Change in the Prevalence of Testing for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the United States: 1999–2012 by Nicholas T. Vozoris, Jane Batt

“…There is no information on the change in prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing in the United States (US) following the introduction of the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), a new and alternative diagnostic method for LTBI. …”
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Why and How to Treat Chronic Hepatitis C by Stephanos J Hadziyannis

“…Available therapies for CHC are restricted to interferon alpha (IFN-α ) monotherapy and to the combination of IFN-α and ribavirin. …”
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Current Status of the Immunomodulation and Immunomediated Therapeutic Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis by Shyi-Jou Chen, Yen-Ling Wang, Hueng-Chuen Fan, Wen-Tsung Lo, Chih-Chien Wang, Huey-Kang Sytwu

“…Traditionally, Th1 cells (interferon-γ-producing CD4+ T cells) driven by interleukin 12 (IL12) were considered to be the encephalitogenic T cells in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. …”
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Marked Rebound of Platelet Count in the Early Postpartum Period in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia by Yoshinori Hashimoto, Rina Hosoda, Hiromi Omura, Takayuki Tanaka

“…Her platelet count exceeded 1500 × 109/L by late pregnancy; interferon α was administered but failed to induce an adequate response. …”
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Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine-Mediated Anemia: Regarding Molecular Mechanisms of Erythropoiesis by F. Morceau, M. Dicato, M. Diederich

“…In this review we summarize the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and interferon (IFN)-γ on erythropoiesis with a particular interest for molecular feature.…”
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Distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis from psoriatic arthritis by Joseph F Merola, Luis R Espinoza, Roy Fleischmann

“…In PsA, levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are elevated, and in RA, levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-22, IL-33, TNF-α, chemokine ligand 11 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 are elevated. …”
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Cellular Immunogenicity of Novel Gene Immunogens in Mice Monitored by in Vivo Imaging by Elizaveta Starodubova, Olga Krotova, David Hallengärd, Yulia Kuzmenko, Gunnel Engström, Diana Legzdina, Oleg Latyshev, Olesja Eliseeva, Anna Karin Maltais, Vera Tunitskaya, Vadim Karpov, Andreas Bråve, Maria Isaguliants

“…Fading of luminescence correlated with the RT-specific secretion of interferon-γ and interleukin-2. Both immune and in vivo imaging techniques concordantly demonstrated an enhanced immunogenicity of RT-LAMP and of the N-terminal Gly-Ala-RT fusion genes. …”
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Leaf-Encapsulated Vaccines: Agroinfiltration and Transient Expression of the Antigen Staphylococcal Endotoxin B in Radish Leaves by Pei-Feng Liu, Yanhan Wang, Robert G. Ulrich, Christopher W. Simmons, Jean S. VanderGheynst, Richard L. Gallo, Chun-Ming Huang

“…ICR mice intranasally immunized with homogenized leaves agroinfiltrated with SEB elicited detectable antibody to SEB and displayed protection against SEB-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. The concept of encapsulating antigens in leaves rather than purifying them for immunization may facilitate rapid vaccine production during an epidemic disease.…”
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Laser Photobiomodulation for a Complex Patient with Severe Hydroxyurea-Induced Oral Ulcerations by Marco Cabras, Adriana Cafaro, Alessio Gambino, Roberto Broccoletti, Ercole Romagnoli, Davide Marina, Paolo G. Arduino

“…Conventional therapeutic options aim at reducing vascular and thrombotic risk; low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy are first-line recommendations, for patients at low risk of thrombotic events, whereas cytoreductive therapy, usually hydroxyurea (HU) or interferon alpha, is recommended for high-risk patients. …”
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Discrimination of Anti-Donor Response in Allogeneic Transplantation Using an Alloreactive T-Cell Detection Assay by Ryosuke Arata, Naoki Tanimine, Akhmet Seidakhmetov, Kentaro Ide, Yuka Tanaka, Hideki Ohdan

“…Using full MHC mismatched mouse skin transplant models, we observed an increased donor-reactive T-cell proportion by direct presentation with elevated interferon gamma and granzyme B production 7 days post-transplantation, before graft rejection. …”
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Recent Pathophysiological Aspects of Peyronie’s Disease: Role of Free Radicals, Rationale, and Therapeutic Implications for Antioxidant Treatment—Literature Review by Gianni Paulis, Gennaro Romano, Luca Paulis, Davide Barletta

“…While conservative therapies commonly used in the early stages of PD include oral substances (Potaba, tamoxifen, colchicine, and vitamin E), intralesional treatment (verapamil, interferon, steroids, and more recently collagenase clostridium histolyticum-Xiaflex), and local physical treatment (iontophoresis, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and penile extender), the significant results obtained by emerging treatments with the antioxidants cited in this article suggest these therapeutic agents interfere at several levels with the disease’s pathogenetic mechanisms. …”
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Picolinic Acid in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Preliminary Report by Jolanta Zuwała-Jagiello, Monika Pazgan-Simon, Krzysztof Simon, Maria Warwas

“…Picolinic acid (PA) as a macrophage secondary signal causes the activation of interferon-gamma- (IFN-γ-) prime macrophage and triggers cytokine-driven inflammatory reactions. …”
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Roles of NET Peptides With Known Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity in Immune Response by Sinan Cebeci, Tuba Polat, Nihan Ünübol

“…Specifically, the study investigated how different concentrations of these peptides influence the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in mouse macrophages. Among the synthesized peptides, NET1 and NET2 demonstrated low cytotoxicity in TIB-71 RAW 264.7 macrophages. …”
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Differential Gene Expression Profile of Human Neutrophils Cultured with Plasmodium falciparum-Parasitized Erythrocytes by Mohamad Alaa Terkawi, Ryo Takano, Kentaro Kato

“…Gene enrichment analysis suggested that the biological pathways involved in the PMN responses to the iRBCs included insulin receptor, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and interleukin and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling pathways. The current study provides fundamental knowledge on the molecular responses of neutrophils to malarial parasites, which may aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions.…”
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Mathematical insights on psoriasis regulation: Role of Th1 and Th2 cells by Amit Kumar Roy, Priti Kumar Roy, Ellina Grigorieva

“…Hyper-proliferation of Keratinocytes may occur due to over expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by Th1-Cells viz. Interferon gamma ( $\mbox{IFN}-{γ}$ ), Transforming growth factor beta ( $\mbox{TGF}-β$ ) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( $\mbox{TNF}-α$ ) etc. …”
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Antigen Presentation in the Gut by W Doe, P Pavli

“…In the inflamed colon there is infiltration of the lamina propria by large numbers of monocytes which secrete interleukin-1, and the release of interferon-gamma appears to induce class II protein expression on colonic epithelial cells. …”
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Clinical Recommendations for the Use of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Being Treated with Ribavirin by Morris Sherman, Lawrence Cohen, Mary Anne Cooper, Magdy Elkashab, Victor Feinman, David Fletcher, Nigel Girgrah, Jenny Heathcote, Mark Levstik, William B McNaull, David Wong, Florence Wong, Colina Yim

“…Today, combination antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin (RBV) allows many patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) to achieve a sustained virological response, which is equivalent to cure. …”
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Intracellular Cytokine Flow Cytometry to Differentiate between Active and Latent Tuberculosis through Assessment of Tuberculosis-specific Cytokines by Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sushma Belurkar, Kavitha Saravu, Shilna Muttickal Swaminathan

“…RESULTS: Twenty-six participants were included in the study. The expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 by MTB-specific CD4+ T cells, absolute counts, and percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T-cells was significantly different between the MTB and LTBI groups [P < 0.001]. …”
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Toxoplasmosis Cerebri Pada HIV AIDS by Yostila Derosa, Armen Ahmad

“…Infeksi toxoplasma Gondii pada pasien HIV terutama terjadi jika pada kondisi CD4 yang rendah, penurunan produksi sitokin dan interferon gama, dan menurunnya fungsi sel limfosit T sitotoksik sehingga menyebabkan reaktivasi dari infeksi laten T. …”
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Modern modes of chronic hepatitis C treatment by V. T. Ivashkin, M. V. Mayevskaya, M. A. Morozova, Ye. O. Lyusina

“…Nowadays conventional «gold standard» treatment of chronic HCV-infection is antiviral therapy by pegilated interferon and ribavirin combination. Recently principles of antiviral treatment were seriously reconsidered, that inevitably leads to sophistication of therapeutic algorithms. …”
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