, oasis, and desert systems predominantly represented by mountain and desert systems. (2) Ecosystem service importance displays “southwest-high, northeast-low” spatial patterns, increasing from 12.66 to 15.50 during the study period. (3) Ecological risk levels increase progressively across mountain, oasis, and desert systems, rising overall from 3.84 to 3.90, with oasis systems showing the most pronounced increases. (4) Based on ecological importance and risk assessment results, grid-scale ecological protection and restoration zones align closely with mountain-oasis-desert characteristics, providing clear management orientation. (5) Total ecological water requirements amount to 340.43 billion m³, displaying “south-high, north-low” patterns. Ecological core zones, ecological restoration zones, and wilderness protection zones demonstrate relatively high total ecological water requirements, while ecological set-aside zones and ecological buffer zones exhibit relatively high per-unit-area ecological water demands. …”
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Patterns of recurrence after curative D2 resection for gastric cancer: Implications for postoperative radiotherapy by Jing Xu, Li Shen, Yongjie Shui, Wei Yu, Qingqu Guo, Risheng Yu, Yulian Wu, Qichun Wei

“…Abstract Background High‐quality randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefit of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with radical resected gastric cancer (GC), however, utilization rates of postoperative RT remain remarkably low. Patterns, incidences, and time of recurrence provide biological bases for clinical monitoring of GC patients and guiding potential complementary therapies. …”
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