Anthropometric Indicators to Determine the Obesity and its Relations with the Cardiometabolic Risk by Raúl Cedeño Morales, Maricel Castellanos González, Mikhail Benet Rodríguez, Luis Mass Sosa, Carlos Mora Hernández, Jorge Carlos Parada Arias

“…<strong>Background:</strong> it has become a controversy if obesity per se is an independent cardiometabolic risk factor it self or it influences like a contributing element of other factors, specially hypertension, insulin resistance and dislipidemias. <strong><br />Objective:</strong> determining which of the anthropometric parameters used to quantify obesity is more associated to the cardiometabolic risk factors. …”
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Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of the Leaves Extract of Ficus vallis-choudae Delile in a Model of Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin by Kilenma Kolefer, David Miaffo, Roger Ponka

“…The AEFV also lowered blood glucose levels, insulinemia, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c), and very-low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-c) levels. …”
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Effects of Silybum marianum Extract on High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Disorders in Rats by Sayin Fatma Kubra, Buyukbas Sadik, Basarali M. Kemal, Alp Harun, Toy Hatice, Ugurcu Veli

“…SME supplementation for different durations raised improvement in the HFD-induced metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and hepatopathy at different degrees. …”
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Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Gastrointestinal Cancer by Shintaro Fujihara, Hirohito Mori, Hideki Kobara, Noriko Nishiyama, Mitsuyoshi Kobayashi, Makoto Oryu, Tsutomu Masaki

“…Adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat, is an important metabolic tissue as it secretes systemic factors that alter the immunologic, metabolic, and endocrine milieu and also promotes insulin resistance. Within the growth-promoting, proinflammatory environment of the obese state, cross-talk between macrophages, adipocytes, and epithelial cells occurs via obesity-associated hormones, adipocytokines, and other mediators that may enhance cancer risk and progression. …”
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Specific Metabolic Fingerprint of a Dietary Exposure to a Very Low Dose of Endosulfan by Cécile Canlet, Marie Tremblay-Franco, Roselyne Gautier, Jérôme Molina, Benjamin Métais, Florence Blas-Y Estrada, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre

“…In conclusion, our results show that metabolic changes in liver could be linked to the onset of pathologies like diabetes and insulin resistance. Moreover from our results it appears that the NMR-based metabonomic approach could be useful for the characterization in plasma of a dietary exposure to low dose of pesticide in human.…”
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Hyperinsulinemia Induced Altered Insulin Signaling Pathway in Muscle of High Fat- and Carbohydrate-Fed Rats: Effect of Exercise by Anu Joseph, S. Parvathy, Koyikkal Karthikeya Varma

“…Insulin resistance is a state of impaired responsiveness to insulin action. …”
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Multiple Factors Related to the Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 by XingChun Wang, Huan Liu, Jiaqi Chen, Yan Li, Shen Qu

“…The impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 has negative influence on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance related diseases. Thus, glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) are now well accepted in the management of type 2 diabetes. …”
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Interleukin-4 Promotes Myogenesis and Boosts Myocyte Insulin Efficacy by Yih-Hsin Chang, Jen-Ning Tsai, Tzu-Lin Chen, Kuo-Ting Ho, Hsin-Yi Cheng, Chiao-Wan Hsiao, Ming-Yuh Shiau

“…IL-4 has dual potential to act as an adjuvant therapeutic target for sarcopenia to preserve muscle mass and insulin resistance to improve insulin sensitivity, which implicates the regulation of immune system to the muscle differentiation and exercise performance.…”
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Early Postoperative Outcomes and Medication Cost Savings after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Morbidly Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Bethany J. Slater, Nina Bellatorre, Dan Eisenberg

“…Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetic medication use, glucose, insulin, and HbA1c levels were documented preoperatively, and at 2 weeks, 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). …”
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Association of age at menopause with type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Faezeh Zakerinasab, Taif Haiham Al Saraireh, Amirhesam Amirbeik, Rasoul Hossein Zadeh, Fariba Arbab Mojeni, Qumars Behfar

“…Visceral obesity and diminished estrogen level during the menopausal phase are associated with unfavorable metabolic changes, resulting in insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). …”
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Free Triiodothyronine and Cholesterol Levels in Euthyroid Elderly T2DM Patients by F. Strollo, I. Carucci, M. Morè, G. Marico, G. Strollo, M. A. Masini, S. Gentile

“…Recent literature reports upon complex hypothalamic and peripheral interactions between T2DM and thyroid, and suggests T3 to enhance cholesterol synthesis and to have a role in insulin resistance states. Further investigations are needed to understand the intimate mechanisms of lipid metabolism in T2DM with respect to thyroid function.…”
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OSAS-Related Inflammatory Mechanisms of Liver Injury in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Elena Paschetta, Paola Belci, Anna Alisi, Daniela Liccardo, Renato Cutrera, Giovanni Musso, Valerio Nobili

“…In NAFLD patients, liver disease may be caused by hypoxia both indirectly by promoting inflammation and insulin resistance and directly by enhancing proinflammatory cytokine production and metabolic dysregulation in liver cells. …”
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Garlic and Onion Attenuates Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Fructose-Fed Rats by Marcela Alejandra Vazquez-Prieto, Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi, Carina Lembo, Claudio Rómulo Galmarini, Roberto Miguel Miatello

“…At the end of the study, FFR had developed insulin resistance, aortic NADPH oxidase activity, increased SBP, plasma TBARS and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in mesenteric arteries, and a decrease in heart endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). …”
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Toll-Like Receptor-4 Mediated Inflammation Is Involved in the Cardiometabolic Alterations Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia by Laureline Poulain, Vincent Richard, Patrick Lévy, Maurice Dematteis, Claire Arnaud

“…Results. IH induced insulin resistance, morphological and inflammatory changes of the epididymal fat (smaller pads and adipocytes, higher release of TNF-α and IL-6) and aorta (larger intima-media thickness and higher NFκB-p50 activity). …”
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Association of Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Ferritin with the Metabolic Syndrome by Dong Wei, Tao Chen, Jie Li, Yun Gao, Yan Ren, Xiangxun Zhang, Hongling Yu, Haoming Tian

“…Furthermore, the increased risk of having each of the metabolic syndrome components (overweight or obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance) was also observed in those subjects after adjustment for possible confounders (p < 0.05). …”
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A Single 60 mg Dose of Denosumab Might Improve Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Postmenopausal Nondiabetic Severe Osteoporotic Women by Elena Passeri, Stefano Benedini, Elena Costa, Sabrina Corbetta

“…Nonetheless, 60 mg denosumab induced a significant reduction in the hepatic insulin resistance index at 4 weeks and in HbA1c levels at 12 weeks. …”
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Antimutagenic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Aqueous Extract on Rats Treated with Monosodium Glutamate by Ana Carla Guidini Valentini Gheller, Jacqueline Kerkhoff, Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior, Kleber Eduardo de Campos, Marina Mariko Sugui

“…H. sabdariffa is known to contain antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, antiobesity, insulin resistance reduction, antihypertensive, and skin cancer chemopreventive properties. …”
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Oral Administration of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide during Lactation: Effects on Hypothalamic Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor and Food Intake in Adult Mice by Carolina Aguirre, Valeska Castillo, Miguel Llanos

“…We have previously shown that administration of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) during lactation leads to overweight, increased body fat accumulation, and insulin resistance in adult mice. This study was designed to elucidate if these effects are due to increased food intake, stimulated by an augmented abundance and binding ability of the hypothalamic cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R). …”
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Concentrations of Selected Adipokines, Interleukin-6, and Vitamin D in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Respect to Thyroid Cancer Stages by Jakub Warakomski, Ewa Romuk, Barbara Jarząb, Jolanta Krajewska, Lucyna Siemińska

“…No significant relationships between serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, IL-6, vitamin D, and tumor size in PTC were found. Although insulin resistance represented by the HOMA index was associated with anthropometric variables and with serum leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, and IL-6 concentrations, in our study, no statistically significant relations with PTC staging were identified.…”
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All-Cause Mortality Risk of Metabolically Healthy Obese Individuals in NHANES III by C. M. Durward, T. J. Hartman, S. M. Nickols-Richardson

“…Metabolic health was defined as: (1) homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) <2.5; (2) ≤2 Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III metabolic syndrome criteria; (3) combined definition using ≤1 of the following: HOMA-IR ≥1.95 (or diabetes medications), triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L, HDL-C <1.04 mmol/L (males) or <1.30 mmol/L (females), LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L, and total cholesterol ≥5.2 mmol/L (or cholesterol-lowering medications). …”
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