Editorial by Teddy Surya Gunawan

“…The diversity of topics and the depth of innovation presented in this issue underline the IIUM Engineering Journal's dedication to advancing knowledge and fostering impactful solutions to global challenges. …”
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Treatment of chronic hepatitis B: options, monitoring, special cases and adverse effects by Mateusz Litwin Litwin, Agnieszka Mikosińska, Jakub Parys, Patrycja Kałuziak, Aleksandra Witek, Martyna Kaźmierczak, Stanisław Jesionek, Marta Jajczak, Maciej Mossakowski

“…Aim of the study: The aim of this paper is primarily to systematize knowledge regarding the natural course of HBV infection and therapeutic options for chronic hepatitis B, both in adults and children. …”
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Strategies for Customer Relationship Management Focused on Loyalty by J. Vasco, C. Guerra, F. Favicela, X. Granizo

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Model Sistem Berbasis Pengetahuan untuk Rekomendasi Aktivitas Pensiun by Dono Catur Prasetyo, Sri Kusumadewi, Isnatin Miladiyah

“…The representation of system knowledge uses production principles, the inference process uses forward chaining and the process of calculating the certainty value uses the certainty factor method. …”
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Upper circumpolar deep water influences microbial functional gene composition and diversity along the southern Central Indian Ridge and eastern Southwest Indian Ridge by Sheryl Oliveira Fernandes, Dhiraj Paul, Surya Prakash Lankalapalli, Srinivas Rao Arvapalli, Vidya PJ, John Kurian Palayil

“…Findings of this study are expanding the existing knowledge on new sites of hydrothermal activity along CIR and SWIR and gaining insights into ecosystem functioning in the deep sea.…”
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Otodectes cynotis (Acari: Psoroptidae) infestations in Southern pudus (Pudu puda): In situ and ex situ data of an unexpected host-parasite record by Caroline Wilhelm, Edwin Kniha, Pamela Muñoz, Ángelo Espinoza, Laura Platner, Saskia Dreyer, Lisa Grund, Zoë Tess Lara Lindhorst, Ulrich Gärtner, Julia Walochnik, Anja Taubert, Dominik Fischer, Stephan Hering-Hagenbeck, Carlos Hermosilla, David Ebmer

“…In some cases, mites were found as a secondary finding when clinical examination under general anesthesia was performed for other reasons. To the best of our knowledge, this signifies the first report of O. cynotis infestations in pudus by combining morphological and molecular identification. …”
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Predictive role of modifiable factors in stroke: an umbrella review by Yue Wang, Lu Wen, Xiaotong Wang, Man Liang, Fanxin Zeng, Yuetian Yang, Fangfang Nie, Mengke Shang, Na Ta, Lanxin Ou, Zhibin Yang, Wanyang Liu

“…Thus, this umbrella review was conducted to consolidate evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies investigating the association between modifiable factors and incidence of stroke.Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies from inception until March 2021. …”
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Pouvoir politique et pouvoir religieux. L’exploitation de la Sanusiyya au sein de la Libye indépendante (1951-1958) by Carlotta Marchi

“…Whereas in the past the success of the Sanusiyya had depended on a precise autonomy toward the imperial structure of the Ottoman and colonial empires, so that the figure of the šayḫ was functional for the preservation of the Sufi Way and the transmission of Islamic knowledge, the political legitimisation of his function, as emir and king, led to a redefinition of the whole structure of the ṭarīqa. …”
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Barriers and facilitators to maternal healthcare in East Africa: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of perspectives from women, their families, healthcare providers, and... by Manaye Yihune Teshale, Agegnehu Bante, Abebe Gedefaw Belete, Rik Crutzen, Mark Spigt, Sarah E. Stutterheim

“…This review identified barriers at various levels: individual barriers included a lack of awareness and knowledge, fear of being treated poorly, and financial constraints; interpersonal barriers comprised limited family support, communication challenges, and a lack of decision-making autonomy; health facility barriers included poor quality of healthcare, poor infrastructure, limited medical supplies, provider shortages, abusive behaviors from healthcare providers, lack of transportation, and high service costs; community-level barriers involved socio-cultural norms, societal stigma, and gender-based disparities; and policy-level barriers included poor focus on maternal health, a lack of male accompaniment policies, and conflicts. …”
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Species-specific mercury speciation in billfishes and its implications for food safety monitoring and dietary advice by Anaïs Médieu, David Point, Valérie Allain, Nathalie Bodin, Mélanie Lemire, Pierre Ayotte, Zahirah Dhurmeea, Matthieu Waeles, Laure Laffont, Antoine Le Gohalen, François Roupsard, Anne Lorrain

“…We quantified total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in muscle of four billfish species from the Indian and the Pacific oceans to address this knowledge gap. We found low percentages of methylmercury in blue and black marlins (15 ± 7 %) compared to swordfish and striped marlin (89 ± 13 %), with no significant differences among ocean regions. …”
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Benzodiazepine agonist treatment for patients with benzodiazepine dependence undergoing opioid agonist treatment: a study protocol for the randomized controlled trial BMX-BAR by Fatemeh Chalabianloo, Lars Thore Fadnes, Jörg Assmus, Jon Mordal, Kristin K. Solli, Kjetil S. Dale, Christina D. Andersen, Silvia Zavenova, Beathe H. Rønning, Andreas W. Blomkvist, Martin Ryssdal, Wasifa S. J. Butt, Anne Marciuch, Anne G. Ørmen, Christian Ohldieck, Else-Marie Løberg, Kjell Arne Johansson, for the BMX-BAR and NORCATS study group

“…Abstract Background There is a lack of knowledge on effective treatment methods for comorbid benzodiazepine dependence in populations undergoing opioid agonist treatment (OAT). …”
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Effects of temporal, spatial, and environmental factors on ciliates community in northeastern South China Sea, with notes on co-occurrence patterns of environment, phytoplankton, a... by Weiwei Liu, Zijun Cheng, Shaowei Wen, Gang Li, Zhixin Ke, Daning Li, Yehui Tan

“…There is still large knowledge gap on their structuring mechanisms from continental shelf to deep basin. …”
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Identifikasi Tanaman Obat Indonesia Melalui Citra Daun Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) by Budi Setiyono, Muhammad Riv’an Arif, Qonita Qurratu Aini, Theophil Henry Soegianto, Jasti Ohanna, Ricky Andrean Fernanda Gunawan, Ayu Putri Rizkia

“…At this time, human knowledge in recognizing the types of medicinal plants is decreasing due to humans' limited memory. …”
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Research on construction of public health system in China – a CiteSpace-based visualization analysis of studies published since the COVID-19 epidemic by Yuntong ZHAO, Ziyi PENG, Shuai DU, Wuqi QIU, Pei DONG, Ayan MAO

“…MethodsUsing "public health," "public health system," "public health field," "system construction," and "planning" as keywords, we searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database for literature relevant to public health system construction in China published from January 2020 to April 2024. …”
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Maintaining Fat-Free Mass and Muscle Mass during obesity therapy with Incretin-Mimetic Drugs by Dariusz Popiela, Karina Urbańska, Łukasz Stojak, Mateusz Grego, Filip Kwiatkowski, Mateusz Baczewski, Katarzyna Grego, Witold Czyż

“…Available scientific knowledge provides limited information regarding preventing FFM and MM loss associated with IMDs treatment. …”
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Omics-Based Comparison of Fungal Virulence Genes, Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, and Small Molecules in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> by Holly P. Bartholomew, Christopher Gottschalk, Bret Cooper, Michael R. Bukowski, Ronghui Yang, Verneta L. Gaskins, Dianiris Luciano-Rosario, Jorge M. Fonseca, Wayne M. Jurick

“…Our findings provide a solid omics-based foundation of small molecule production in these two fungal species with implications in postharvest context and expand the current knowledge of the <i>Penicillium</i>-derived chemical repertoire for broader fundamental and practical applications.…”
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An IS element-driven antisense RNA attenuates the expression of serotype 2 fimbriae and the cytotoxicity of Bordetella pertussis by Alexandre D’Halluin, Denisa Petráčková, Ivana Čurnová, Jakub Držmíšek, Jan Čapek, Peggy Bouquet, Loïc Henin, Rudy Antoine, Loïc Coutte, Camille Locht, Branislav Večerek, David Hot

“…Given the immunogenicity of Fim2, we further hypothesize that Rfi2-mediated modulation of Fim2 production contributes to immune evasion. To our knowledge, Rfi2 represents the first functionally characterized IS element-driven antisense RNA that modulates the expression of a virulence gene.…”
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From Clinical Trial Evidence to Clinical Guidelines: Perspectives on REWIND from Clinicians in the Gulf and Levant Region by Talal Ashour, Sami Azar, Akram Echtay, Muhammad Farooqi, Tarek Fiad, Mohamed Hassanein, Ahmed Hassoun, Abdul Jabbar, Amin Jayyousi, Kari Ranta, Hani Sabbour, Fatih Tangi, Ibrahim Turfanda

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Enhancing R&D&i through standardization and certification: the case of the Spanish construction industry Mejorando la I+D+i mediante la normalización y la certificación: el caso de... by Eugenio Pellicer, Víctor Yepes, Christian Correa, Germán Martínez

“…The link between standardization and innovation remains a significant knowledge gap in the construction management field. …”
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Mathematical modeling in autoimmune diseases: from theory to clinical application by Yaroslav Ugolkov, Yaroslav Ugolkov, Yaroslav Ugolkov, Antonina Nikitich, Antonina Nikitich, Cristina Leon, Gabriel Helmlinger, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Victor Sokolov, Victor Sokolov, Alina Volkova, Alina Volkova

“…The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic review and analysis of mathematical models of autoimmune diseases focused on the mechanistic description of the immune system, to consolidate existing quantitative knowledge on autoimmune processes, and to outline potential directions of interest for future model-based analyses. …”
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