Type 2 diabetes remission through lifestyle intervention in a geriatric patient with long-standing diabetes and at thirty-three-months follow-up by Pramod Tripathi, Diptika Tiwari, Milanjeet Kaur Raizada, Nidhi Kadam

“…The patient showed an improvement in HbA1c (7.7 to 5.3%) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; 6.2 to 1.8) and a shift in BMI (25.3 to 23.7 kg/m2) through weight loss (73 to 67 kg). …”
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Leptin Deficiency and Its Effects on Tibial and Vertebral Bone Mechanical Properties in Mature Genetically Lean and Obese JCR:LA-Corpulent Rats by Raylene A. Reimer, Jeremy M. LaMothe, Ronald F. Zernicke

“…Leptin signaling deficient rodents have emerged as models of obesity/insulin resistance syndrome. Altered leptin signaling, however, can affect axial and appendicular bone geometrical properties differently, and, thus, we hypothesized that leptin-deficiency would differentially influence mechanical properties of vertebrae and tibiae compared to lean rats. …”
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a Sequel of Untreated Childhood Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency Developing in a 17-Year-Old Patient by Rohan K. Henry, Ram K. Menon

“…By extension, since hepatic insulin resistance (IR) is key to FL and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), GH then may ameliorate the IR of T2DM. …”
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Mechanisms of Chronic State of Inflammation as Mediators That Link Obese Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Syndrome by Eduardo Fuentes, Francisco Fuentes, Gemma Vilahur, Lina Badimon, Iván Palomo

“…The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic alterations that include the presence of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. …”
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Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Aldosterone on Cardiometabolic Syndrome by P. Stiefel, A. J. Vallejo-Vaz, S. García Morillo, J. Villar

“…Although this relationship is complex, there is some evidence suggesting that different factors may play an important role, such as insulin resistance, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, sodium retention, increased sympathetic activity, levels of free fatty acids, or inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. …”
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The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Novel Player of the Intercellular Crosstalk in Metabolic Disorders by Elisa Benetti, Fausto Chiazza, Nimesh S. A. Patel, Massimo Collino

“…Both clinical and translational laboratory studies have demonstrated that chronic inflammation is associated with obesity and obesity-related conditions such as insulin resistance. However, the precise etiopathogenetic mechanisms linking obesity to diabetes remain to be elucidated, and the pathways that mediate this phenomenon are not fully characterized. …”
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Development of a computational model of glucose toxicity in the progression of diabetes mellitus by Danilo T. Pérez-Rivera, Verónica L. Torres-Torres, Abraham E. Torres-Colón, Mayteé Cruz-Aponte

“…The current framework is clearly capable of tracking the patient's current progress through the disease, dependent on factors such as latent insulin resistance or an attrite $\beta$-cell population. …”
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Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Markers of Cardiovascular Risk by Nikolaos Vrachnis, Areti Augoulea, Zoe Iliodromiti, Irene Lambrinoudaki, Stavros Sifakis, George Creatsas

“…GDM has been shown to be associated with postpartum diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A history of previous GDM (pGDM), associated or not with any of these metabolic abnormalities, can increase the risk of developing not only type 2 diabetes mellitus but also cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes later in life. …”
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Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment by Elena Avgoustou, Ilektra Tzivaki, Garyfalia Diamantopoulou, Tatiana Zachariadou, Despoina Avramidou, Vasileios Dalopoulos, Alexandros Skourtis

“…Increasing evidence suggests that obesity contributes to CKD through multiple mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, hemodynamic alterations, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation. These processes can culminate in histopathological changes collectively referred to as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). …”
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Effect of grape seed extract on β -catenin gene expression and hyperglycemia in rats induced by streptozotocin by Elif Gulbahce-Mutlu, Emine Arslan, Hilal Arikoglu

“…<b>Aim: </b>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar in case of insulin resistance and/or insulin deficiency or insufficiency. …”
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Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus by Chan Yew Low, Wei Ling Gan, Su Jeat Lai, Rachel Su-May Tam, Jie Fei Tan, Stefanie Dietl, Lay Hong Chuah, Nicolas Voelcker, Athirah Bakhtiar

“…Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. …”
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Update on the therapeutic role of metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects on pathophysiologic process and fertility outcomes by Kerstin MG Brand, Ulrike Gottwald-Hostalek, Aimee Andag-Silva

“…The metabolic action of metformin involves amelioration of insulin resistance, which helps to resolve hormonal and metabolic disturbances and increases ovulation, pregnancy, and live birth rates relative to placebo. …”
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Possible impact of use of a ketogenic diet in pregnancy on the fetus: Review of animal and human studies by Agata Miłosz, Justyna Michalczyk, Iwona Morawik, Klaudia Długoborska, Monika Gesek

“…It is an effective form of treatment for many diseases including epilepsy, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and some metabolic disorders.In women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ketogenic diet has a positive effect on fertility by reducing weight, insulin resistance and hormonal regulation [4–7]. However, it can contribute to mineral and vitamin deficiencies, hypoproteinemia or the development of hepatic steatosis and kidney stones [4, 8]. …”
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Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Mitophagy during Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Horses by Krzysztof Marycz, Christine Weiss, Agnieszka Śmieszek, Katarzyna Kornicka

“…In the present study, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs)) from horses diagnosed with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), a common metabolic disorder characterized by pathological obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated the metabolic status of isolated cells during adipogenic differentiation using multiple research methods, such as flow cytometry, PCR, immunofluorescence, or transmission and confocal microscopy. …”
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Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and the Analysis of the Intervention of Vitamin D by Wan Zhou, Shan-Dong Ye

“…Statistical analysis revealed that 25(OH)D had a negative correlation with RBP4, duration, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). …”
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Systemic Factors Related to Intraocular Levels of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Diabetic Retinopathy by Byung Ju Jung, Mee Yon Lee, Sohee Jeon

“…After adjustment for age, gender, duration of diabetes, and BMI, multivariate analysis showed significant association of smoking (p=0.002) and HOMA-IR (p=0.003) with intraocular IL-6 levels, while intraocular VEGF and systemic Lp-A levels correlated significantly (p=0.032). Insulin resistance and smoking status impacted intraocular levels of IL-6, while intraocular VEGF levels were influenced by Lp-A. …”
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Recent advances in nutritional metabolism studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection by Yufen Jiang, Linle Xu, Xuexing Zheng, Hongbo Shi

“…SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to insulin resistance and increased glycolysis, reducing glucose utilization and shifting metabolism to use fat as an energy source. …”
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Red honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) tea mitigates oxidative imbalance and hyperlipidemia, while improving glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic rats by Xin Xiao, Ochuko L. Erukainure, Md. Shahidul Islam

“…Five weeks of treatment of RHT led to significant (P < 0.05) elevation in serum insulin, pancreatic β-cell function, HDL-c levels with concomitant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, CK-MB, fructosamine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. RHT also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MDA levels and enhanced level of GSH, activity of SOD, catalase, GR in most of organs (pancreas, liver, kidneys, and heart). …”
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Virtual screening and molecular docking of Indonesian phytoconstituents as potential inhibitors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in polycystic ovary syndrome by Tunjungseto Arif, Iffatunnisa Fakhriyah, Pratiwi Intan Winta, Alif Azzam Muhyiddin Afrizal, Ahsan Fadhil, Santoso Budi

“…Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinology disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular menstruation, androgen overproduction and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) is one of the essential modulators of ovarian steroid hormone synthesis and lipid metabolism. …”
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Substituted piperazine conjugated to quinoline-thiosemicarbazide as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors to target hyperglycemia by Mehran Ghasemi, Mohammad Mahdavi, Maryam Dehghan, Mohammadreza Eftekharian, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Aida Iraji, Ahmed Al-Harrasi

“…Abstract Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is a growing global health challenge characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. One therapeutic approach to managing this condition is the inhibition of α-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion, to reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. …”
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