Precision Psychobiotics for Gut–Brain Axis Health: Advancing the Discovery Pipelines to Deliver Mechanistic Pathways and Proven Health Efficacy by Rebecca F. Slykerman, Naomi Davies, Klara Vlckova, Kenneth J. O'Riordan, Shalome A. Bassett, James Dekker, Harriët Schellekens, Niall P. Hyland, Gerard Clarke, Elaine Patterson

“…Expediting the transition from positive preclinical data to proven benefits in humans includes interpreting the promises and pitfalls of animal behavioural assays, as well as navigating mechanism‐informed decision making to select the right microbe(s) for the job. …”
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Progress in voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention supported by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through 2017: longitudinal and recent cross-sectio... by Carlos Toledo, Melissa Habel, Stephanie M Davis, Jonas Z Hines, Jonathan M Grund, Renee Ridzon, Brittney Baack, Jonathan Davitte, Anne Thomas, Valerian Kiggundu, Naomi Bock, Paran Pordell, Caroline Cooney, Irum Zaidi

“…Objective This article provides an overview and interpretation of the performance of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief’s (PEPFAR’s) male circumcision programme which has supported the majority of voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMCs) performed for HIV prevention, from its 2007 inception to 2017, and client characteristics in 2017.Design Longitudinal collection of routine programme data and disaggregations.Setting 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with low baseline male circumcision coverage, high HIV prevalence and PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes.Participants Clients of PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes directed at males aged 10 years and above.Main outcome measures Numbers of circumcisions performed and disaggregations by age band, result of HIV test offer, procedure technique and follow-up visit attendance.Results PEPFAR supported a total of 15 269 720 circumcisions in 14 countries in Southern and Eastern Africa. …”
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Treatable traits in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: focus on respiratory tract infections—a systematic review and a meta-analysisResearch in context by Zsombor Matics, Anna Bardóczi, Csongor Galkó, Bence Szabó, Noémi Gede, Zsolt Molnár, Gábor Duray, Caner Turan, Péter Hegyi, Gábor Horváth, Veronika Müller

“…For antifibrotics, RTI incidence was similar with pirfenidone treatment compared to nintedanib (RR: 0.98 CI: [0.71; 1.36]) and compared to placebo (RR: 0.88 CI: [0.69; 1.10]) and nintedanib compared to placebo (RR: 0.89 CI: [0.71; 1.12]). Interpretation: RTIs are frequently reported adverse events in IPF patients over a one-year period, with different investigated treatments showing no profound impact compared to placebo. …”
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CONSORT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trialsResearch in context by Jan Rekowski, Christina Guo, Olga Solovyeva, Munyaradzi Dimairo, Mahtab Rouhifard, Dhrusti Patel, Emily Alger, Deborah Ashby, Jordan Berlin, Oliver Boix, Melanie Calvert, An-Wen Chan, Courtney H. Coschi, Johann de Bono, Thomas R. Jeffry Evans, Elizabeth Garrett–Mayer, Robert M. Golub, Kathryn S. Hayward, Sally Hopewell, John D. Isaacs, S. Percy Ivy, Thomas Jaki, Olga Kholmanskikh, Andrew Kightley, Shing Lee, Rong Liu, Israel Maia, Adrian Mander, Lynley V. Marshall, James Matcham, Richard Peck, Khadija Rerhou Rantell, Dawn P. Richards, Lesley Seymour, Yoshiya Tanaka, Moreno Ursino, Christopher J. Weir, Christina Yap

“…Comprehensive and transparent reporting of these studies is critical for their accurate and critical interpretation, which may improve and expedite therapeutic development. …”
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Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations by Hannah Schmieg, Hermann Ferling, Karina Annika Bucher, Stefanie Jacob, Julia Regnery, Hannah Schrader, Julia Schwaiger, Anton Friesen

“…However, no sufficient data exist to interpret the effects of these findings on fish health. …”
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Reinvestigation into the role of lipopolysaccharide Glycosyltransferases in Helicobacter pylori protein glycosylation by Hong Li, Xiaoqiong Tang, Tiandi Yang, Tingting Liao, Aleksandra W. Debowski, Tiankuo Yang, Yalin Shen, Hans-Olof Nilsson, Stuart M. Haslam, Barbara Mulloy, Anne Dell, Keith A. Stubbs, Wolfgang Fischer, Rainer Haas, Hong Tang, Barry J. Marshall, Mohammed Benghezal

“…As LPS is a unique component of virtually all Gram-negative bacteria, our data suggest that when observing protein electrophoretic mobility shifts between wild-type and LPS mutant strains or between subcellular fractionation samples, the influence of LPS on protein electrophoretic migration should be considered first, rather than interpreting it as potential protein glycosylation that is dependent upon LPS biosynthetic pathway.…”
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Biological subphenotypes in patients hospitalized with suspected infection in Thailand: a secondary analysis of a prospective observational studyResearch in context by Prapassorn Poolchanuan, Taylor D. Coston, Viriya Hantrakun, Parinya Chamnan, Gumphol Wongsuvan, Pavan K. Bhatraju, Narisara Chantratita, Direk Limmathurotsakul, T. Eoin West, Shelton W. Wright

“…A parsimonious three-biomarker model identified subphenotypes in an internal validation cohort (LBP-1: area under the receiver operating curve [AUC] 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98; LBP-2: AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.71–0.83; LBP-3: AUC 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00). Interpretation: We identified three biological subphenotypes of patients with suspected infection in rural Thailand, where the burden of infection is high but understudied. …”
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A Simple Machine Learning-Based Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Model for Predicting pIC₅₀ Inhibition Values of FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase by Jackson J. Alcázar, Ignacio Sánchez, Cristian Merino, Bruno Monasterio, Gaspar Sajuria, Diego Miranda, Felipe Díaz, Paola R. Campodónico

“…<b>Results:</b> Key molecular descriptors influencing the inhibitor potency were identified, thereby improving the interpretability of structural requirements. Additionally, a user-friendly computational tool was developed to enable rapid prediction of pIC₅₀ values and facilitate ligand-based virtual screening, leading to the identification of promising FLT3 inhibitors. …”
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Enhancing chemotherapy response prediction via matched colorectal tumor-organoid gene expression analysis and network-based biomarker selection by Wei Zhang, Chao Wu, Hanchen Huang, Paulina Bleu, Wini Zambare, Janet Alvarez, Lily Wang, Philip B. Paty, Paul B. Romesser, J. Joshua Smith, X. Steven Chen

“…The matched tumor-organoid data approach proved effective in capturing relevant biomarkers, enhancing prediction reliability. Interpretation: This study provides a robust framework for improving CRC chemotherapy response predictions by leveraging matched tumor and organoid gene expression data. …”
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Personalized screening strategies for TP53 R337H carriers: a retrospective cohort study of tumor spectrum in Li-Fraumeni syndrome adult carriersResearch in context by Pedro A.F. Galante, Gabriela D.A. Guardia, Janina Pisani, Renata L. Sandoval, Mateus C. Barros-Filho, Ana Carolina Leite Vieira Costa Gifoni, Diogo F.C. Patrão, Patricia Ashton-Prolla, Vitor Fiorin de Vasconcellos, Claire Freycon, Arnold Levine, Pierre Hainaut, Maria Isabel Achatz

“…Common second malignancies were breast cancer in females and lung cancer in males. Interpretation: This study shows that R337H is associated with a lifetime risk of multiple LFS-spectrum cancers but with incomplete penetrance, particularly in males. …”
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Imaging flow cytometry-based cellular screening elucidates pathophysiology in individuals with Variants of Uncertain Significance by Irena Josephina Johanna Muffels, Hans R. Waterham, Giuseppina D’Alessandro, Guido Zagnoli-Vieira, Michael Sacher, Dirk J. Lefeber, Celine Van der Vinne, Chaim M. Roifman, Koen L. I. Gassen, Holger Rehmann, Desiree Y. Van Haaften-Visser, Edward S. S. Nieuwenhuis, Stephen P. Jackson, Sabine A. Fuchs, Femke Wijk, Peter van Hasselt

“…Abstract Background Deciphering variants of uncertain significance (VUS) represents a major diagnostic challenge, partially due to the lack of easy-to-use and versatile cellular readouts that aid the interpretation of pathogenicity and pathophysiology. To address this challenge, we propose a high-throughput screening of cellular functionality through an imaging flow cytometry (IFC)-based platform. …”
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Anti-PL-7/PL-12 antisynthetase syndrome associated with interstitial lung disease following SARS-COV-2 infection and vaccination: A case study review by Laura García-Bravo, Ángela Villegas, Bárbara López Uceda, Anaís Mariscal, Cristina Vadillo, M Asunción Nieto Barbero, Juan Luis Rodríguez-Hermosa, Beatriz Mediero Valeros, José Carlos Plaza-Hernández, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, María Guzmán-Fulgencio, Gloria Candelas-Rodríguez, Silvia Sánchez-Ramón, Juliana Ochoa-Grullón

“…Anti-ARS autoantibodies were identified using three complementary methods: immunoblotting, western blotting (WB) and the method considered the gold standard, immunoprecipitation (IP), which ensures accurate interpretation of results. The study highlights the clinical and pathogenic overlap between ASS-ILD and SARS-CoV-2-related lung involvement.Both conditions share similar high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns, including inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), driven by IFN-γ signaling, which complicates accurate diagnosis. …”
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Residency training programs to support residents working in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities by Marghalara Rashid, Julie Nguyen, Wayne Clark, Jessica L. Foulds, Ida John, Ming-Ka Chan, Molly Whalen-Browne, Pamela Roach, Melanie Morris, Sarah Forgie

“…Methods A qualitative approach was used, guided by a relational lens for collecting data and a constructivist grounded theory for data interpretation. Theoretical sampling was used to recruit 35 participants from three main study sites across two western Canadian provinces. …”
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Dispersion and Intersection of Hydrothermal Plumes in the Manus Back-Arc Basin, Western Pacific by Zhigang Zeng, Xiaoyuan Wang, Bramley J. Murton, Haiyan Qi, Berit Lehrmann, Xiaohui Li, Zuxing Chen, Yunchao Shu

“…This implied that the plumes proximal to their vent fluid sources, which were interpreted to have relatively young ages, dispersed chemically over time, and their concentrations became more similar to those of the plumes that were more distal from their vent fluid sources.…”
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Changes in sediment connectivity and its impact on sediment transport in a typical watershed of Southern Jiangxi Province, China by Fei Sheng, Tingxin Yi, Yanyan Wang, Haijin Zheng, Shiyu Liu, Xiaofei Nie, Longsong Hu, Haifeng Li

“…These changes were closely related to the location and quantity of sediment sources caused by the large-scale development of orchards in the watershed. The interpretation of ICmax to the changes in S3a and S5a was 51.5%, indicating a highly significant effect. …”
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PneumoniaCheck, a novel aerosol collection device, permits capture of airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis and characterisation of the cough aeromicrobiome in people with tuberculos... by Tinaye L. Chiyaka, Georgina R. Nyawo, Charissa C. Naidoo, Suventha Moodley, Jose C. Clemente, Stephanus T. Malherbe, Robin M. Warren, David N. Ku, Leopoldo N. Segal, Grant Theron

“…Compared to BALF, none of the aerosol-enriched taxa were enriched in oral washes or sputum. Interpretation PMC captures aerosols with Ultra-detectable MTBC and MTBC is more detectable in aerosols than sputum by sequencing. …”
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Plasticizer exposure in Germany from 1988 to 2022: Human biomonitoring data of 20 plasticizers from the German Environmental Specimen Bank by Monika Kasper-Sonnenberg, Claudia Pälmke, Sonja Wrobel, Thomas Brüning, Aline Murawski, Petra Apel, Till Weber, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Holger M. Koch

“…In the current measurement campaign only three individuals (0.7 %) exceeded the HI of 1 (with exceedances still driven by DEHP and DnBP).In 2022, 20 % of the individuals still had an HI > 0.2, which we propose as a benchmark for interpreting phthalate mixture risk, considering concurrent exposures to other anti-androgens. …”
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Integrative deep immune profiling of the elderly reveals systems-level signatures of aging, sex, smoking, and clinical traitsResearch in context by Lennart Riemann, Rodrigo Gutierrez, Ivan Odak, Joana Barros-Martins, Lennart M. Roesner, Ximena Leon Lara, Christine Falk, Thomas F. Schulz, Gesine Hansen, Thomas Werfel, Reinhold Förster, Berislav Bošnjak, Felix Jenniches, Norman Klopp, Till Robin Lesker, Martin Stangel

“…Additionally, we identified unique immune signatures associated with smoking, obesity, and diseases such as osteoporosis, heart failure, and gout. Interpretation: This study provides one of the most comprehensive immune profiles of elderly individuals, uncovering high-resolution immune changes associated with aging. …”
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Automatic GPR detection of grouting defects behind the tunnel shield segments based on wavelet coherence analysis combined with modified Res-RCNN by Dengyi Wang, Ming Peng, Liu Liu, Xiongyao Xie, Zhenming Shi, Yaoying Liang, Jian Shen, Qiyu Wu

“…Ground penetrating radar (GPR), a widely used non-destructive testing technique for detecting grouting defects behind tunnel shield segments, faces challenges like steel rebar interference, low working efficiency, and expert interpretation reliance. To address these, this paper introduces an automated approach using wavelet coherence and a modified Res-RCNN. …”
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Perspectives of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination among racially and ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men with and without HIV in the US South:... by Jake S. Waldman, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann-Jackson, Sandy K. Aguilar-Palma, Manuel Garcia, Benjamin D. Smart, Scott D. Rhodes

“…Methods We collected, analyzed, and interpreted qualitative in-depth interview data from a diverse sample of GBMSM (N = 30) in North Carolina, USA. …”
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