Weight Considerations in Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes by Vicky Cheng, Sangeeta R. Kashyap

“…The treatment of diabetes should not only focus on glycemic control as its sole intention, but it should factor in the effect of these various agents on weight, as well, since obesity aggravates insulin resistance, beta cell failure, and cardiovascular risk.…”
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Proinflammatory Effects of C-Peptide in Different Tissues by Dusica Vasic, Daniel Walcher

“…C-peptide as a cleavage product of proinsulin is in the last few decades known as an active peptide with a number of different effects on microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with insulin resistance and early type 2 diabetes show elevated levels of C-peptide in blood. …”
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A Study of Correlation of Adiponectin Levels in Metabolic Syndrome by Apurv Singhal, Vedpal Singh Punia, Akash Bharti, Shaavi Mittal, Praveen Raman Mishra, Prem Kuma

“… Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also known as insulin resistance syndrome, is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic symptoms such as high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, or insulin resistance. …”
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Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Manjula Nandakumar, Priya Das, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Alexandra E. Butler, Stephen L. Atkin

“…A subset analysis of BMI-matched plus insulin resistance (IR)-matched women revealed only upregulation of tissue factor (TF) and renin in PCOS, potentially serving as biomarkers for cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese women with PCOS. …”
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Plasma Asprosin Levels Are Associated with Glucose Metabolism, Lipid, and Sex Hormone Profiles in Females with Metabolic-Related Diseases by Xing Li, Mingyu Liao, Rufei Shen, Linlin Zhang, Hua Hu, Jun Wu, Xiuli Wang, Hua Qu, Shaodong Guo, Min Long, Hongting Zheng

“…Asprosin is a white adipose tissue-derived hormone that increases abnormally in mammals with insulin resistance. However, the role of asprosin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disease partly characterized by insulin resistance, and its potential connection with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and PCOS has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. …”
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C1q/TNF-Related Protein5 (CTRP5) as a Biomarker to Predict Metabolic Syndrome and Each of Its Components by Feiyu Jiang, Min Yang, Xili Zhao, Rui Liu, Gangyi Yang, Dongfang Liu, Hua Liu, Hongting Zheng, Zhiming Zhu, Ling Li

“…The relationship between circulating CTRP5 and MetS and insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by Spearman’s correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis. …”
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High Serum Asprosin Levels Are Associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome by Tao Hong, Jiao-Yang Li, Ya-Di Wang, Xiao-Yan Qi, Zhe-Zhen Liao, Poonam Bhadel, Li Ran, Jing Yang, Bin Yan, Jiang-Hua Liu, Xin-Hua Xiao

“…Asprosin, a new adipocytokine, has reportedly been associated with glucose release, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR). However, the relationship of asprosin with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unknown. …”
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The Effect of Lipotoxicity on Renal Dysfunction in a Nonobese Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome: A Urinary Proteomic Approach by Irena Markova, Denisa Miklankova, Martina Hüttl, Petr Kacer, Jelena Skibova, Jan Kucera, Radislav Sedlacek, Tereza Kacerova, Ludmila Kazdova, Hana Malinska

“…The development of metabolic syndrome-associated renal dysfunction is exacerbated by a number of factors including dyslipidemia, ectopic deposition of lipids and their toxic metabolites, impairment of lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Renal dysfunction is also affected by the production of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors secreted from adipose tissue, which can in turn directly impair kidney cells and potentiate insulin resistance. …”
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Expression of Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 9 in Placenta and Its Relationship with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Qiang Wei, Xiaomin Pu, Li Zhang, Yi Xu, Meifan Duan, Yuemei Wang

“…DUSP9 upregulation in the placenta of GDM pregnant women may promote insulin resistance, which may correlate with the occurrence of GDM. …”
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Adipocyte-specific Steap4 deficiency reduced thermogenesis and energy expenditure in mice by Han Wang, Lizi Zhang, Xing Chen, Lingzi Hong, Junjie Zhao, Wen Qian, Lam Khue Pham, Belinda Willard, Xiaoxia Li, Katarzyna Bulek, Xiao Li

“…Adipocyte-specific Steap4-deficient mice exhibited increased fat mass and severe insulin resistance in our high-fat diet model. Mass spectrometry identified two classes of Steap4 interactomes: mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in splicing. …”
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A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Unveiling the Mechanisms of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Yuyang Wang, Tongtong Liu, Fang Ma, Xiaoguang Lu, Huimin Mao, Weie Zhou, Liping Yang, Ping Li, Yongli Zhan

“…DAVID results indicated that TwHF may play a role in treating DKD through AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, insulin resistance, and calcium signaling pathway (P<0.05). …”
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Hyperglycemia Is a Potential Prognostic Factor for Exacerbation in Severe Psoriasis with Diabetes or Prediabetes by Yongpisarn T, Thadanipon K, Suchonwanit P, Rattanakaemakorn P

“…Interestingly, insulin resistance may also worsen psoriatic skin lesions. …”
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JinQi Jiangtang Tablet Regulates Gut Microbiota and Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mice by Ying Cao, Guowang Yao, Yuanyuan Sheng, Li Yang, Zixuan Wang, Zhen Yang, Pengwei Zhuang, Yanjun Zhang

“…JQJT tablets could also reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, which were related to insulin resistance. Conclusion. We demonstrated that JQJT tablets could improve T2DM insulin resistance, regulating the gut microbiota and promoting the production of SCFAs. …”
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Exercise-Induced Irisin, the Fat Browning Myokine, as a Potential Anticancer Agent by George-Emmanuel Maalouf, Diala El Khoury

“…This myokine is usually secreted after exercise by improving energy balance and has shown great potential as a possible treatment for some metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Obesity has been linked to a higher incidence of some cancers. …”
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Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome by Ronelsys Martínez Martínez, Raúl González Salas, Ariel Leonardo Alarcón Vela, Diana Sofía Iglesias Espín

“…Although the literature suggests the association of this entity with the presence of obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism, they are not currently included as part of the diagnostic criteria. …”
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Sex Differences in Energy Metabolism Need to Be Considered with Lifestyle Modifications in Humans by Betty N. Wu, Anthony J. O'Sullivan

“…The reason for these sex differences in energy metabolism is not known; however, it may relate to sex steroids, differences in insulin resistance, or metabolic effects of other hormones such as leptin. …”
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Metabolic Syndrome and Outcomes after Renal Intervention by Daynene Vykoukal, Mark G. Davies

“…Multiple observational studies have consistently shown that increased body mass index as well as insulin resistance and increased fasting insulin levels is associated with chronic kidney disease, even after adjustment for related disorders. …”
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Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection as Primary Treatment for Metastatic Seminoma by Brian Hu, Siamak Daneshmand

“…External beam radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy are established treatments for seminoma; however, they are associated with late toxicities such as cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and secondary malignancy. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is a standard treatment for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) that has minimal long-term morbidity. …”
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A Review of the Potential for Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Youth with Spina Bifida and the Role for Physical Activity and Structured Exercise by Kevin R. Short, Dominic Frimberger

“…Children and adolescents who have decreased mobility due to spina bifida may be at increased risk for the components of metabolic syndrome, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia due to low physical activity. …”
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Exercise and the Cardiovascular System by Saeid Golbidi, Ismail Laher

“…There are alarming increases in the incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. …”
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