Angiopoietin-Like Proteins 2 and 3 in Children and Adolescents with Obesity and Their Relationship with Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome by Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi, Mitra Nourbakhsh, Mohammad Alaee, Mona Nourbakhsh, Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini, Roya Sharifi, Maryam Razzaghy-Azar

“…Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated and used to estimate insulin resistance (IR). …”
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Characterization of the Prediabetic State in a Novel Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes, the ZFDM Rat by Ghupurjan Gheni, Norihide Yokoi, Masayuki Beppu, Takuro Yamaguchi, Shihomi Hidaka, Ayako Kawabata, Yoshikazu Hoshino, Masayuki Hoshino, Susumu Seino

“…At 6–8 weeks of age, fa/fa male rats exhibited mild glucose intolerance and severe insulin resistance. Although basal insulin secretion was remarkably high in the isolated pancreatic islets, the responses to both glucose stimulation and the incretin GLP-1 were retained. …”
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Age, Body Mass Index, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio Related Changes in Insulin Secretion  and  Insulin Sensitivity in Women  with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Minimal Model Analyses by Mirjana Šumarac-Dumanović, Danica Stamenković-Pejković, Danka Jeremić, Janko Dumanović, Vesna Mandić-Marković, Miloš Žarković, Dragan Micić

“…Insulin resistance is believed to be an integral component of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). …”
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Time-restricted feeding improves metabolic syndrome by activating thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and reducing inflammatory markers by Yueling Gong, Yueling Gong, Honghui Zhang, Jiang Feng, Li Ying, Mengmeng Ji, Shiyin Wei, Shiyin Wei, Qiming Ma

“…Key parameters observed included body weight, glucose tolerance (via glucose tolerance tests), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin secretion under glucose stimulation. …”
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Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children by Anna Alisi, Nadia Panera, Carlo Agostoni, Valerio Nobili

“…This study suggested that, in children, adolescents, and adults born SGA, insulin resistance could lead to other metabolic disorders: type 2 diabetes (DM2), dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). …”
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Regulation of Metabolic Disease-Associated Inflammation by Nutrient Sensors by Alex S. Yamashita, Thiago Belchior, Fábio S. Lira, Nicolette C. Bishop, Barbara Wessner, José C. Rosa, William T. Festuccia

“…Visceral obesity is frequently associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a highly prevalent chronic disease that features insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction as important hallmarks. …”
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Impact of Different Metabolic Indicators on Ventricular Repolarization Indices in Obese Children: A Case Control Study by Asmaa A El Sehmawy, Rasha Abd El Samad Fawaz, Nadia Ahmed Agiba, Eman Aziz Elsherbiny, Nglaa Fathi Agaba, Doaa Sayed Mohammed, Haidy Mahmoud Nasr, Fatma Elzhraa AE Diab, Amal M Ahmed, Shorouk Issa Mahfouz, Heba T Okda, Doaa Sadek Ahmed

“…Background: Obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia may impact ventricular repolarization in children. …”
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ADAM19: A Novel Target for Metabolic Syndrome in Humans and Mice by Lakshini Weerasekera, Caroline Rudnicka, Qing-Xiang Sang, Joanne E. Curran, Matthew P. Johnson, Eric K. Moses, Harald H. H. Göring, John Blangero, Jana Hricova, Markus Schlaich, Vance B. Matthews

“…Obesity is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the Western world and correlates directly with insulin resistance, which may ultimately culminate in type 2 diabetes (T2D). …”
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Evidence for the Gut Microbiota Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Pathophysiological Molecules Improving Diabetes by Alessandra Puddu, Roberta Sanguineti, Fabrizio Montecucco, Giorgio Luciano Viviani

“…In type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress were shown to be associated with the progressive deterioration of beta-cell function and mass. …”
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Clinical Profiles, Occurrence, and Management of Adolescent Patients with HAIR-AN Syndrome by Hatim A. Omar, Stephanie Logsdon, Jessica Richards

“…The syndrome of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) is a subphenotype of the polycystic ovary syndrome. …”
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with Obesity by Lina Neri Espinosa Pire, Iruma Alfonso González, Michelle Ariana Calvache Vargas, Holger Alexander Lozano Ati

“…In the latter, substances such as leptin and resistin are secreted that increase insulin resistance. The decrease in sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle and fatty tissue produces hypoinsulinism and hyperglycemia through compensatory mechanisms. …”
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Lipid Droplet Formation and Type II Diabetes by Xuebao Zhang, Kezhong Zhang

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, is caused by insufficient insulin production due to excessive loss of pancreatic β cells (type I diabetes) or impaired insulin signaling due to peripheral insulin resistance (type II diabetes). Pancreatic β cell is the only insulin-secreting cell type that has highly developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cope with high demands of insulin synthesis and secretion. …”
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Metabolic Syndrome and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A New Paradigm by Andrew A. Davis, Virginia G. Kaklamani

“…The evidence linking TNBC with the metabolic syndrome, which consists of central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, has emerged from clinical studies and experiments using cell lines and mouse models. …”
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Is There An Association Between Kisspeptin Levels And Gestational Diabetes Mellitus? by Emine Arslan, Umit Gorkem, Cihan Togrul

“…There was a significant difference in terms of serum level of insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance between the gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups (p<0.001). …”
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Peran Antioksidan pada Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Yusri Diane Jurnalis, Yorva Sayoeti, Elfitrimelly .

“…<br />Keywords:NAFLD, insulin resistance, antioxidant</p>…”
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Role of T-Cell Polarization and Inflammation and Their Modulation by n-3 Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes and Macrosomia by A. Hichami, O. Grissa, I. Mrizak, C. Benammar, N. A. Khan

“…In this paper, we shed light on the role of T-cell malfunction that leads to an inflammatory and pathophysiological state, related to insulin resistance in GDM and macrosomia. We will also discuss the nutritional management of these pathologies by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).…”
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The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Insulin Levels and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review by R. Floyd, R. Gryson, D. Mockler, J. Gibney, S. N. Duggan, L. A. Behan

“…Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with many associated metabolic symptoms, in particular hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and a high lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. …”
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Effect of Social Factors and the Natural Environment on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus by Guangtong Dong, Lianlian Qu, Xuefeng Gong, Bing Pang, Weitian Yan, Junping Wei

“…Poor lifestyle may lead to increased insulin resistance and promote DM development. Improvements in blood glucose control can be achieved through nonenvironmental and behavioral interventions.…”
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Retinopathy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Myrsini Orfanidou, Stergios A. Polyzos

“…Chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction are only some of those mechanisms contributing to disease progression and, possibly, determining the bidirectional interplay between the liver and retinal pathology. …”
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Adipokines as Drug Targets in Diabetes and Underlying Disturbances by Vinícius Andrade-Oliveira, Niels O.S. Câmara, Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira

“…Thus, adipokines are an interesting drug target to treat autoimmune diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the roles of adipokines in different immune and nonimmune cells, which will contribute to diabetes as well as to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance development. …”
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