Two-wavelength WDM multiplexers based on combined fiber structures by D. A. Ivanov, V. I. Nefedov

“…Such devices are distinguished by a sufficiently high level of optical characteristics at a relatively low cost of products. However, an analysis of the multiplexers produced in recent years shows that the characteristics of these devices do not sufficiently correspond to the set of modern requirements imposed by most system developers, in particular on permissible values of external influencing factors, insertion loss and the value of optical isolation of channels. …”
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Prediction of Conductive Anomalies Ahead of the Tunnel by the 3D-Resitivity Forward Modeling in the Whole Space by Daiming Hu, Bülent Tezkan, Mingxin Yue, Xiaodong Yang, Xiaoping Wu, Guanqun Zhou

“…The three-dimensional (3D) direct current (DC) resistivity method is widely used in the forward-probing of tunnels because of its low cost and highly sensitive response to water-bearing structures. …”
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A systematic review of portable technologies for the early assessment of motor development in infants by Weiyang Deng, Megan K. O’Brien, Rachel A. Andersen, Richa Rai, Erin Jones, Arun Jayaraman

“…This has sparked interest in portable, low-cost technologies to objectively and precisely measure infant motion at home, with a goal of enhancing ecological validity. …”
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A systematic and comprehensive review on low power wide area network: characteristics, architecture, applications and research challenges by Ass Diane, Ousmane Diallo, El Hadji Malick Ndoye

“…This research work has developed the characteristics of LPWANs and the techniques used to achieve long-range energy efficiency, high scalability, and low cost. In addition, it presents the application areas of LPWAN technologies with use-case network architectures for each area, addresses spectrum and energy optimization, and discusses open research challenges that need to be focused to provide guidelines for further contributions.…”
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Modification of an automated precision farming robot for high temporal resolution measurement of leaf angle dynamics using stereo vision by Frederik Hennecke, Jonas Bömer, René H.J. Heim

“…The method can be utilized by other researchers to gather data on leaf angles and other structural plant traits at regular intervals to access the dynamics of leaves, plants, and canopies. The system's low cost and adaptability can enhance the efficiency of crop monitoring in plant breeding and phenotyping experiments. …”
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Optimization of Working Conditions for Perovskite-Based Gas Sensor Devices by Multiregression Analysis by Fabio Zaza, Vanessa Pallozzi, Emanuele Serra

“…Semiconducting metal oxide sensors are particularly attractive technology because of their simplicity in function, small size, and projected low cost. The aim of this work is to synthesize Ti-substituted lanthanum ferrite perovskite, LaFe0.8Ti0.2O3, in order to develop a resistive sensor device for monitoring carbon monoxide. …”
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Design and Fabrication of Ultrathin Metallic Phase Shifters for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelengths by Qing Guo, Jinkui Chu, Chuanlong Guan, Chuxiao Zhang, Ran Zhang

“…The fabrication process can produce desirable metallic phase shifters with high efficiency, large area, and low cost. We demonstrate through a numerical simulation and experiment that the metallic phase shifter exhibits phase delay performance. …”
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Minimizing Delay and Power Consumption at the Edge by Erol Gelenbe

“…Edge computing systems must offer low latency at low cost and low power consumption for sensors and other applications, including the IoT, smart vehicles, smart homes, and 6G. …”
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Collagen membrane versus platelet rich fibrin membrane in bone graft healing: An experimental study in sheep. by Mahdi O. Abdullah, Ahmed A. Hayder

“…Conclusion: The use of PRF membrane shows a good outcome as a low cost biological material capable of improving bone healing defects, grafted with bone substitute. …”
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Use of Molecular Methods for the Rapid Mass Detection of Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in Biomphalaria spp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) by Roberta Lima Caldeira, Liana Konovaloffi Jannotti-Passos, Omar Dos Santos Carvalho

“…These molecular approaches can provide a low-cost, effective, and rapid method for detecting the presence of S. mansoni in pooled samples of field-collected Biomphalaria. …”
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Adsorption Studies of Textile Dye (Chrysoidine) from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Sawdust by Muhammad Waqar Ashraf, Nidal Abulibdeh, Abdus Salam

“…Hence, it is very important to remove or reduce its concentration below the contamination level in the waste line by using low-cost technologies. Sawdust is a plentiful material available very cheaply from sawmills and woodworks. …”
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Compressed Sensing Based Apple Image Measurement Matrix Selection by Ying Xiao, Wanlin Gao, Ganghong Zhang, Han Zhang

“…The purpose of this paper is to design a measurement matrix of apple image based on compressed sensing to realize low cost sampling apple image. Compressed sensing based apple image sampling method makes a breakthrough to the limitation of the Nyquist sampling theorem. …”
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Risk Assessment of Dyslipidemias, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, and Hypertension Utilizing Self-Reported Body Silhouettes by Ruben Blachman-Braun, Juan O. Talavera, Marcela Pérez-Rodríguez, Ivonne Roy-García, Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz, Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo, Jorge Salmerón

“…Applications of questioners containing this silhouette might be considered a valuable public health instrument due to their low cost, relative simplicity, and absence of specialized equipment, training, or respondent knowledge.…”
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Effect of MnOx/α-Fe2O3 Prepared from Goethite on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 by Huimin Zhou, Lili Qian, Ting Cheng, Bo Du, Fengjie Xia, Chengzhu Zhu

“…A low-cost goethite and manganese acetate were used to prepare a MnOx/α-Fe2O3 composite catalyst by simple impregnation method for novel high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3, and its denitration performance of composite catalyst under different conditions was investigated in a thermal fixed-bed catalytic reaction system. …”
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Smart Integrated Decentralization Strategies of Solar Power System in Buildings by Syed Muhammad Kashif Shah, Tanzeel Ur Rasheed, Hafiz Muhammad Ali

“…The proposed system is a collaborative sharing integrated decentralized solar system that credits sunlight-based energy framework proprietors for the power they add to different buildings due to the collaborative sharing mechanism at Rs.10 per kWh. This low-cost electricity is available at your doorstep that you can share according to the collaborative sharing basis that will not range any certain variable. …”
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Environmental Enrichment Therapy for Autism: Outcomes with Increased Access by Eyal Aronoff, Robert Hillyer, Michael Leon

“…Environmental enrichment, delivered via an online system, therefore appears to be an effective, low-cost means of treating the symptoms of ASD.…”
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Removal of Copper(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Natural Kaolinite by Xue-Song Wang, Jin Wang, Cheng Sun

“…The potential of the low-cost adsorbent kaolinite for removing copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions was thoroughly investigated. …”
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Structural Health Monitoring of Timber Using Electromechanical Impedance (EMI) Technique by Fang Han, Quanjing Zhang, Chengfeng Wang, Guangtao Lu, Jinwei Jiang

“…However, the electromechanical impedance studies on damage detection for timber are limited due to the anisotropic and ununiform biomaterial properties. As a low-cost and environment-friendly building material, timber has been widely used in the construction. …”
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Investigating the Effect of Thermal Annealing Process on the Photovoltaic Performance of the Graphene-Silicon Solar Cell by Lifei Yang, Xiaolei Wu, Xin Shen, Xuegong Yu, Deren Yang

“…Graphene-silicon (Gr-Si) Schottky solar cell has attracted much attention recently as promising candidate for low-cost photovoltaic application. For the fabrication of Gr-Si solar cell, the Gr film is usually transferred onto the Si substrate by wet transfer process. …”
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Microfluidic Nanoparticle Separation for Precision Medicine by Zhenwei Lan, Rui Chen, Da Zou, Chun‐Xia Zhao

“…Microfluidics, with its unique advantages, such as high adjustability, diverse material selection, low cost, high processing efficiency, and minimal sample requirements, presents an ideal platform for precision medicine applications. …”
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