Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Soaring Epidemic by Asirvatham Alwin Robert, Abdulrahman Al-Dawish, Muhammad Mujammami, Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish

“…More alarmingly, the incidence of T1DM among infants is also increasing, with children as young as 6 months succumbing to it, instead of that at a rather established vulnerable age of around seven and near puberty, when the hormones antagonize the action of insulin. These reports pose a unique challenge of developing efficient T1DM management system for the young children. …”
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A Review on The Impact of Thermal Stress on Fish Biochemistry by Manoj Kumar Pati, Mohammad Aftabuddin, Prasun Roychowdhury

“…Other hormones (thyroid hormones, epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, glucagon) also play roles in the thermal stress response. …”
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Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhanced Immune Components and Growth Factors EGF and IGF-1 in Sow Colostrum by Lunbo Tan, Ting Wei, Anwen Yuan, Jun He, Jinhui Liu, Daojun Xu, Qing Yang

“…Samples were measured using porcine immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, classical swine fever virus antibody (CSFV Ab), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor- (IGF-) 1 ELISA Quantitation Kits. …”
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Endocrine and metabolic alterations in response to systemic inflammation and sepsis: a review article by Syed Faizan Mehdi, Muhammad Hamza Qureshi, Salman Pervaiz, Karishma Kumari, Edwin Saji, Mahnoor Shah, Ahmad Abdullah, Kamran Zahoor, Hafiza Amna Qadeer, Disha Kumari Katari, Christine Metz, Lopa Mishra, Derek LeRoith, Kevin Tracey, Michael J. Brownstein, Jesse Roth

“…Increased cortisol or cortisolemia is evident throughout the acute phase, along with changes in the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis, growth hormone-IGF-1 axis, insulin-glucose axis, leptin, catecholamines, renin angiotensin aldosterone axis, ghrelin, glucagon, hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HGA) axis, and fibroblast growth factor-21. …”
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β-Cell Specific Overexpression of GPR39 Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia by Kristoffer L. Egerod, Chunyu Jin, Pia Steen Petersen, Nils Wierup, Frank Sundler, Birgitte Holst, Thue W. Schwartz

“…Mice deficient in the zinc-sensor GPR39, which has been demonstrated to protect cells against endoplasmatic stress and cell death in vitro, display moderate glucose intolerance and impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. Here, we use the Tet-On system under the control of the proinsulin promoter to selectively overexpress GPR39 in the β cells in a double transgenic mouse strain and challenge them with multiple low doses of streptozotocin, which in the wild-type littermates leads to a gradual increase in nonfasting glucose levels and glucose intolerance observed during both food intake and OGTT. …”
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Garlic and Onion Attenuates Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Fructose-Fed Rats by Marcela Alejandra Vazquez-Prieto, Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi, Carina Lembo, Claudio Rómulo Galmarini, Roberto Miguel Miatello

“…At the end of the study, FFR had developed insulin resistance, aortic NADPH oxidase activity, increased SBP, plasma TBARS and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in mesenteric arteries, and a decrease in heart endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). …”
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2,4-Thiazolidinedione Treatment Improves the Innate Immune Response in Dairy Goats with Induced Subclinical Mastitis by Fernanda Rosa, Johan S. Osorio, Erminio Trevisi, Francisco Yanqui-Rivera, Charles T. Estill, Massimo Bionaz

“…TZD significantly increased myeloperoxidase but did not affect leukocytes phagocytosis or insulin. TZD increased adipocytes size and had minor effect on expression of PPARγ target genes in mammary epithelial cells but not in adipose tissue. …”
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Modulating the human gut microbiome and health markers through kombucha consumption: a controlled clinical study by Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah, Rachel Miller, Maria Gjerstad Maseng, Vienna Hawes, Denise Hinz, Cheryl Kim, Jack A. Gilbert

“…However, paired analysis between baseline and end of intervention time points within kombucha or control groups revealed increases in fasting insulin and in HOMA-IR in the kombucha group whereas reductions in HDL cholesterol were associated with the control group. …”
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Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Multifactorial Adverse Cardiac Remodeling Associated with Metabolic Syndrome by Mohamed Asrih, François Mach, Alessio Nencioni, Franco Dallegri, Alessandra Quercioli, Fabrizio Montecucco

“…This pathological remodeling has been described to result from the cardiac adaptive response to clinical mechanical conditions (such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia), soluble inflammatory molecules (such as cytokines and chemokines), as well as hormones (such as insulin), characterizing the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. …”
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Modulation of gut microbiota, up-regulation of ZO-1, and promotion of metabolism as therapeutic mechanisms of indole-3-carbinol against obesity in mice by XuWen Mao, Guliruoyi Paerhati, Yuche Wu, Lu Feng Cheng

“…We aim to ascertain whether I3C mediates the relations between mouse gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, and metabolism to treat obesity in mice.MethodsThe experimental analyses focused on the changes in lipid distribution, inflammatory cytokines, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota composition, and serum metabolomics of 60 C57BL/6N mice.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrated that I3C reduced body weight, hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation and improved insulin resistance in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). …”
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Investigation and Identification of let-7a Related Functional Proteins in Gastric Carcinoma by Proteomics by Yimin Zhu, Xingyuan Xiao, Lairong Dong, Zhiming Liu

“…The overexpressed proteins included Antioxidant protein 2, Insulin–like growth factor binding protein 2, Protein disulfide isomerase A2, C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor1 (CDKN1) and Rho–GTPase activating protein 4. …”
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Wolfram Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Clinical Manifestations, Genetics Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapies by N. B. Toppings, J. M. McMillan, P. Y. B. Au, O. Suchowersky, L. E. Donovan

“…WS is characterized by insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. …”
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The Effect of Chronic Candesartan Therapy on the Metabolic Profile and Renal Tissue Cytokine Levels in the Obese Zucker Rat by Carolyn M. Ecelbarger, Arjun Rash, Rajesh K. Sinha, Swasti Tiwari

“…Nonetheless, candesartan impaired glucose tolerance, and did not lower blood insulin or glucose levels. Moreover, renal IL-1α, -2, -4, -6 and -10 tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, were significantly reduced in OZ relative to LZ, and increased by candesartan. …”
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Association of Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Ferritin with the Metabolic Syndrome by Dong Wei, Tao Chen, Jie Li, Yun Gao, Yan Ren, Xiangxun Zhang, Hongling Yu, Haoming Tian

“…Furthermore, the increased risk of having each of the metabolic syndrome components (overweight or obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance) was also observed in those subjects after adjustment for possible confounders (p < 0.05). …”
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Alteration of Loperamide-Induced Prostate Relaxation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats by Sheng-Lung Hsu, Hsien-Hui Chung, I-Hung Chen, Yat-Ching Tong

“…Body weight, prostate weight, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol, as well as systolic blood pressure, were significantly increased in the HFD rats. …”
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Mitigation of Diabetes Mellitus Using Euphorbia helioscopia Leaf Ethanolic Extract by Modulating GCK, GLUT4, IGF, and G6P Expressions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Ahmed Raza, Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq, Sadia Hassan, Ali Sharif, Bushra Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar

“…An upregulation in the expressions of glucokinase, glucose transporter 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and insulin-like growth factor was observed in treated rats in contrast to G6P expression, which was downregulated upon treatment. …”
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Antimutagenic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Aqueous Extract on Rats Treated with Monosodium Glutamate by Ana Carla Guidini Valentini Gheller, Jacqueline Kerkhoff, Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior, Kleber Eduardo de Campos, Marina Mariko Sugui

“…H. sabdariffa is known to contain antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, antiobesity, insulin resistance reduction, antihypertensive, and skin cancer chemopreventive properties. …”
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Promotion of beta cell proliferation through DYRK kinase inhibition using the marine natural product breitfussin C by Sara Ullsten, Kine Østnes Hansen, Guillaume Axel Petit, Espen Holst Hansen, Jeanette Hammer Andersen

“…Targeting cytokine signalling pathways offers a potential strategy to slow or even halt disease progression, reducing reliance on exogenous insulin and improving glucose regulation. This study explores the protective and proliferative effects of breitfussin C (BfC), a natural compound isolated from the Arctic marine hydrozoan Thuiaria breitfussi, on pancreatic beta cells exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines. …”
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The Epidemiology of Depression and Diabetes Distress in Type 2 Diabetes in Kuwait by Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Abdulla Al Ozairi, Clare Blythe, Etab Taghadom, Khalida Ismail

“…Depression caseness patients were more likely to be female (60%; p=0.001), have Kuwaiti nationality (68%, p=0.121), were on insulin (67%, p=0.001), have higher body mass index (p=0.047), were less physically active (78%; p=0.034), have a higher PAID score (p<0.001), and have hypertension (74%, p=0.047). …”
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The protective effect of dietary flavonoid fraction from Acanthophora spicifera on streptozotocin induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats by Lavakumar Vuppalapati, Ravichandiran Velayudam, K.F.H. Nazeer Ahamed, Sowmya Cherukuri, Bhaskar Reddy Kesavan

“…The testings were acted upon male rats, which were alienated into five groups: control group, diabetic group (single dose of 65 mg/kg, streptozotocin (STZ) i.p.), diabetic with insulin (6 IU), and diabetic with flavonoid rich fraction groups (FRF) at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, given orally for 21 days. …”
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