Analysis of Multifrequency GNSS Signals and an Improved Single-Epoch RTK Method for Medium-Long Baseline by Jian Chen, Jiahui Wang, Kaikun Zhang, Wei Duan, Xingwang Zhao, Chao Liu

“…Third, the parametric strategies for ionospheric delay are carried out to upregulate the narrow-lane (NL) ambiguity-fixed rate of GPS. …”
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Multiresolution Data Assimilation for Auroral Energy Flux and Mean Energy Using DMSP SSUSI, THEMIS ASI, and An Empirical Model by Haonan Wu, Xiyan Tan, Qiong Zhang, Whitney Huang, Xian Lu, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Yongliang Zhang

“…We then run the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) driven by the high‐ and low‐resolution auroral assimilations and compare total electron contents (TECs). …”
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Estimation of the drift velocity of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles using GNSS and digisonde data by Navas-Portella Víctor, Altadill David, Blanch Estefania, Altadill Mar, Segarra Antoni, de Paula Víctor, Timoté Cristhian Camilo, Juan José Miguel

“…Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) play a crucial role in modulating plasma density and electron content within the equatorial ionosphere. In this work, we present an advanced and more robust version of the method developed by Blanch E et al. (2018, J Space Weather Space Clim., 8, 38–32) for detecting EPBs using data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). …”
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Empirical Models of foF2 and hmF2 Reconstituted by Global Ionosonde and Reanalysis Data and COSMIC Observations by Fuqing Huang, Haibing Ruan, Jiuhou Lei, Jiahao Zhong, Xinan Yue, Guozhu Li, Yiding Chen, Jianhui He, Na Li, Xiaoli Luan, Chao Xiong, Xiankang Dou

“…Abstract The F2‐peak plasma frequency (foF2) and the height of the F2 peak (hmF2) are two of the most important parameters for any ionospheric model, as well as radio propagation studies and applications. …”
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Occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles during Intense Magnetic Storms by Chao-Song Huang

“…An important issue in low-latitude ionospheric space weather is how magnetic storms affect the generation of equatorial plasma bubbles. …”
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Variations of Scale Height at F-Region Peak Based on Ionosonde Measurements during Solar Maximum over the Crest of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Region by Yu-Jung Chuo

“…Scale height is an important parameter in characterizing the shape of the ionosphere and its physical processes. In this study, we attempt to examine and discuss the variation of scale height, Hm, around the F-layer peak height during high solar activity at the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region. …”
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Forecasting the Remaining Duration of an Ongoing Solar Flare by Jeffrey W. Reep, Will T. Barnes

“…Abstract The solar X‐ray irradiance is significantly heightened during the course of a solar flare, which can cause radio blackouts due to ionization of the atoms in the ionosphere. As the duration of a solar flare is not related to the size of that flare, it is not directly clear how long those blackouts can persist. …”
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Finite-Difference Time Domain Techniques Applied to Electromagnetic Wave Interactions with Inhomogeneous Plasma Structures by Julio L. Nicolini, José Ricardo Bergmann

“…These techniques have been widely used in the past to study propagation near or through the ionosphere, and their extension to plasma devices such as antenna elements is a natural development. …”
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An Intercomparison of GPS RO Retrievals with Colocated Analysis and In Situ Observations within Tropical Cyclones by Henry R. Winterbottom, Qingnong Xiao

“…Observations from four Global Position System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) missions: Global Positioning System/Meteorology, CHAallenging Minisatellite Payload, Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C, and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate and Taiwan's FORMOsa SATellite Mission #3 (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) are collected within a 600 km radius and ±180 minute temporal window of all observed tropical cyclones (TCs) from 1995 to 2006 that were recorded in the global hurricane best-track reanalysis data set (Jarvinen et al. (1984); Davis et al. (1984)). …”
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Estimating Target Heights Based on the Earth Curvature Model and Micromultipath Effect in Skywave OTH Radar by Hou Chengyu, Wang Yuxin, Chen Jiawei

“…They exploit skywave propagation reflection of high frequency signals from the ionosphere, which provides the ultra-long-range surveillance capabilities to detect and track maneuvering targets. …”
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Large-Scale Measurements of Thermospheric Dynamics with a Multisite Fabry-Perot Interferometer Network: Overview of Plans and Results from Midlatitude Measurements by Jonathan J. Makela, John W. Meriwether, Aaron J. Ridley, Marco Ciocca, Michael W. Castellez

“…The North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observing Network (NATION), comprising a new network of Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs), to be deployed in the Midwest of the United States of America is described. …”
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High‐Resolution Sporadic E Layer Observation Based on Ionosonde Using a Cross‐Spectrum Analysis Imaging Technique by Tongxin Liu, Guobin Yang, Chunhua Jiang

“…Abstract The appearance of the sporadic E (Es) layer is an occasional phenomenon in the ionosphere. Limited by range resolution, it is difficult to observe the fine structures and internal evolution processes using existing ionosonde detection techniques. …”
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An Empirical Model of the Sporadic E Layer Intensity Based on COSMIC Radio Occultation Observations by Jun Niu, Han‐xian Fang

“…Abstract Ionospheric sporadic E layers are common phenomena occurring in the ionospheric E region altitude (∼90–120 km) with much higher electron density. …”
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NEUVAC: Nonlinear Extreme Ultraviolet Irradiance Model for Aeronomic Calculations by Daniel A. Brandt, Aaron J. Ridley

“…Additionally, the model is capable of running ensembles and providing estimates of quantified uncertainty for usage by downstream ionosphere‐thermosphere models. The model is evaluated against native FISM2 outputs in the 37 bins used by the EUVAC model, as well as the bins specified by Solomon and Qian. …”
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A two-step geospace storm as a new tool of opportunity for experimentally estimating the threshold condition for the formation of a substorm current wedge by L. F. Chernogor

“…One of the energy pathways between the ionospheric heights and the magnetosphere is the diversion of the cross-tail electric current into the ionosphere through the current wedge. …”
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Statistical Characterization of GITM Thermospheric Horizontal Winds in Comparison to GOCE Estimations by Daniel A. Brandt, Aaron J. Ridley

“…Comparisons between cross‐track horizontal winds from a 10‐month run of Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere (GITM) and those derived from the Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite show that GITM did best modeling horizontal winds in the polar zone but overestimated horizontal wind speeds at midlatitudes just outside of the equatorial ionization anomaly region. …”
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Forcing From Lower Thermosphere and Quiet Time Scintillation Longitudinal Dependence by Endawoke Yizengaw, Keith Groves

“…Abstract The quiet time ionospheric plasma bubbles that occur almost every day become a significant threat for radio frequency (RF) signal degradation that affects communication and navigation systems. …”
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Measurement of the Characteristics of TIDs Using Small and Regional Networks of GPS Receivers during the Campaign of 17–30 July of 2008 by Cesar E. Valladares, Matthew A. Hei

“…This scientific report presents the results of a dedicated experiment that was conducted within the framework of the Low-latitude ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) observatory to measure the characteristics of medium-scale (hundreds of km) Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) as they transit through the low-latitude ionosphere. …”
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Exploring Localized Geomagnetic Disturbances in Global MHD: Physics and Numerics by Erik M. Vandegriff, Daniel T. Welling, Agnit Mukhopadhyay, Andrew P. Dimmock, Steven K. Morley, Ramon E. Lopez

“…We show that the high‐resolution SWMF can reproduce LGMDs driven by ionospheric sources, but struggles to reproduce LGMDs driven by substorm effects. …”
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Static and Dynamic Model Calibration for Upper Thermosphere Determination by Haibing Ruan, Jiuhou Lei, Jianyong Lu

“…Abstract Thermospheric density, a crucial factor in spacecraft operations, poses a significant challenge in accurate determination due to the intricate coupling of the thermosphere‐ionosphere system. Despite capturing long‐term trends, the widely used empirical models, which are used for low Earth orbit spacecraft operations, often fail to reproduce small‐scale or short‐term variations in the thermosphere. …”
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