Physics‐Based Approach to Thermospheric Density Estimation Using CubeSat GPS Data by Shaylah M. Mutschler, Penina Axelrad, Eric K. Sutton, Dallas Masters

“…The data assimilation approach presented here estimates drivers of the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM) every 1.5 hr using CubeSat GPS information. …”
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Improving Neutral Density Predictions Using Exospheric Temperatures Calculated on a Geodesic, Polyhedral Grid by D. R. Weimer, P. M. Mehta, W. K. Tobiska, E. Doornbos, M. G. Mlynczak, D. P. Drob, J. T. Emmert

“…Several versions of the model equations have been tested, using parameters such as the date, time, solar radiation, and nitric oxide emissions, as measured with the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. …”
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A Quantitative Comparison of High Latitude Electric Field Models During a Large Geomagnetic Storm by L. Orr, A. Grocott, M.‐T. Walach, G. Chisham, M. P. Freeman, M. M. Lam, R. M. Shore

“…Abstract Models of the high‐latitude ionospheric electric field (EF) are commonly used to specify the magnetospheric forcing in thermosphere or whole atmosphere models. …”
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Modeling of Ultraviolet Aurora Intensity Associated With Interplanetary and Geomagnetic Parameters Based on Neural Networks by Ze‐Jun Hu, Bing Han, Yisheng Zhang, Huifang Lian, Ping Wang, Guojun Li, Bin Li, Xiang‐Cai Chen, Jian‐Jun Liu

“…Abstract The spatial distribution of aurora intensity is an important manifestation of solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere energy coupling process, and it oscillates with the change of space environment parameters and geomagnetic index. …”
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Long-term changes in the dependence of <i>Nm</i>F2 on solar flux at Juliusruh by M. G. Tan Jun Rios, M. G. Tan Jun Rios, C. Borries, H. Liu, J. Mielich

“…<p>Understanding ionospheric dependence on solar activity is crucial for comprehension of the upper atmosphere. …”
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An Adaptive X‐Ray Dynamic Image Estimation Method Based on OMNI Solar Wind Parameters and SXI Simulated Observations by R. C. Wang, Anders M. Jorgensen, Dalin Li, Tianran Sun, Zhen Yang, Xiaodong Peng

“…Upcoming missions like the Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) and the Lunar Environment heliosphere X‐ray Imager (LEXI) aim to make comprehensive global imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using soft X‐ray imager (SXI) in order to understand its dynamic response to solar wind impact. …”
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Distinct MLT asymmetry of auroral kilometric radiation observed by the FAST satellite by JiaWen Tang, Sai Zhang, FuLiang Xiao, HongMing Yang, Si Liu, YiHua He, Chang Yang, YuYue Jin, ZhouKun Deng, Ping Li, Archie James Johnston

“…Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is a common radio emission, which can contribute to the magnetosphere−ionosphere−atmosphere coupling. Similar emissions have been observed in all magnetic planet magnetospheres of the solar system. …”
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Multi‐Scale Geomagnetic Forcing Derived From High‐Resolution Observations and Their Impacts on the Upper Atmosphere by Cheng Sheng, Yue Deng, William A. Bristow, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Roderick A. Heelis, Christine Gabrielse

“…For the first time in this study, a global ionosphere‐thermosphere model (GITM) is driven by such high‐resolution patterns to simulate the I‐T response to the multi‐scale geomagnetic forcing during a real event. …”
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3D tomographic analysis of equatorial plasma bubble using GNSS-TEC data from Indonesian GNSS Network by Ihsan Naufal Muafiry, Prayitno Abadi, Teguh N. Pratama, Dyah R. Martiningrum, Sri Ekawati, Yuandhika G. Wismaya, Febrylian F. Chabibi, Gatot H. Pramono

“…Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) are ionospheric irregularities that take place near the magnetic equator. …”
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A 3D Empirical Model of Electron Density Based on CSES Radio Occultation Measurements by He Huang, Jian Lin, Song Xu, Huijun Le, Feng Guo, Zhima Zeren, Libo Liu, Xuhui Shen

“…About 280 thousand ionospheric radio occultation (RO) electron density profiles (EDP) have been accumulated till the end of 2020. …”
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Simulation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in a Low‐Latitude 500 kV Power Network During a Solar Superstorm by J. J. Zhang, Y. Q. Yu, W. Q. Chen, C. Wang, Y. D. Liu, C. M. Liu, L. G. Liu

“…Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are one of the main manifestations through which space weather affects human technical facilities, and GICs constitute the final link in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐ground interaction chain. Therefore, understanding the responses of power grids to solar superstorms is crucial for space weather research and emergency preparedness purposes. …”
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Impact of Thermospheric Mass Density on the Orbit Prediction of LEO Satellites by Changyong He, Yang Yang, Brett Carter, Kefei Zhang, Andong Hu, Wang Li, Florent Deleflie, Robert Norman, Suqin Wu

“…Also considered are two small‐scale variations, that is, the equatorial mass anomaly and the midnight density maximum, which are reproduced by the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. …”
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The low-latitude sodium layer: comparative data from lidar observations at Hainan, China and São Paulo, Brazil by Fang Wu, Jing Jiao, GuoTao Yang, LiFang Du, ZhengKuan Liu, HaoRan Zheng, JiXin Guo, ShaoHua Gong, YaJun Zhu

“…Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere. Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere. …”
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Meteorological Anomalies During Earthquake Preparation: A Case Study for the 1995 Kobe Earthquake (M = 7.3) Based on Statistical and Machine Learning-Based Analyses by Masashi Hayakawa, Shinji Hirooka, Koichiro Michimoto, Stelios M. Potirakis, Yasuhide Hobara

“…Finally, we suggest a joint examination of our two meteorological quantities for their potential use in real short-term EQ prediction, as well as in the future lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) studies as the information from the bottom part of LAIC.…”
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Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection by Terry Z. Liu, Xueling Shi, Michael D. Hartinger, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Craig J. Rodger, Ari Viljanen, Yi Qi, Chen Shi, Hannah Parry, Ian Mann, Darcy Cordell, Hadi Madanian, Daniel H. Mac Manus, Michael Dalzell, Ryan Cui, Ryan MacMullin, Greg Young‐Morris, Christian Noel, Jeffrey Streifling

“…Abstract A variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). …”
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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation climatologies mapped by machine learning and Bayesian interpolation by E. Shehaj, E. Shehaj, S. Leroy, K. Cahoy, A. Geiger, L. Crocetti, G. Moeller, G. Moeller, B. Soja, M. Rothacher

“…We develop a feed-forward neural network applied to Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) RO observations and evaluate the performance of BI and ML by analysis of residuals when applied to test data. …”
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The Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in 2024 May: A Flash Data Report by Hisashi Hayakawa, Yusuke Ebihara, Alexander Mishev, Sergey Koldobskiy, Kanya Kusano, Sabrina Bechet, Seiji Yashiro, Kazumasa Iwai, Atsuki Shinbori, Kalevi Mursula, Fusa Miyake, Daikou Shiota, Marcos V. D. Silveira, Robert Stuart, Denny M. Oliveira, Sachiko Akiyama, Kouji Ohnishi, Vincent Ledvina, Yoshizumi Miyoshi

“…We also confirmed global disturbances of the storm-enhanced density of the ionosphere.…”
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Constraining Solar Emission Radius at 42 MHz During the 2024 Total Solar Eclipse Using a Student-commissioned Radio Telescope by Olivia R. Young, Timothy E. Dolch, Joseph F. Helmboldt, Christopher Mentrek, Louis P. Dartez, Michael T. Lam, Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella, Evan Bretl, Colin Joyce, Johannes Loock, Grace Meyer, Annabel Peltzer, Joseph Petullo, Parker Reed, Emerson Sigtryggsson, Benjamin Bassett, Andrew B. Hawken, Alejandro Z. Heredia, Paige Lettow, Whit Lewis, Mikayla Manna, Nicholas Mirochnikoff, Michael Zemcov

“…The Deployable Low-Band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (DLITE) is a low-frequency radio array comprised of four dipole antennas, optimized to observe at 35–45 MHz, and capable of resolving the brightest radio sources in the sky. …”
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Predicting Interplanetary Shock Occurrence for Solar Cycle 25: Opportunities and Challenges in Space Weather Research by Denny M. Oliveira, Robert C. Allen, Livia R. Alves, Séan P. Blake, Brett A. Carter, Dibyendu Chakrabarty, Giulia D’Angelo, Kevin Delano, Ezequiel Echer, Cristian P. Ferradas, Matt G. Finley, Bea Gallardo‐Lacourt, Dan Gershman, Jesper W. Gjerloev, John Bosco Habarulema, Michael D. Hartinger, Rajkumar Hajra, Hisashi Hayakawa, Liisa Juusola, Karl M. Laundal, Robert J. Leamon, Michael Madelaire, Miguel Martínez‐Ledesma, Scott M. McIntosh, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Mark B. Moldwin, Emmanuel Nahayo, Dibyendu Nandy, Bhosale Nilam, Katariina Nykyri, William R. Paterson, Mirko Piersanti, Ermanno Pietropaolo, Craig J. Rodger, Trunali Shah, Andy W. Smith, Nandita Srivastava, Bruce T. Tsurutani, S. Tulasi Ram, Lisa A. Upton, Bhaskara Veenadhari, Sergio Vidal‐Luengo, Ari Viljanen, Sarah K. Vines, Vipin K. Yadav, Jeng‐Hwa Yee, James W. Weygand, Eftyhia Zesta

“…The next decade or so will bring unprecedented opportunities for research and forecasting effects in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and on the ground. As a result, we predict SC25 will offer excellent opportunities for shock occurrences and data availability for conducting space weather research and forecasting.…”
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Spread Sea Clutter Suppression in HF Hybrid Sky-Surface Wave Radars Based on General Parameterized Time-Frequency Analysis by Zhuo-qun Wang, Ya-jun Li, Jun-nan Shi, Peng-fei Wang, Ai-hua Liu, Xin-fan Xia, De-hong Chen

“…Simulation results show that such ionospheric decontamination method based on GPTF is helpful for the large-amplitude ionospheric contamination when the target masking effect happens even after ionospheric phase decontamination. …”
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