PPARγ Signaling Mediates the Evolution, Development, Homeostasis, and Repair of the Lung by Virender K. Rehan, John S. Torday

“…Lipofibroblasts then produce leptin, which binds to alveolar type II cells, stimulating their production of surfactant, which is necessary for both evolutionary and physiologic adaptation to atmospheric oxygen from fish to man. …”
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Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Adipokines by Manfredi Tesauro, Maria Paola Canale, Giuseppe Rodia, Nicola Di Daniele, Davide Lauro, Angelo Scuteri, Carmine Cardillo

“…Obesity and MetS affect renal physiology and metabolism through mechanisms which include altered levels of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, oxidative stress, and inflammation. …”
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The Effect of Sleep Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health by SeokHyun Hong, Da-Been Lee, Dae-Wui Yoon, Seung-Lim Yoo, Jinkwan Kim

“…Sleep loss affects key metabolic regulators, including AMPK signaling and disrupts the secretion of metabolic hormones such as leptin and ghrelin. The latest evidence points to the role of sleep-induced changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota, which may contribute to metabolic dysfunction through modifications in the intestinal barrier and inflammatory responses. …”
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Obesity and Chronic Inflammation: Implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, and Ulcerative Colitis by Ada Corrado, Ilaria Guadagni, Giovanna Picarelli, Angela Variola

“…The dysregulation of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, further complicates this interplay, impacting immune responses and metabolic processes. …”
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The Decreased Growth Hormone Response to Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone in Obesity Is Associated to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Fernando Cordido, Jesús Garcia-Buela, Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos, Teresa Martinez, Ovidio Vidal

“…GH secretion, IGF-I, serum cardiovascular risk markers, insulin, leptin, mid-waist and hip circumference, total body fat, and truncal fat were measured. …”
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Differential Effects of Calorie Restriction and Exercise on the Adipose Transcriptome in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Karrie E. Wheatley, Leticia M. Nogueira, Susan N. Perkins, Stephen D. Hursting

“…Relative to the DIO controls, both CR and EX reduced adiposity by 35–40% and serum leptin levels by 80%, but only CR increased adiponectin and insulin sensitivity. …”
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Identification of genes involved in energy metabolism in preeclampsia and discovery of early biomarkers by Ruohua Li, Cuixia Zhou, Kejun Ye, Haihui Chen, Mengjia Peng

“…Key differentially expressed genes included CRH(Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone), LEP(Leptin), PDK4(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4), SPP1(Secreted Phosphoprotein 1), and SST(Somatostatin). …”
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Exercise Training Effects on Inflammatory Gene Expression in White Adipose Tissue of Young Mice by Tracy Baynard, Victoria J. Vieira-Potter, Rudy J. Valentine, Jeffrey A. Woods

“…Liver triglycerides and gene expression of F4/80, MCP-1, TNF-α, leptin, and VEGF in visceral white adipose were determined. …”
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Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Perspectives and Gender Differences by Giuseppina T. Russo, Annalisa Giandalia, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Morabito Nunziata, Marco Muscianisi, Maria Concetta Ruffo, Antonino Catalano, Domenico Cucinotta

“…Insulin deficiency and dysfunction, obesity and hyperinsulinemia, altered level of oestrogen, leptin, and adiponectin as well as diabetes-related complications, especially peripheral neuropathy, orthostatic hypotension, or reduced vision due to retinopathy may all be associated with an impairment in bone metabolism and with the increased risk of fractures. …”
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Adipocytokines in Atherothrombosis: Focus on Platelets and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Giovanni Anfossi, Isabella Russo, Gabriella Doronzo, Alice Pomero, Mariella Trovati

“…In particular, increased synthesis and release of different cytokines, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and adipokines—such as leptin—have been reported as associated with future cardiovascular events. …”
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Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity by Maria Paola Canale, Simone Manca di Villahermosa, Giuliana Martino, Valentina Rovella, Annalisa Noce, Antonino De Lorenzo, Nicola Di Daniele

“…Sympathetic activation can be triggered by reflex mechanisms as arterial baroreceptor impairment, by metabolic factors as insulin resistance, and by dysregulated adipokine production and secretion from visceral fat with a mainly permissive role of leptin and antagonist role of adiponectin. Chronic sympathetic nervous system overactivity contributes to a further decline of insulin sensitivity and creates a vicious circle that may contribute to the development of hypertension and of the metabolic syndrome and favor cardiovascular and kidney disease. …”
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Thymus in Short-Term Calorie-Restricted Mice Using RNA-seq by Zehra Omeroğlu Ulu, Salih Ulu, Soner Dogan, Bilge Guvenc Tuna, Nehir Ozdemir Ozgenturk

“…The expression pattern revealed by RNA-seq was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of four important genes, which are leptin, ghrelin, Igf1, and adinopectin. RNA-seq data has been deposited in NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE95371). …”
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Potential Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Artery Disease by Sharifah Intan Qhadijah Syed Ikmal, Hasniza Zaman Huri, Shireene Ratna Vethakkan, Wan Azman Wan Ahmad

“…This review examines potential biological markers, YKL-40, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, soluble CD36, leptin, resistin, interleukin-18, retinol binding protein-4, and chemerin, as they may play significant roles in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary artery disease.…”
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Effects of Obesity on Bone Mass and Quality in Ovariectomized Female Zucker Rats by Rafaela G. Feresin, Sarah A. Johnson, Marcus L. Elam, Edward Jo, Bahram H. Arjmandi, Reza Hakkak

“…To evaluate whether obesity would further exacerbate the effects of ovariectomy on bone, we examined the tibiae and fourth lumbar (L4) vertebrae from leptin receptor-deficient female (Leprfa/fa) Zucker rats and their heterozygous lean controls (Leprfa/+) that were either sham-operated or ovariectomized (Ovx). …”
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Beyond Fat Mass: Exploring the Role of Adipokines in Rheumatic Diseases by Morena Scotece, Javier Conde, Rodolfo Gómez, Veronica López, Francisca Lago, Juan Jesus Gómez-Reino, Oreste Gualillo

“…The cloning of leptin in 1994 by Zhang et al. introduced a novel concept about white adipose tissue (WAT) as a very dynamic organ that releases a plethora of immune and inflammatory mediators, such as adipokines and cytokines, which are involved in multiple diseases. …”
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Calorie Restriction with a High-Fat Diet Effectively Attenuated Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress-Related Markers in Obese Tissues of the High Diet Fed Rats by Seungae Park, Na-Young Park, Giuseppe Valacchi, Yunsook Lim

“…HFCR lowered liver triglyceride levels, total cholesterol levels, and the plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio to normal levels and improved glucose tolerance. …”
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Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees by Pramod Nehete, Elizabeth R. Magden, Bharti Nehete, Patrick W. Hanley, Christian R. Abee

“…We also observed increased levels of metabolic hormones glucagon-like-peptide-1, glucagon, connecting peptide, insulin, pancreatic peptide YY3–36, and leptin in the plasma of overweight and obese chimpanzees. …”
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Rs9939609 Variant of the Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene and Trunk Obesity in Adolescents by Harald Mangge, Wilfried Renner, Gunter Almer, Daniel Weghuber, Reinhard Möller, Renate Horejsi

“…No associations were found with carotis communis intima media thickness, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (US-CRP), homocystein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, oxidized LDL, fasted glucose, insulin, HOMA-index, liver transaminases, uric acid, and adipokines like resistin, leptin, and adiponectin. Taken together, to the best of our knowledge we are the first to report that the rs9939609 FTO SNP is associated with trunk weighted obesity as early as in adolescence.…”
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Endocrine and metabolic alterations in response to systemic inflammation and sepsis: a review article by Syed Faizan Mehdi, Muhammad Hamza Qureshi, Salman Pervaiz, Karishma Kumari, Edwin Saji, Mahnoor Shah, Ahmad Abdullah, Kamran Zahoor, Hafiza Amna Qadeer, Disha Kumari Katari, Christine Metz, Lopa Mishra, Derek LeRoith, Kevin Tracey, Michael J. Brownstein, Jesse Roth

“…Increased cortisol or cortisolemia is evident throughout the acute phase, along with changes in the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis, growth hormone-IGF-1 axis, insulin-glucose axis, leptin, catecholamines, renin angiotensin aldosterone axis, ghrelin, glucagon, hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HGA) axis, and fibroblast growth factor-21. …”
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Biomarkers of inflammation and colorectal cancer risk by Yuting Li, Yuting Li, Yuting Li, Yuexin Luo, Yue Ran, Furong Lu, You Qin

“…Interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF - α, and their receptors also play roles in CRC development, yet research findings vary. Adiponectin and leptin, secreted by adipocytes, have complex associations with CRC, with gender disparities noted. …”
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