The Evaluation of Endotracheal Intubation Effect on Blood Flow Stability Parameters in Baghdad and Gazzi AL-Harriri Hospitals by Azhar A. Mhaibes

“…Dexamethasone (0.11 mg/kg), Metoclopramide (0.14mg/kg), Ranitidine (0.71mg/kg) & Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) as premedication. At the induction of anesthesia, patients were administrated (2-3 mg/kg) Propofol as a hypnotic drug and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg as a muscle relaxant. …”
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Investigation of the effects of Afyonkarahisar Region hot springs water on blood calcium and some hormon levels in experimentally-created osteoporosis in rats by Bülent Elitok, Tolgahan Saygin, Yavuz Ulusoy, Bahadir Kilinç

“…Ovaries were removed from all animals under anesthesia with ketamine (200 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg), after which they were divided into two groups: control (10 animals) and experimental (15 animals). …”
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Establishing the first ever pediatric procedural sedation clinic in a low-income country: Assessment of the safety and efficacy by Tigist Bacha, Segni Kejela, Scott A. Hagen

“…The most common procedural sedation used was the combination of ketamine and propofol in 60.6%. The mean pain score during the procedure was 0.28/10, which was significantly lower than the pre-procedural pain score (p-value < 0.001). …”
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Efficacy of an Intrathecal Multidrug Infusion for Pain Control in Older Adults and in End-Stage Malignancies: A Report of Three Cases by Sadegh Abdolmohammadi, Pierre-Olivier Hétu, Andrée Néron, Gilbert Blaise

“…It was connected to an external infusion pump with a mixture of bupivacaine 1 mg/mL, naloxone 0.02 ng/mL, ketamine 100 μg/mL, morphine 0.01 mg/mL and clonidine 0.75 μg/mL. …”
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Comparative Effects of Verapamil, Nicardipine, and Nitroglycerin on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Hitoshi Yui, Uno Imaizumi, Hisashi Beppu, Mitsuhiro Ito, Munetaka Furuya, Hirofumi Arisaka, Kazu-Ichi Yoshida

“…Rabbits received regional ischemia by 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. The animals were randomly assigned to the following 4 treatment groups: a control group, a verapamil group, a nicardipine group, and a nitroglycerin group. …”
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Model of Liver Fibrosis Induction by Thioacetamide in Rats for Regenerative Therapy Studies by Nathaly Enciso, José Amiel, Fredy Fabián-Domínguez, Jhon Pando, Nancy Rojas, Carlos Cisneros-Huamaní, Ernesto Nava, Javier Enciso

“…Groups G-I and G-II were sacrificed 7 days after the last dose of ASC, and G-III was sacrificed 8 weeks after the last ASC infusion, all with xylazine/ketamine (40 mg/kg). The protocol used in this work established a model of advanced hepatic fibrosis as corroborated by METAVIR tests of the histological lesions; by the high levels of the markers α-SMA, CD68, and collagen type I; by functional alterations due to elevated markers of the hepatic lesions; and by alterations of the leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets. …”
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Dimethyl fumarate effects on paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities by Maryam Kavianinia, Hadi Kalantar, Maryam Salehcheh, Layasadat Khorsandi, Saeedeh Shariati, Shokooh Mohtadi, Mohammad Javad Khodayar

“…On the 8th day, mice were euthanized with ketamine/xylazine, and serum factors, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis index, and inflammatory markers were measured. …”
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Effect of a multimodal analgesia strategy on remifentanil daily consumption in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients: study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, doub... by Thibault Mura, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Remy Widehem, Camille Nicolet, Violaine Delannoy, Laurie Barthelemi, Ian Soulairol, Claire Roger

“…In the interventional group, patients will receive a standardised multimodal analgesia, initially receiving nefopam and tramadol, implementing with ketamine if patients remain painful, and then implementing with remifentanil with escalating doses in case of insufficient analgesia. …”
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Comparison between Rocuronium and Atracurium Effect on Blood Pressure during General Anaesthesia in Baghdad Hospital by Adel Amen Hama, Noor Faris Hoobi, Sara Emad Majeed

“…Anesthesia was induced with using I.V. propofol drug (1.5-2.5 mg/kg), ketamine drug (0.5 mg/kg) or (2-3 mg/kg) propofol drug.  …”
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The effect of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in adults undergoing cataract surgery: a systematic review by Elaheh Foroughi, Etrusca Brogi, Francesco Forfori, Seyyed Taghi Hashemi

“…General anesthesia may cause POCD approximately twofold than local anesthesia. Ketamine, Midazolam, or Dexmedetomidine seemed to reduce postoperative cognitive complications compared to the control group‌‌. …”
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Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model by C. Probst, M. J. Mirzayan, P. Mommsen, C. Zeckey, T. Tegeder, L. Geerken, M. Maegele, A. Samii, M. van Griensven

“…Methods. 45 male C57BL/6J mice (mean weight 27 g) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine. Animals were subjected to a weight drop closed traumatic brain injury (WD-TBI), a femoral fracture and hemorrhagic shock (FX-SH). …”
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Interventional factors influencing natural killer cell immunity in colorectal cancer: a systematic review by Wai Sinn Soh, Grace L. Burns, Tharindu Senanayake, Raquel Cameron, Kerith Duncanson, Guy D. Eslick, Sharmila S. Prasad, Stephen R. Smith, Simon Keely

“…Our findings demonstrate that certain perioperative interventions (such as ketamine and morphine) can negatively impact NK cell cytotoxicity.…”
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Rutin via Increase in the CA3 Diameter of the Hippocampus Exerted Antidepressant-Like Effect in Mouse Model of Maternal Separation Stress: Possible Involvement of NMDA Receptors by Maryam Anjomshoa, Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni, Sorayya Ghasemi, Zahra Lorigooini, Ahmad Amiri, Shima Balali-dehkordi, Hossein Amini-khoei

“…The control and MS mice were divided separately into 16 groups (n=8) (8 groups for each set) including mice that received normal saline, mice that received rutin at doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg, mice that received NMDA at a dose of 150 mg/kg, mice that received ketamine (NMDA antagonist) at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg, mice that received NMDA antagonist plus a subeffective dose of rutin, and mice that received NMDA plus an effective dose of rutin. …”
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A randomized controlled interventional study for analgesic effects of intrathecal versus intravenous dexmedetomidine on subarachnoid anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine by Manu Dadhwal, Anupama Gupta, Ajay Kurian

“…Background: Various pharmacologic agents such as opioids, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and alpha2 adrenergic agonists are commonly used to increase the duration of subarachnoid block. …”
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Opioid-free versus opioid-based anesthesia in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a single-center, randomized, controlled trial by Hanane Barakat, Linda Gholmieh, Jessy Abou Nader, Vanda Yazbeck Karam, Obey Albaini, Mohamad El Helou, Rony Al Nawwar

“…All patients received intra-operative propofol, sevoflurane, a neuromuscular blocking agent, and ketamine. The primary outcome included opioid consumption during the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). …”
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Multimodal low-opioid anesthesia as a factor in reducing the activation of the proinflammatory response in cardiac surgery by S.R. Maruniak, O.A. Loskutov, O.M. Druzhyna, I.R. Malysh, V.G. Kolesnikov, N.O. Korotchuk

“…The use of a combination of ketamine, lidocaine and dexmedetomidine for multimodal low opioid anesthesia is characterized by relative safety, a sufficient level of analgesia and a low level of inflammatory response.…”
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The use of strong analgesics for prehospital pain management in children in the region of Southern Denmark: a register-based study by Josefine Tvede Colding-Jørgensen, Gina Maj Graven Brandstrup, Vibe Maria Laden Nielsen, Josefine Gradman, Line Anker Bang Thybo, Peter Martin Hansen, Daniel Wittrock, Stig Nikolaj Fasmer Blomberg, Helle Collatz Christensen, Søren Mikkelsen

“…In one in seventeen of all prehospital contacts with children, fentanyl, alfentanil, morphine and/or s-ketamine was administered. Three-quarters of the doses of strong analgesics were administered to patients older than 10 years. …”
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Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in patients undergoing nasal surgeries for prevention of emergence agitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis by Gustavo R.M. Wegner, Bruno F.M. Wegner, Henrik G. Oliveira, Luis A. Costa, Luigi W. Spagnol, Valentine W. Spagnol, Gilberto T.F. de Oliveira Filho

“…The best ranked treatments identified were intraoperative dexmedetomidine (1 μg.kg-1 for 10 minutes as a bolus, followed by 0.4 μg.kg-1.h-1), bilateral nasociliary and maxillary nerve block, ketamine (0.5 mg.kg-1 administered 20 minutes before the end of surgery), nasal compression for 40 minutes before anesthesia induction, and suction above the cuff of the endotracheal tube. …”
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Prophylactic Ozone Administration Reduces Intestinal Mucosa Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Rat by Ozkan Onal, Fahri Yetisir, A. Ebru Salman Sarer, N. Dilara Zeybek, C. Oztug Onal, Banu Yurekli, H. Tugrul Celik, Ayse Sirma, Mehmet Kılıc

“…Rats were anesthetized with ketamine∖xyzlazine and their intracardiac blood was drawn completely and they were sacrificed. …”
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Prolonged Helium Postconditioning Protocols during Early Reperfusion Do Not Induce Cardioprotection in the Rat Heart In Vivo: Role of Inflammatory Cytokines by Gezina Tanya Mei Ling Oei, Hamid Aslami, Raphaela Priscilla Kerindongo, Renske Johanna Steenstra, Charlotte Jacqueline Peter Beurskens, Anita Maria Tuip-de Boer, Nicole Petra Juffermans, Markus Werner Hollmann, Benedikt Preckel, Nina Claudia Weber

“…Rats were anesthetized with S-ketamine (150 mg/kg) and diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). Regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was induced; additional groups inhaled 15, 30, or 60 min of 70% helium during reperfusion. …”
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