Substorm‐Time Ground dB/dt Variations Controlled by Interplanetary Shock Impact Angles: A Statistical Study by Denny M. Oliveira, James M. Weygand, John C. Coxon, Eftyhia Zesta

“…The spherical elementary current system methodology is applied to the geomagnetic field data, and field‐aligned‐like currents in the ionosphere are derived. Then, such currents are inverted back to the ground and dB/dt variations are computed. …”
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Machine Learning‐Based Emulator for the Physics‐Based Simulation of Auroral Current System by Ryuho Kataoka, Aoi Nakamizo, Shinya Nakano, Shigeru Fujita

“…The inputs are the solar wind time series with date and time, and the outputs are the time series of the ionospheric auroral current system in the form of two‐dimensional (2D) patterns of field‐aligned current, potential, and conductivity. …”
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Strong turbulent flow in the subauroral region in the Antarctic can deteriorate satellite-based navigation signals by D. S. Kotova, A. A. Sinevich, A. A. Chernyshov, D. V. Chugunin, Y. Jin, W. J. Miloch

“…Such high velocities and structured plasma can affect trans-ionospheric radio waves and lead to scintillations in the received signal. …”
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Accuracy of Global Geospace Simulations: Influence of Solar Wind Monitor Location and Solar Wind Driving by Q. Al Shidi, T. I. Pulkkinen, D. Welling, G. Toth

“…The SWMF is a highly coupled framework of space weather models that include multiple facets of the Geospace environment, such as the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The propagated solar wind measurements are used as a boundary condition for SWMF. …”
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Numerical Simulations of the Geospace Response to the Arrival of an Idealized Perfect Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection by Daniel T. Welling, Jeffrey J. Love, E. Joshua Rigler, Denny M. Oliveira, Colin M. Komar, Steven K. Morley

“…In this study, these estimates are used to drive a coupled magnetohydrodynamic‐ring current‐ionosphere model of geospace to obtain more physically accurate estimates of the geospace response to such an event. …”
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The JAGUAR-DAS whole neutral atmosphere reanalysis: JAWARA by Dai Koshin, Kaoru Sato, Shingo Watanabe, Kazuyuki Miyazaki

“…This reanalysis product is expected to contribute broadly to future research on the characteristics of observed mesospheric phenomena, thermosphere–ionosphere coupling, space weather, and improvement of middle atmospheric meteorological systems, including their interannual and decadal scale variability.…”
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Sensitivity of Ground Magnetometer Array Elements for GIC Applications I: Resolving Spatial Scales With the BEAR and CARISMA Arrays by Stavros Dimitrakoudis, David K. Milling, Andy Kale, Ian R. Mann

“…Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can be driven in terrestrial electrical power grids as a result of the induced electric fields arising from geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) resulting from the dynamics of the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐ground system. However, a key issue is to assess an optimum spacing for the magnetometer stations in order to provide appropriate monitoring of the GIC‐related GMD. …”
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Modeling the Dynamic Global Distribution of the Ring Current Oxygen Ions Using Artificial Neural Network Technique by Qiushuo Wang, Chao Yue, Jinxing Li, Jacob Bortnik, Donglai Ma, Chae‐Woo Jun

“…It accurately captures the dynamics of O+ ions during a geomagnetic storm with the oxygen ion fluxes enhancement and decay, and reveals distinct characteristics for different energy levels, such as injection from the plasma sheet, outflow from the ionosphere, and magnetic local time asymmetry.…”
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Seasonal and Solar Cycle Dependency of Relationship Between Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Rayleigh‐Taylor Instability Growth Rate by L. F. R. Vital, H. Takahashi, D. Barros, C. S. Carmo, A. J. Carrasco, C. M. Wrasse, C. A. O. B. Figueiredo

“…The γRT calculations were based on F‐layer vertical drift Vp measurements obtained from the São Luís ionosonde (2.33°S, 44.2°W, dip angle: −0.5°), the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI‐2016), Horizontal Wind Model (HWM‐14), and Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Model‐2,000 (NRLMSISE‐00). …”
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Statistical Temporal Variations in the Auroral Electrojet Estimated With Ground Magnetometers in Fennoscandia by Simon Walker, Karl Laundal, Jone Reistad, Anders Ohma, Spencer Hatch

“…By comparing averages of the data set with an empirical model of the ionosphere we demonstrate the validity of the data set. …”
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On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC by A. P. Dimmock, L. Rosenqvist, D. T. Welling, A. Viljanen, I. Honkonen, R. J. Boynton, E. Yordanova

“…This is due to the complex spatiotemporal behavior of electrical currents flowing in the ionosphere and/or large gradients in the ground conductivity due to highly structured local geological properties. …”
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Application of wetPf2 Data for Investigating Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity of Air Masses over Paracel and Spratly Islands by Khuong Le Pham, Anh Xuan Nguyen, Hiep Van Nguyen, Son Hai Hoang, Vinh Nhu Nguyen, Thang Van Vu

“…This article uses data from the second-generation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC-2) satellites (wetPf2) to study the temperature and humidity properties of the air masses over Paracel and Spratly Islands in the Vietnam East Sea (South China Sea). …”
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Thermospheric Conditions Associated With the Loss of 40 Starlink Satellites by Yongliang Zhang, Larry J. Paxton, Robert Schaefer, William H. Swartz

“…Abstract We analyzed far ultraviolet data from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)/Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) and found significant changes in the thermospheric density and composition during the 3–5 February 2022 storm when 40 Starlink satellites started to re‐enter the atmosphere associated with increased neutral drag at an altitude around 210 km. …”
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Thermospheric Neutral Density Data Assimilation System Based on the Whole Atmosphere Model During the November 2003 Storm by Ching‐Chung Cheng, Timothy Fuller‐Rowell, Eric K. Sutton, Tzu‐Wei Fang, Jann‐Yenq Liu, Daniel R. Weimer

“…The second were neutral density estimates from the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) limb‐scan airglow observations aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. …”
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Comparative Accuracies of Models for Drag Prediction During Geomagnetically Disturbed Periods: A First Principles Model Versus Empirical Models by R. L. Walterscheid, M. W. Chen, C.‐C. Chao, S. Gegenheimer, J. Cabrera‐Guzman, J. McVey

“…Abstract We examine the accuracy of density prediction by the first principles model Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and compare it to the accuracy of three empirical models: Jacchia 71, the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Extended 2000 (NRLMSIS), Jacchia 1971, and Jacchia‐Bowman 2008. …”
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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Atmospheric Chemical Potential Anomalies Associated with Major Seismic Events (Ms ≥ 7) in Western China: A Multi-Case Study by Qijun Jiao, Qinqin Liu, Changgui Lin, Feng Jing, Jiajun Li, Yuxiang Tian, Zhenxia Zhang, Xuhui Shen

“…The results offer a significant reference for remote sensing studies related to EQ monitoring and the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) model, thereby advancing our understanding of pre-seismic atmospheric variations in Western China.…”
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Optimizing Polar Air Traffic: Strategies for Mitigating the Effects of Space Weather‐Induced Communication Failures Poleward of 82°N by Dabin Xue, Zhizhao Liu, Donghe Zhang, Cheng‐Lung Wu, Jian Yang

“…However, space weather events can disrupt the ionosphere conditions and damage satellites, leading to High‐Frequency (HF) communication blackouts and satellite communication failures. …”
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Solar Flare X‐Ray Impacts on Long Subionospheric VLF Paths by Samuel R. G. Belcher, Mark A. Clilverd, Craig J. Rodger, Sophie Cook, Neil R. Thomson, James B. Brundell, Tero Raita

“…Abstract Solar flares increase the electron number concentration in the daytime ionosphere, potentially affecting radiowave propagation over several frequency ranges. …”
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Preliminary Results of Marine Electromagnetic Sounding with a Powerful, Remote Source in Kola Bay off the Barents Sea by Valery Grigoryev, Sergey Korotaev, Mikhail Kruglyakov, Darya Orekhova, Yury Scshors, Evgeniy Tereshchenko, Pavel Tereshchenko, Igor Trofimov

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Space Weather Environment During the SpaceX Starlink Satellite Loss in February 2022 by Tzu‐Wei Fang, Adam Kubaryk, David Goldstein, Zhuxiao Li, Tim Fuller‐Rowell, George Millward, Howard J. Singer, Robert Steenburgh, Solomon Westerman, Erik Babcock

“…Simulation results suggest that during the geomagnetic storm, pre‐launch Monte Carlo analyses performed by the Starlink team using empirical neutral density inputs from NRLMSISE‐00 tended to underestimate the impact relative to predictions from the operational coupled Whole Atmosphere Model and Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics physics‐based model. …”
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