The Impact of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Obesity on Fetal Growth by Erin Graves, David J. Hill, Susan Evers, Kristine Van Aarsen, Brie Yama, Su Yuan, M. Karen Campbell

“…Factors linked with insulin resistance were examined for their association with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant birth weight and gestational diabetes. …”
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The Influence of Concurrent Autoimmune Thyroiditis on the Cardiometabolic Consequences of Cabergoline in Postmenopausal Women by Robert Krysiak, Marcin Basiak, Witold Szkróbka, Bogusław Okopień

“…In addition to prolactin, we assessed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid antibodies, and glucose homeostasis markers: fasting glucose, the homeostatic model assessment 1 of insulin resistance ratio (HOMA1-IR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). …”
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Relationship of METS-IR with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in China: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study by Chunyan Zhou, Yanyu Zhang, Xiaoyi Liu, Chenyu He, Shiyang Li, Shiyang Li

“…This study aimed to explore the association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and the incidence of CMM.MethodsThis study included 6,977 individuals in the CHARLS database. …”
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Alteration of fecal microbiome and metabolome by mung bean coat improves diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by Dianzhi Hou, Jian Tang, Meili Huan, Fang Liu, Sumei Zhou, Qun Shen

“…Results showed that MBC could effectively alleviative the obese phenotype, reduce the lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, and improve the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response. …”
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Action Mechanisms of Metformin Combined with Exenatide and Metformin Only in the Treatment of PCOS in Obese Patients by Jingwen Gan, Jie Chen, Rui-lin Ma, Yan Deng, Xue-song Ding, Shi-yang Zhu, Ai-jun Sun

“…Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age, whose clinical characteristics are hyperandrogenism (HA), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovary, often accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic abnormalities. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra), such as exenatide, can bind to specific receptors on tissues such as the ovaries to improve the clinical phenotype of PCOS, while insulin-sensitizing agents, such as metformin, can also benefit to metabolic abnormalities in PCOS. …”
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RETRACTED: Efficacy of Vanadyl Sulfate and Selenium Tetrachloride as Anti-Diabetic Agents against Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress Induced by Diabetes Mellitus in Male Rats by Fawziah A. Al-Salmi, Reham Z. Hamza

“…In this study, the immune-protecting effects and the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of vanadyl sulfate (VOSO₄) and/or selenium tetrachloride (Se) on oxidative injury, DNA damage, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia were assessed. Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups, and all treatments were administrated at 9:00 a.m. daily for 60 successive days: control, STZ (Streptozotocin; 50 mg/kg of STZ was given to 6 h fasted animals in a single dose, followed by confirmation of diabetic state occurrence after 72 h by blood glucose estimation at >280 mg/dl), STZ (Diabetic) plus administration of VOSO₄ (15 mg/kg) for 60 days, STZ (Diabetic) plus administration of selenium tetrachloride (0.87 mg/Kg), and STZ plus VOSO₄ and, after 1/2 h, administration of selenium tetrachloride at the above doses. …”
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From gut to liver: Exploring the crosstalk between gut-liver axis and oxidative stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by Mi Zhou, Jianyu Lv, Xinli Chen, Yujie Shi, Guanqun Chao, Shuo Zhang

“…Its prevalence is intricately linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and other components of the metabolic syndrome. …”
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FABP4 and I-FABP Levels in Pregnant Women Are Associated with Body Mass Index but Not Gestational Diabetes by Tamara Vorobjova, Aili Tagoma, Ija Talja, Helis Janson, Anne Kirss, Raivo Uibo

“…Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a regulator of lipid metabolism and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Increased level of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) may indicate impaired intestinal permeability, which may be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and GDM. …”
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A randomized double-blind clinical trial investigating the effects of ellagic acid on glycemic status, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic fatty live... by Sara Mighani, Rasoul Samimi, Mohamadreza Rashidi Nooshabadi, Seyed Amir Farzam, Hossein Khadem Haghighian, Maryam Javadi

“…Results At the end of the study, the mean of insulin, insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.05). …”
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Metabolic Risks of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study by Xiaoying Ding, Ying Xu, Yufan Wang, Xiaohua Li, Chunhua Lu, Jing Su, Yuhang Ma, Yuting Chen, Yanhua Yin, Lijun Zhang, Yong Wu, Yaqiong Jin, Lijun Zheng, Songmei Xu, Xiuli Zhu, Jilin Ma, Lihua Yu, Junyi Jiang, Naisi Zhao, Qingwu Yan, Andrew S. Greenberg, Qianfang Huang, Qian Ren, Haiyan Sun, Mingyu Gu, Li Zhao, Yunhong Huang, Yijie Wu, Chunxian Qian, Yongde Peng

“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a higher risk factor for insulin resistance, shares many predisposing factors with diabetes. …”
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Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Vascular Complications in a Rat Model with Severe Dyslipidemia: Sex Differences and PAI-1 Tissue Involvement by Irena Markova, Martina Hüttl, Natalie Gayova, Denisa Miklankova, Kristyna Cerna, Martina Kavanova, Petra Skaroupkova, Sona Cacanyiova, Hana Malinska

“…Using male and female hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats—a nonobese prediabetic model featuring dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance—we found that HHTg females exhibited more pronounced hypertriglyceridemia than males, while HHTg males had higher non-fasting glucose levels. …”
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Decreased Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Indicated Worse Biometric, Lipid, Liver, and Renal Function Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Xi Luo, Xin-Ming Yang, Wang-Yu Cai, Hui Chang, Hong-Li Ma, Yan Peng, Xiao-Ke Wu

“…In comparative analyses, PCOS women with lower SHBG levels had higher body mass index, waist circumference, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (APOB), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), but lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1). …”
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Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional, Epidemiological, Pan-India Study by Vaishali Deshmukh, Faraz Farishta, Milind Bhole

“…Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin were used for the calculation of homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Overt hypothyroidism was defined as thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH>4.50 μIU/mL with free thyroxine FT4<0.8 ng/dL and free triiodothyronine FT3<1.4 pg/mL; subclinical hypothyroidism as TSH>4.50 μIU/mL with FT4=0.8-1.8 ng/dL and FT3=1.4-4.4 pg/mL; overt hyperthyroidism as TSH<0.45 μIU/mL with FT4>1.8 ng/dL and FT3>4.4 pg/mL; and subclinical hyperthyroidism as TSH<0.45 μIU/mL with FT4=0.8-1.8 ng/dL and FT3=1.4-4.4 pg/mL. …”
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Long-Term Effects of Metformin and Lifestyle Modification on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Obese Adolescents by Lian Tock, Ana R. Dâmaso, Aline de Piano, June Carnier, Priscila L. Sanches, Henrique Manoel Lederman, Regina M. Y. Ernandes, Marco Túlio de Mello, Sérgio Tufik

“…Fasting blood samples were collected to analyze glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and aminotransferases. Repeated ANOVA measures were used to compare changes over time and between groups, and Spearman's correlations were used to identify an association between insulin and the degree of steatosis at US. …”
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Adipocytes from New Zealand Obese Mice Exhibit Aberrant Proinflammatory Reactivity to the Stress Signal Heat Shock Protein 60 by Tina Märker, Jennifer Kriebel, Ulrike Wohlrab, Volker Burkart, Christiane Habich

“…Increased Hsp60 binding and Hsp60-induced IL-6 release by mature adipocytes of NZO mice suggest that enhanced adipocyte reactivity to the stress signal Hsp60 contributes to inflammatory processes underlying diabetes associated with obesity and insulin resistance.…”
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Basic Mechanism in Inflammation-Related Non-Communicable Diseases and Therapeutic Opportunities by Anna Hernández-Aguilera, Anna Rull, Esther Rodríguez-Gallego, Marta Riera-Borrull, Fedra Luciano-Mateo, Jordi Camps, Javier A. Menéndez, Jorge Joven

“…The roles of cytokines and insulin resistance in excessive energy intake have been studied extensively. …”
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Global bibliometric analysis of traditional Chinese medicine regulating gut microbiota in the treatment of diabetes from 2004 to 2024 by Jieling Liang, Xiaojuan Lin, Xin Liao, Xi Chen, Ying Zhou, Lin Zhang, Yunyun Qin, Haoru Meng, Zhongwen Feng

“…Key identified keywords included obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress.ConclusionThree key research focuses in this domain include: the therapeutic effects of active constituents in TCM on diabetes via gut microbiota modulation, the underlying mechanisms through which TCM influences gut microbiota in diabetes management, and the targeted regulation of specific gut bacterial populations by TCM in the treatment of diabetes.…”
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Nuciferine relieves type 2 diabetes mellitus via enhancing GLUT4 expression and translocation by Tongxi Zhou, Guanjun Song, Di Tian, Qinghua Liu, Jinhua Shen, Xinzhou Yang, Ping Zhao

“…The in vivo results suggested that nuciferine ameliorated weight gain induced by high-fat diet, abnormal lipid metabolism and the symptoms of insulin resistance in KK-Ay diabetic mice. Western blot results suggested that nuciferine increased AMPK and PKC phosphorylation levels in skeletal muscle and liver, and enhanced GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. …”
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Irisin: A Potential Link between Physical Exercise and Metabolism—An Observational Study in Differently Trained Subjects, from Elite Athletes to Sedentary People by Stefano Benedini, Elena Dozio, Pietro Luigi Invernizzi, Elena Vianello, Giuseppe Banfi, Ileana Terruzzi, Livio Luzi, Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli

“…After correction for the degree of insulin resistance (irisin/HOMA-IR), elite athletes showed higher levels compared to sedentary and recreational subjects (p<0.01 and p<0.05, resp.). …”
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Peripheral Mononuclear Cell Resistin mRNA Expression Is Increased in Type 2 Diabetic Women by Panayoula C. Tsiotra, Constantine Tsigos, Eleni Anastasiou, Eleni Yfanti, Eleni Boutati, Emmanouil Souvatzoglou, Ioannis Kyrou, Sotirios A. Raptis

“…Resistin has been shown to cause insulin resistance and to impair glucose tolerance in rodents, but in humans its physiological role still remains elusive. …”
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