Interorgan Crosstalk Contributing to β-Cell Dysfunction by Katsuya Tanabe, Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki, Masayuki Hatanaka, Yukio Tanizawa

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from pancreatic β-cell failure in the setting of insulin resistance. In the early stages of this disease, pancreatic β-cells meet increased insulin demand by both enhancing insulin-secretory capacity and increasing β-cell mass. …”
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Putative Key Role of Inositol Messengers in Endothelial Cells in Preeclampsia by Sirilaksana Kunjara, Patricia McLean, Laurens Rademacher, Thomas W. Rademacher, Fabiana Fascilla, Stefano Bettocchi, Marco Scioscia

“…Immunological alterations, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance characterize preeclampsia. Endothelial cells hold the key role in the pathogenesis of this disease. …”
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Efficacy and safety of guanabenz acetate treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study protocol for a randomised investigator-initiated phase IIa study by Atsushi Nakajima, Yasushi Honda, Kento Imajo, Masato Yoneda, Yuji Ogawa, Takaomi Kessoku, Takashi Kobayashi, Anna Ozaki, Asako Nogami, Satoru Saito, Michihiro Iwaki, Kosuke Tanaka, Atsushi Yamamoto, Kota Takahashi, Yuki Kasai, Noritoshi Kobayashi

“…Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome phenotype in the liver and thus obviously associated with metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance-related to hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemia. …”
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Short-term abstinence from alcohol and changes in cardiovascular risk factors, liver function tests and cancer-related growth factors: a prospective observational study by Gautam Mehta, Rajiv Jalan, Matteo Rosselli, James Maurice, Stewart Macdonald, Alexandra Cronberg, Tanya Khera-Butler, Colin Sumpter, Safa Al-Khatib, Anjly Jain, Christos Charalambous, Amir Gander, Cynthia Ju, Talay Hakan, Roy Sherwood, Devaki Nair, Kevin P Moore

“…Exclusion criteria were known liver disease or alcohol dependence.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was change in insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score). …”
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Empty Calories in Processed Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Implications by Yusuf Sarkingobir, Yusuf Yahaya Miya

“…Added sugar causes insulin resistance and other comobidities, solid fat causes clogging of blood vessels and further aftermaths, sodium elicit hypertension. …”
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Bile Acids: Key Regulators and Novel Treatment Targets for Type 2 Diabetes by Yingjie Wu, An Zhou, Li Tang, Yuanyuan Lei, Bo Tang, Linjing Zhang

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance and unclear pathogenesis, is a serious menace to human health. …”
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The effects of magnesium supplementation in autoimmune rheumatic diseases by Aaron Lerner, Jozélio Freire de Carvalho, Carina Benzvi, Motti Haimi

“…Only one study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and demonstrated that 300 mg/day of oral magnesium reduced insulin resistance in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The lack of studies on this subject shows that additional studies are required to understand the causal relationship between magnesium supplementation and disease treatment.…”
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Neuroimmune axis: Linking environmental factors to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in Diabetes by Luz Andreone

“…Pancreatic β-cells are specialized in secreting insulin in response to circulating nutrients, mainly glucose.Diabetes is one of the most prevalent endocrine-metabolic diseases characterized by an imbalance in glucose homeostasis, which result mainly from lack of insulin production (type 1 diabetes) or insufficient insulin and peripheral insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes), both influenced by genetic and environmental components. …”
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Understanding the Role of Exercise in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: ERS-Linked Molecular Pathways by Yong Zou, Zhengtang Qi

“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally prevalent and characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver, frequently accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), enhanced hepatic inflammation, and apoptosis. …”
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Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology by Yolanda Mendizábal, Silvia Llorens, Eduardo Nava

“…Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular symptoms: insulin resistance (IR), obesity, dyslipemia. Hypertension and vascular disorders are central to this syndrome. …”
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The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Urolithiasis by Yee V. Wong, Paul Cook, Bhaskar K. Somani

“…Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of urolithiasis resulting from metabolic syndrome, amongst which are the insulin resistance and Randall’s plaque hypothesis. Similarly the pathophysiology of calcium and uric acid stone formation has been investigated to determine a connection between the two conditions. …”
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Relevance of Sympathetic Nervous System Activation in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome by Alicia A. Thorp, Markus P. Schlaich

“…Furthermore there is mounting evidence to suggest that chronic sympathetic overactivity can potentiate two of the key metabolic alterations of the MetS, central obesity and insulin resistance. This review will discuss the regulatory role of the sympathetic nervous system in metabolic control and the proposed pathophysiology linking sympathetic overactivity to metabolic abnormalities. …”
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Sympathoexcitation Associated with Renin-Angiotensin System in Metabolic Syndrome by Takuya Kishi, Yoshitaka Hirooka

“…In fact, previous studies have suggested that SNS activation has the interaction with RAS activation and/or insulin resistance. As a novel aspect connecting the importance of SNS and RAS activation, we and other investigators have recently demonstrated that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARBs) improve SNS activation in patients with MetS. …”
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Various Terpenoids Derived from Herbal and Dietary Plants Function as PPAR Modulators and Regulate Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism by Tsuyoshi Goto, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Shizuka Hirai, Teruo Kawada

“…Because PPARs are dietary lipid sensors that control energy homeostasis, daily eating of these terpenoids might be useful for the management for obesity-induced metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases.…”
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Infant of a diabetic mother: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment by Magdalena Suda-Całus, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Ewa Gulczyńska

“…Less common complications in IDMs are: persistent pulmonary hypertension, hyperbilirubinemia, renal vein thrombosis, small left colon syndrome, intrauterine death, polycythemia, and a predisposition to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes later in life. This article presents current knowledge about pathological conditions and the recommended management for IDMs.…”
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Lipid Chaperones and Metabolic Inflammation by Masato Furuhashi, Shutaro Ishimura, Hideki Ota, Tetsuji Miura

“…It is now clear that obesity and associated disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with a metabolically driven, low-grade, chronic inflammatory state, referred to as “metaflammation.” …”
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The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment by Yi-Cheng Chang, Siow-Wey Hee, Meng-Lun Hsieh, Yung-Ming Jeng, Lee-Ming Chuang

“…ROS scavengers, chemical chaperones, and autophagy activators have demonstrated promising effects for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes in preclinical models. Further results from clinical trials are eagerly awaited.…”
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Impaired Muscle Regeneration in Ob/ob and Db/db Mice by Mai-Huong Nguyen, Ming Cheng, Timothy J. Koh

“…Muscle regeneration was delayed in ob/ob and db/db mice, but not in a less severe model of insulin resistance – feeding a high-fat diet to wild-type mice. …”
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Differential Role of Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Vascular Complications by Almudena Gómez-Hernández, Nuria Beneit, Sabela Díaz-Castroverde, Óscar Escribano

“…Therefore, low systemic inflammation responsible for insulin resistance contributes to atherosclerotic process. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Hyperglycemia in Type I Diabetic Developing Male Rats by Hany N. Yousef, Samia M. Sakr, Sahar A. Sabry

“…Diabetic rats showed marked impairment (p<0.05) in serum levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) in addition to disruption of the calculated values of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), pancreatic β cell function (HOMA-β), and oxidative stress index (OSI). …”
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