Study of Thermal Energy Production by Combustion of Lard and Diesel Mixtures by J. F. San José Alonso, S. Alonso Miñambres, I. Gobernado Arribas

“…This work presents the experimental results of lard combustion with diesel for heating. The work is divided into two parts, the first of which deals with the identification of lard as fuels and characterization of diesel, as well as determining the chemical and thermodynamic properties of mixtures of both components. …”
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Detection of Lard in Ink Extracted from Printed Food Packaging Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis by Syazwani Ramli, Rosnita A. Talib, Russly A. Rahman, Norhazlin Zainuddin, Siti Hajar Othman, Norma M. Rashid

“…Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was utilised to discriminate the presence of lard in extracted ink of printed food packaging. …”
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Diets Rich in Olive Oil, Palm Oil, or Lard Alter Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Membrane Composition in Rat Liver by Youzan Ferdiand Djohan, Massara Camara-Cissé, Gilles Fouret, Béatrice Bonafos, Bernard Jover, Jean-Paul Cristol, Charles Coudray, Christine Feillet-Coudray, Eric Badia

“…Palm oil (crude or refined) and lard are rich in SFA, while olive oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. …”
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The Synthesis Followed by Spectral and Calorimetric Evaluation of Stability of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Obtained from Thistle Milk and Lard by Joanna Bryś, lnês Filipa Vaz Flores, Agata Górska, Ewa Ostrowska–Ligęza, Andrzej Bryś, Tomasz Niemiec, Piotr Koczoń

“…The enzymatic interesterification conducted at 70°C for 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively, with milk thistle oil and lard blend as starting reactants was catalyzed by 1,3-specific lipase Lipozyme RM IM, obtained from Rhizomucor miehei. …”
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Prediction of Lard in Palm Olein Oil Using Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) Based on Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) by Siong Fong Sim, Min Xuan Laura Chai, Amelia Laccy Jeffrey Kimura

“…In this paper, we apply simple linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and PLSR for prediction of lard in palm olein oil. Pure palm olein oil was adulterated with lard at different concentrations and subjected to analysis with FTIR. …”
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Effect of structured lipids as dietary supplements on the fatty acid profile, carcass yield, blood chemistry, and abdominal fat deposition of female broilers by Hongzeng Ai, Yee-Ying Lee, Yuxia Lu, Chin Ping Tan, Oi Ming Lai, Aijun Li, Yufei Zhang, Yong Wang, Zhen Zhang

“…An experiment was conducted to evalute the effects of adding palm olein (POL), modified palm olein (high degree of acyl migration palm olein, H-AMD), and lard (total fatty acid saturation degree is similar to palm olein) to the diet of broilers. …”
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Partial Replacement with Menhaden Oil Improves Peripheral Neuropathy in High-Fat-Fed Low-Dose Streptozotocin Type 2 Diabetic Rat by Lawrence J. Coppey, Amey Holmes, Eric P. Davidson, Mark A. Yorek

“…High-fat/low-dose streptozotocin diabetic rats were used to examine the influence of replacing 50% of the source of the high-fat diet (lard) with menhaden oil, a natural source of n-3 fatty acids, on diabetic neuropathy. …”
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Spray Drying of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. Flavonoids Extract: Optimization and Physicochemical, Morphological, and Antioxidant Properties by Pingping Wu, Qian Deng, Guangzhi Ma, Nianghui Li, Yanyan Yin, Baojun Zhu, Meiling Chen, Ruqiang Huang

“…Moreover, FEMs effectively retarded the oxidation of fresh lard during the 10-day storage period compared with vitamin C, nonencapsulated flavonoids extract, and rutin. …”
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Influence of leptin administration to pregnant female mice on obesity development, taste preferences, and gene expression in the liver and muscles of their male and female offsprin... by E. I. Denisova, M. M. Savinkova, E. N. Makarova

“…In male and female offspring, growth rate and intake of standard chow after weaning, obesity development, gene expression in the liver and muscles, and food choice when kept on a high-calorie diet (standard chow, lard, sweet cookies) were recorded. Leptin administration to pregnant females reduced body weight in the female offspring fed on the standard diet. …”
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Influence of leptin administration to pregnant mice on fetal gene expression and adaptation to sweet and fatty food in adult offspring of different sexes by E. I. Denisova, E. N. Makarova

“…Metabolic parameters and gene expression in the liver, brown fat and hypothalamus were assessed in adult male and female offspring that had consumed sweet and fatty diet (SFD: chow, lard, sweet biscuits) for 2 weeks. Females had lower blood levels of leptin, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol than males. …”
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Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of the Leaves Extract of Ficus vallis-choudae Delile in a Model of Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin by Kilenma Kolefer, David Miaffo, Roger Ponka

“…Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats for 4 weeks with HFD lard followed by injection of a low dose of STZ (35 mg/kg). …”
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Impact of sex on the adaptation of adult mice to long consumption of sweet-fat diet by N. M. Bazhan, T. V. Iakovleva, A. D. Dubinina, E. N. Makarova

“…For 10 weeks, male and female С57Bl mice were fed a standard laboratory chow (Control group) or a diet, which consisted of laboratory chow supplemented with sweet cookies, sunflower seeds and lard (SFD group). Weights of body, liver and fat depots, blood concentrations of hormones and metabolites, liver fat, and mRNA levels of genes involved in regulation of energy metabolism in the liver, perigonadal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (pgWAT, scWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were measured. …”
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Effects of a Diet Enriched with Polyunsaturated, Saturated, or Trans Fatty Acids on Cytokine Content in the Liver, White Adipose Tissue, and Skeletal Muscle of Adult Mice by Bruno dos Santos, Debora Estadella, Ana Cláudia Losinskas Hachul, Marcos Hiromu Okuda, Mayara Franzoi Moreno, Lila Missae Oyama, Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro, Claudia Maria da Penha Oller do Nascimento

“…Swiss male mice were distributed into four groups treated for 8 weeks with control (C, normolipidic diet); soybean oil (S); lard (L); and hydrogenated vegetable fat (H). We observed an increase in carcass fat in groups S and L, and the total amount of fatty deposits was only higher in group L compared with C group. …”
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Effect of <i>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</i> (Family Euphorbiaceae) Aqueous Leaf Extract on Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Haematological Parameters of High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin... by EA Obichi, CC Monago, DC Belonwu

“…Diabetes was induced by feeding the rats with HFD that consisted of 20% sucrose and 20% lard for 4 weeks, followed by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40mg/kg body weight (BW)). …”
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Effect of <i>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</i> (Family Euphorbiaceae) Aqueous Leaf Extract on Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Haematological Parameters of High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin... by EA Obichi, CC Monago, DC Belonwu

“…Diabetes was induced by feeding the rats with HFD that consisted of 20% sucrose and 20% lard for 4 weeks, followed by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40mg/kg body weight (BW)). …”
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Acute Coronary Syndrome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Maturation Accompanying Megakaryocytic Differentiation by Kentaro Odani, Junya Abe, Yoshiaki Tsuyuki, Soshi Yanagita, Kazuya Shiogama, Mitsuhiro Tachibana, Yutaka Tsutsumi

“…In the cardiovascular lumen, lard-like blood clots were formed and microscopically consisted of leukemic blasts and platelets (leukemic thrombi). …”
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Choice white grease used for manufacturing a protein-encapsulated fat blend source for neonatal calves by David P. Casper, Mark F. Scott

“…The study objective was to evaluate CWG PEF as an alternative to a standard animal lard–tallow (ALT) PEF blend to mix a MR to be fed to Holstein calves. …”
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Studying sex differences in responses to fibroblast growth factor 21 administration in obese mice consuming a sweet-fat diet by N. М. Bazhan, T. V. Jakovleva, A. Yu. Kazantseva, N. E. Kostina, P. E. Orlov, N. Yu. Balybina, K. О. Baranov, E. N. Makarova

“…Mice were fed with a diet consisting of standard chow, lard and cookies for 10 weeks, then they were injected with FGF21 (1 mg per 1 kg) or vehicle for 7 days. …”
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Metabolomics and gene expression levels reveal the positive effects of teaseed oil on lifespan and aging process in Caenorhabditis elegans by Yanan Wang, Jiachen Shi, Kun Liu, Yu Wang, Yongjiang Xu, Yuanfa Liu

“…Compared to the control group, the intake of lard oil (LO) and TO increased the expression levels of genes related to inhibition of protein aggregation (akt-1, daf-16, hsf-1, hsp-16.2) and lipid metabolism (daf-7, daf-1, mdt-15, lipl-4, fat-5, fat-6, fat-7), with a more significant alteration in TO group. …”
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Estradiol-dependent and independent effects of FGF21 in obese female mice by T. V. Jakovleva, A. Yu. Kazantseva, A. D. Dubinina, N. Yu. Balybina, K. O. Baranov, E. N. Makarova, N. M. Bazhan

“…In ovariectomized (OVX) females, the development of obesity was induced by the consumption of a high sweet-fat diet (standard chow, lard, and cookies) for 8 weeks. We investigated the effects of FGF21 on body weight, blood levels, food preferences and gene expression in tissues when FGF21 was administered separately or in combination with E2 for 13 days. …”
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