Antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Jordan N. Keels, Isabella R. McDonald, Christopher S. Lee, Andrew A. Dwyer, Andrew A. Dwyer

“…Results indicate that individuals with DM should continue oral antidiabetic agents with additional basal insulin as needed to improve glycemic control and reduce mortality. …”
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Research progress of GLP-1RAs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by Xu He, Xu He, Xu He, Wei Zhao, Wei Zhao, PeiHang Li, PeiHang Li, YinJiang Zhang, YinJiang Zhang, GuoHua Li, HongYu Su, BiNan Lu, BiNan Lu, ZongRan Pang, ZongRan Pang

“…Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid intestinal insulin-stimulating factor, which is mainly secreted by L cells in the distal ileum and colon. …”
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Circulating Levels of Betatrophin and Irisin Are Not Associated with Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Previously Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients by Lingshu Wang, Jun Song, Chuan Wang, Peng Lin, Kai Liang, Yu Sun, Tianyi He, Wenjuan Li, Ruxing Zhao, Jun Qin, Yiran Lu, Jinbo Liu, Fuqiang Liu, Xinguo Hou, Li Chen

“…However, partial correlation analysis showed that betatrophin levels did not correlate with β-cell function-related variables or insulin resistance-related variables before or after controlling multiple covariates, while irisin correlated positively with insulin sensitivity but is not associated with β-cell function-related variables. …”
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Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration by Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Prabhavi Wijesiriwardhana, Richard J. Biedrzycki, Cuilin Zhang, Katherine L. Grantz, Jagteshwar Grewal, Fasil Tekola-Ayele

“…Among Asian/Pacific Islander women, medium insulin cumulative exposure level was associated with lower PAA (β = − 0.94 weeks, 95% CI = − 1.74 to − 0.14). …”
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Trunk Fat Negatively Influences Skeletal and Testicular Functions in Obese Men: Clinical Implications for the Aging Male by Silvia Migliaccio, Davide Francomano, Roberto Bruzziches, Emanuela A. Greco, Rachele Fornari, Lorenzo M. Donini, Andrea Lenzi, Antonio Aversa

“…Osteocalcin (OSCA) seems to act as a negative regulator of energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Evidence from male rodents suggests that OSCA may also regulate testosterone (T) synthesis. …”
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Systemic Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema in an Adult Veteran Population by Tran EM, Gregori NZ, Rachitskaya A, Nandan A, Pershing S, Goldberg JL

“…Higher HbA1c levels, systolic blood pressure, BUN levels, and insulin use (suggestive of more severe and/or long-standing diabetes) appear to be highly associated with the development of diabetic eye disease, and, in particular, diabetic retinopathy.Keywords: diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, HbA1c, blood pressure, albuminuria…”
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Microalbuminuria in the Early Diagnosis of Kidney Damage in Diabetic Patients by Gabriel Ignacio Hinojoza Alarcón, Agustín Paramio Rodríguez

“…It is more common in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.…”
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A Case of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presenting with Hypernatremia, Hyperosmolarity, and Altered Sensorium by Vinod Kumar, Sushant M. Nanavati, Gabriel Melki, Mira Upadhyaya, Raman Dhillon, Sandra Gibiezaite, Patrick Michael, Monisha Singhal

“…Patient was given initial bolus of isotonic saline and continued on half isotonic saline for correction of hypernatremia along with insulin infusion therapy. Patient was successfully treated with intravenous fluids, insulin infusion, and the altered sensorium was resolved without any sequelae. …”
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Inhibition of IAPP Aggregation and Toxicity by Natural Products and Derivatives by Amit Pithadia, Jeffrey R. Brender, Carol A. Fierke, Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy

“…Fibrillar aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide, hIAPP, a pathological feature seen in some diabetes patients, are a likely causative agent for pancreatic beta-cell toxicity, leading to a transition from a state of insulin resistance to type II diabetes through the loss of insulin producing beta-cells by hIAPP induced toxicity. …”
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Pengaruh heating therapy terhadap profil darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) by Ni Made Eva Junihensari, Ngurah Intan Wiratmini, Ni Gusti Ayu Manik Ermayanti

“…Heating Therapy merupakan pengobatan berupa paparan panas yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan ekspresi heat shock protein (HSP), memperbaiki metabolisme glukosa, sensitivitas insulin dan memperbaiki pensinyalan insulin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh heating therapy terhadap profil darah tikus. …”
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Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus by Amy Trang, Jordan Bushman, Alexandra Halalau

“…PPIs increase gastrin levels, causing a rise in insulin. No studies have evaluated the duration of PPI therapy and its effect on glycemic control. …”
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Genetic, Functional, and Immunological Study of ZnT8 in Diabetes by Qiong Huang, Jie Du, Chengfeng Merriman, Zhicheng Gong

“…Zinc participates in insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion by functioning as a “cellular second messenger” in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose homeostasis. …”
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Minimal state models for ionic channels involved in glucagon secretion by Virginia González-Vélez, Amparo Gil, Iván Quesada

“…This hormone along with insulin, preserves blood glucose levels within a physiological range. …”
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Effect of Social Factors and the Natural Environment on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus by Guangtong Dong, Lianlian Qu, Xuefeng Gong, Bing Pang, Weitian Yan, Junping Wei

“…Poor lifestyle may lead to increased insulin resistance and promote DM development. Improvements in blood glucose control can be achieved through nonenvironmental and behavioral interventions.…”
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Comparative Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Effects of Different Parts of Cassia fistula Linn, a Southeast Asian Plant by John Wilking Einstein, Mustafa Mohd Rais, Mustafa Ali Mohd

“…Biochemical parameters like blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and serum marker enzymes were determined. …”
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Molecular Structure, Membrane Interactions, and Toxicity of the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Lucie Caillon, Anais R. F. Hoffmann, Alexandra Botz, Lucie Khemtemourian

“…In common with other misfolded and aggregated proteins, amyloid formation involves aggregation of monomers of hIAPP into oligomers, fibrils, and ultimately mature amyloid deposits. hIAPP is coproduced and stored with insulin by the pancreatic islet β-cells and is released in response to the stimuli that lead to insulin secretion. …”
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Oleuropein Improves Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Rats through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway by Jianru Shang, Shan Che, Mingjie Zhu

“…The fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index were measured in rats. …”
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Magnesium and Vascular Changes in Hypertension by Ana Rosa Cunha, Bianca Umbelino, Margarida L. Correia, Mario Fritsch Neves

“…Magnesium is a mineral with important functions in the body such as antiarrhythmic effect, actions in vascular tone, contractility, glucose metabolism, and insulin homeostasis. In addition, lower concentrations of magnesium are associated with oxidative stress, proinflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction, platelet aggregation, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. …”
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Retinopathy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Myrsini Orfanidou, Stergios A. Polyzos

“…Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, MASLD is frequently linked to metabolic syndrome components, such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. …”
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Increasing GLP-1 Circulating Levels by Bariatric Surgery or by GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Therapy: Why Are the Clinical Consequences so Different? by Chloé Amouyal, Fabrizio Andreelli

“…The “incretin effect” is used to describe the observation that more insulin is secreted after the oral administration of glucose compared to that after the intravenous administration of the same amount of glucose. …”
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