Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families by Hyun-Jin Kim, Sun-Wha Im, Ganchimeg Jargal, Siwoo Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yi, Jeong-Yeon Park, Joohon Sung, Sung-Il Cho, Jong-Yeol Kim, Jong-Il Kim, Jeong-Sun Seo

“…We performed factor analysis to infer common latent variables. The heritabilities of 13 facial measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. …”
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Cross-Border Travel Behavior Analysis of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Using MXL-BMA Model by Yajie Zou, Wanbing Han, Bo Lin, Bing Wu, Linbo Li, Shubo Wu, Malik Muneeb Abid

“…A structural equation model (SEM) is adopted to explore the potential relationship between latent variables, and two travel modes (i.e., cross-border bus and cross-border private car) are selected to analyze the cross-border travel mode choice of the HZMB. …”
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Social factors influencing behavioral intentions to vaccinate: personality traits and cues to action by Zeming Li, Xinying Sun

“…Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations among ordinal variables, while Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) explored complex relationships between latent variables.ResultsThe findings indicate that self-efficacy (β = 0.198) and perceived barriers (β = 0.515) exert the most significant direct positive influences on vaccination intentions. …”
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Resilience capacity among the vulnerable farming households in Meki River catchment, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia: Present situation and future prospects by Simret Terefe, Amare Bantider, Ermias Teferi, Meskerem Abi

“…The resilience measurement considered latent variables such as Climate Extremes, Access to Basic Services, Asset, Social Safety Nets, Stability, Adaptive Capacity, and Social Capital as resilience indicators. …”
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Assessing waste separation behaviour in Nigeria: implications for post-Covid-19 pandemic waste management strategies by Tolulope B Olaiya, Shuliang Zhao, Oyewale D Abioye, Uzoamaka P Mgbachi, Oluwabunmi A Falebita

“…The authors achieve this by analyzing survey data from 726 residents in two highly populated cities (Lagos and Oyo states). All the latent variables in the theory of planned behaviour show a positive and significant effect on waste separation behaviour, with attitudes emerging as the strongest influence. …”
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Influence of particle size on NIR spectroscopic characterization of sorghum biomass for the biofuel industry by Md Wadud Ahmed, Carlos A. Esquerre, Kristen Eilts, Dylan P. Allen, Scott M. McCoy, Sebastian Varela, Vijay Singh, Andrew D.B. Leakey, Mohammed Kamruzzaman

“…With only 9 selected bands and 4 latent variables (LVs), the best PLSR model was obtained for moisture with particle size of 600–850 µm with the square root of the coefficient of determination (R) of 0.85, the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) of 2.2, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.46 % in external validation. …”
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Real-world assessment to estimate multiple attributes related to treatment cost driver for mantle cell lymphoma in Japan by econometric modeling by Saaya Tsutsué, Shinichi Makita, Hiroya Asou, Anila Mathew, Yuki Kado, Koki Idehara, Seok-Won Kim, Dilinuer Ainiwaer

“…Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an advanced multivariate analysis framework used to assess the relationships between observed and latent variables within predefined causal models. In this study, SEM was employed to identify cost drivers and estimate variables related to MCL treatment cost. …”
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An Analysis of Transportation Mode Choice in Bitung City Using Structural Equation Modeling by Lucia Ingrid Regina Lefrandt, Charles S. C. Punuhsingon

“…The research involved distributing an online questionnaire to 200 respondents and gathering data on various latent variables, including Travel Cost, Travel Time, Vehicle Condition, and Comfort Level. …”
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Causal Discovery of Flight Service Process Based on Event Sequence by Qian Luo, Lin Zhang, Zhiwei Xing, Huan Xia, Zhao-Xin Chen

“…However, the existing process causal factor discovery methods only do certain research when the assumption of causal sufficiency is established and does not consider the existence of latent variables. Therefore, this article proposes a framework to realize the discovery of process causal factors without assuming causal sufficiency. …”
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Public satisfaction with Healthy China Action Plan implementation: a web-based cross-sectional survey in southwest China by Li Pan, Yi Chen, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Dongyang Liu, Wuzhao Chen, Xinyu Bai

“…High socio-characteristic variables showed negative effects on all latent variables except for the mental health status. All of the effects were statistically significant.Conclusions Understanding the impact of background variables on public satisfaction with Healthy China (Guangxi) Action Plan implementation was crucial, along with considering the sociodemographic traits of participants. …”
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Effect of family support and work resources in the relationship of economic constraints and work volition: Evidence from China. by Lu Hai, Yang Wang, Man Shu, Mengxiao Zhang, Yijiao Wang

“…SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to conducted a comprehensive analysis of the collected data, and investigate the relationships among latent variables and assess the goodness of fit of the observed indicators on their associated latent constructs. …”
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Consumer attitudes and behavior towards organic products: Evidence from the Lithuanian market by Lina Pilelienė, Vilma Tamulienė

“…The questionnaire is comprised of 23 statements representing eight latent variables: six possible reasons for the choice of an organic product (health issues; environmental concerns; food safety and quality; economic reasons; social reasons; psychological reasons) and two possible outcomes (intentions to choose organic products; actual organic product purchases). …”
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Employee Retention and Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Centenary Bank in Kigezi Region Uganda. by Kaziro, Nicholas

“…The overall model comprising of work-life balance, work environment, and career growth opportunities was significant in predicting organizational performance and the overall model explained 76.3% variation in organizational performance of Centenary Bank – Kigezi region (R Square = .763), meaning that 76.3% change in the organizational performance of Centenary Bank – Kigezi region is explained by the three exogenous latent variables. The study recommends Centenary Bank proactively develop and implement comprehensive work-life balance initiatives to enhance their overall performance. …”
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Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of kNDVI in Different Sections of the Yangtze River Basin Using Multiple Statistical Methods and the PLSPM Model by Zhenjiang Wu, Fengmei Yao, Adeel Ahmad, Fan Deng, Jun Fang

“…Compared to traditional correlation analysis and the geographical detector method, PLSPM, as a theoretically driven statistical method, can simultaneously process path relationships among multiple latent variables, effectively revealing the intensity and pathways of driving factors’ influences, while providing more credible and interpretable explanations for kNDVI variation mechanisms. …”
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Gender beliefs and norms underlying intimate partner violence stigma among women living in Botswana: Results of an exploratory factor analysis. by Ari Ho-Foster, Mercilene Tanyaradzwa Machisa, Lorato Ruth Moalusi, Nicola Christofides

“…Among them, an EFA of 31 gender beliefs and norms identified three latent variables: community norms about male dominance over female partners (C-MDP) (11 items; ω = 0.86); respondent beliefs about male dominance over female partners (I-MDP) (12 items; ω = 0.83); and survivor blaming attitudes (SBA) for the IPV they experienced (8-items; ω = 0.83). …”
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Effects of Immune System-Related Medications on COVID-19 Outcome in a Cohort of Iranian Patients: Preliminary Report of a Data Mining Study by Ehsan Bitaraf, Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi, Alireza Gandomi-Mohammadabadi, Zahra Noorani Mejareh, Bahare Abdollahi, Javad Balasi, Farzan Moodi, Nima Hemmati, Ali Kabir

“…Hydroxychloroquine may reduce mortality in some specific groups; however, its association may be confounded by some latent variables and unknown interactions. Administration of corticosteroids should be based on the conditions of each case.…”
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Management Control System and Financial Performance of Micro Finance Institutions in Central Region Uganda by Arthur, Sunday, Caleb, Tamwesigire, Caroline Masiko, Murezi, George Stanley, Kinyata, Godfrey, Barigye, Keneth, Nuwagira, Moses, Agaba

“…The study confirmed efficient control system factor structure of observed variables and the latent variables. As a result, the study provided models for efficient Management control systems. …”
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Designing the behavioral model of managers in the digital age with the foundation's data approach by Farahangiz Abdollahzadeh Namini, Rouhollah Samiei, Alireza Mazidi

“…In this study, 119 leaders in the technology sector were investigated. Seven latent variables that give meaning to a new style have been identified through factor analysis. …”
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